Chapter 5: Environment Management - Angelesangelescity.gov.ph/government/files/aep_c5.pdf · Chapter 5: Environment Management Area Ecological Profile 2015 Page 129 ... barangay officials/tanods

Chapter 5: Environment Management

Area Ecological Profile 2015 Page 129

Chapter 5

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT There is a need to ensure that ecosystems are protected and maintained for equitable use by

human future generations. This is a goal to preserve, conserve and improve the state of

environmental resources affected by human activities.

5.1. Environmental Health

Food Safety – Food quality, sanitation and safety is ensured in establishments like restaurants, fast

foods, carinderia, eateries, refreshments and food manufacturing by requiring the owners to secure

local sanitary permits including health certificates for food handlers as provided for in Chapter III of

City Ordinance 326, Series 2012, “An Ordinance Enacting the Sanitation Code of Angeles City.” This

covers all food establishments, food manufacturers and facilities including those located in vessels,

food container vehicles and food sold in the streets. The City Health Office – Environmental Health

Services (CHO-EMS) conducts regular monitoring in these establishments. However, this may not be

the case for the food street vendors. There are a hundreds of street peddlers selling various cooked

and non-cooked food items in the city. These vendors hardly comply with the provisions of this city

ordinance such as the sanitation requirements for operating food establishments, health

requirements for food handlers, quality food protection, transporting of food and food materials,

and preparation, storing and serving of food/drinks.

One of the identified priority project listed in the Local Development Investment Program is the

“Street Food Vendors Registration, Regulation and Livelihood Assistance Project.” It does not only

provide livelihood to street food vendors but also enforces regulations to ensure that street food

are not only cheap but also clean. There should be a registration, regular inspection and assessment

of street food vendors’ compliance to health and sanitation regulations.

Noise – The source of most outdoor noise is caused mainly by machines and transportation systems.

City Ordinance 3012, Series 2011, “An Ordinance Codifying the Environmental Related Ordinances of

Angeles City,” Chapter 5, Air/Noise Pollution Management, Art. B requires owners of motorcycles,

tricycles and other two-wheeled motor vehicles to have mufflers with silencers or other similar

devices to their said vehicles to avoid unnecessary irritating noise and increasing penalty for

violation thereof.

The Public Transport Regulatory Office (PTRO) should strictly enforce said city ordinance and must

become a precondition for the granting of public conveyance franchise. The same must also be

communicated by the city government to the Land Transportation Office (LTO) so that the same

condition will be applied prior to the registration of these vehicles.



Smoking – On October 23, 2012, the Sangguniang Panlungsod passed Ordinance 321, Series 2012

“An Ordinance Amending Ordinance 302, Series 2011 known as the Environmental Code of Angeles

City, particularly Section 5A.02 of Article A, Chapter 5, Prohibiting smoking Inside Public or

Government Offices, Public Transportation, Theaters, Malls and Public Hospitals within the

Jurisdiction of Angeles City.”

Any person found violating the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of P1,000 or

by imprisonment of not more than 30 days or both at the discretion of the court. Citizens (arrest),

barangay officials/tanods and the City Environment and Natural Resources Office are authorized to

apprehend violators.

5.2. Solid Waste Management

Republic Act No. 9003 – The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the

institutional and legal frameworks on how the country can address its problem on solid waste

management especially in urban areas. It mandated LGUs to establish their own landfill either

individually or collectively. Concerned national line agencies and entities, including the private

sector were also encouraged to participate in establishing solid waste management facilities in

consultation with LGUs.

Angeles City expects to achieve its aspiration of a sound ecology and environment to make it an

enviable place for its citizenry to live in through Ordinance No. 302, series of 2011, “An Ordinance

Codifying the Environmental Related Ordinance of Angeles City in the Preservation and Protection of

the Environmental and Ecological Integrity of Angeles City.”

One of the provisions of the Code is the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance of

Angeles City. Its essence is the assurance of the cleanliness as well as the sanitation of the city

through the proper management of waste and the cessation of the utilization of open garbage

dumps facilities. This ordinance is in line and in support of RA 9003.

One of the strategies considered to be the most critical for the effective implementation of this

Ordinance is the Information Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign conducted at the

barangay level. Its primary target are the households, the very source of waste segregation. The IEC

campaign aims to instill awareness and hopefully, the values on the residents, of their environment,

their surroundings, the ecology. They should be made to acknowledge their share in the

responsibility of proper waste management, from waste segregation and storage, at source, to

collection and transfer to disposal of waste.



To inculcate awareness and discipline, the city has taken the step further as provided for in Article B

of Ordinance No. 3012, S-2011. Citation tickets for the offense of “Improper Disposal and Other

Forms of Unsanitary Practices”. Violators will be fined with a minimum of P500.00 or imprisonment

of five (5) days but not more than one (1) month to a maximum of P2,000.00 or imprisonment of six

(6) months and one (1) day but not more than one (1) year or both fine and imprisonment at the

discretion of the court.

As part of its solid waste management efforts, another ordinance was passed Ordinance No. 314, S-

2012, “An Ordinance Creating the Angeles City Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB) and

Establishment of Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in Angeles City”.

Angeles City, along with its 33 barangays, has manifested the desire to provide adequate material

recovery facilities and to implement effective solid waste management. The city established a

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), three (3) of which are individual MRFs while two (2) are clustered

MRFs where it sorts wastes accordingly. Those materials that can be reused and recycled are sold,

while bio-degradable and other organic wastes are processed into organic fertilizer. The remaining

non-recoverable materials are disposed in Kalangitan Sanitary Landfill, an inter-regional sanitary

landfill owned and operated by Clark Development Corporation (CDC).

Table 5-1 List of MRFs in Angeles City

Location Category Host/Member Barangays

Cutcut Individual Cutcut

Malabanias Individual Malabanias

City Hall Compound Individual City Government Offices

Anunas Cluster

Anunas (host) Amsic Cuayan San Nicolas Sto. Rosario Sapangbato Margot Pampang Lourdes Northwest Sta. Trinidad

Capaya Cluster

Capaya (host) Agapito Del Rosario Sapalibutad Cutud Pulung Cacutud Pulung Maragul Tabun Pandan Sta. Teresita Ninoy Aquino Mining



Salapungan Balibago Virgen Delos Remedios Claro M. Recto Lourdes Sur Lourdes Sur East Sto. Cristo Pulungbulu San Jose Sto. Domingo

Source : City Environment and Natural Resources Office

In order to limit the detrimental effects caused by the use of plastic and polysterene foam

containers, the city passed Ordinance No. 364, S-2015, “An Ordinance Regulating the Use and

distribution of Plastic Bags and Prohibiting the Use of Polysterene Foam (Styrofoam/Styropor)

Within the Territorial Jurisdiction of Angeles City and Prescribing Penalties for Violations Thereof”.

This promotes the use of alternative packing materials such as, but not limited to woven bags

(bayong), cloth bags (Katsa), paper bags and likewise encourages the consumers to bring their own

bags and containers.



Table 5-2 SUMMARY OF WACS RESULT in 2015 Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable waste from sources (in grams)

Major Sources

Total Waste Generation (kgs/day)

Waste Composition (kgs/day)

Kgs./day Percentage Biodegradable Recyclables Residual with Potential for Diversion

Subtotal Diaper For

Disposal Total

Residual Special Wastes Sando Bag PP Composite Others

Residential 283,793,617 111,208.576 58,255.339 117.281 109.074 822.481 25,019.701 26,068.537 80,302.942 7,902.297 114,273.775 55.926

%Share HH 89.72% 35.16% 18.42% 0.04% 0.03% 0.26% 7.91% 8.24% 25.39% 2.50% 36.13% 0.02%

Commercials

General Stores 2,895.704 0.92% 756.118 878.031 566.767 118.379 48.303 342.678 1,076.127 178.254 7.173 1,261.555 0.000

Public Market 646.667 0.20% 504.697 52.676 41.804 3.352 3.048 19.312 67.516 13.112 8.666 89.294 0.000

Food Establishment 340.284 0.11% 36.602 59.672 63.115 6.285 0.423 96.918 166.740 77.270 0.000 244.010 0.000

Malls 589.652 0.19% 256.787 186.077 38.633 17.978 5.088 26.631 88.331 54.767 3.590 146.688 0.100

Service Centers 445.934 0.14% 159.706 170.856 37.173 11.692 18.266 25.816 92.948 22.300 0.000 115.247 0.124

Other Services 610.702 0.19% 230.151 259.909 22.447 35.199 5.282 25.956 88.883 26.338 5.421 120.642 0.000

Subtotal 5,528.942 1.75& 1,944.062 1,607.220 769,940 192.885 80.409 537.312 1,580.546 372.041 24.850 1,977.436 0.224

Share Commercials 0.61% 0.51% 0.24% 0.06% 0.03% 0.17% 0.50% 0.12% 0.01% 0.63% 0.00%

Institutions

Schools 22,709.260 7.18% 1,480.228 1,556.991 7,863.138 1,545.415 666.092 2,566.872 12,641.518 7,028.492 0.000 19,670.010 2.031

Health related sources 1,302.996 0.41% 948.363 98.574 37.887 15.822 1.181 16.447 71.338 184.721 0.000 256.059 0.000

Office 2,979.830 0.94% 251.401 1,776.141 49.517 175.200 67.102 290.982 582.801 369.487 0.000 952.288 0.000

Subtotal 26,992.086 8.53% 2,679.991 3,431.706 7,950.543 1,736.437 734.375 2,874.302 13,295.657 7,582.701 0.000 20,878.358 2.031

Share Institutional 0.85% 1.08% 2.51% 0.55% 0.23% 0.91% 4.20% 2.40% 0.00% 6.60% 0.00%

Total Non Residential 32,521.028 10.28% 4,624.053 5,038.926 8,720.482 1,929.322 814.785 3.411.613 14,876.202 7,954.742 24.850 22,855.794 2.255

Share Non HH 1.46% 1.59% 0.028 0.61% 0.26% 1.08% 4.70% 2.51% 0.01% 7.23% 0.00%

Over-all Total 316,314.645 100.00% 115,832.629 63,294.265 8,720.482 2,038.396 1,637.266 28,431.314 40,944.739 88,257.684 7,927.146 137,129.569 58.181

%Share HH & Non HH 36.62% 20.01% 7,863.166 0.64% 0.52% 8.99% 12.94% 27.90% 2.51% 43.35% 0.02%

Source : City Environment and Natural Resources Office



Table 5-2 and Figure 5-1 shows the Waste Analysis Characterization Study (WACS) conducted by City

Environment and Natural Resources Office in 2014. 36.62% are biodegradable, 20.01% are

recyclable, 43.35% residual waste, and 0.002% special waste/bulbs, face masks, gloves, etc...

0%

37%

43%

20%

Special Waste Biodegradable Residual Recyclable

Figure 5-1



Table 5-3 PROJECTED ANNUAL WASTE GENERATION

BIODEGRADABLE, RECYCLABLE, RESIDUAL AND SPECIAL WASTE (2012 to 2014) (in metric tons)

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum Daily Annum

Angeles City 203.566 74,301.668 208.391 76,062.630 213.329 77,865.038 218.387 79,711.162 223.560 81,599.350 228.859 83,533.522 234.284 85,513.676 239.836 87,540.019 245.521 89,615.027

Agapito Del Rosario

1.752 639.637 1.794 654.690 1.836 670.155 1.880 686.033 1.924 702.323 1.970 719.025 2.017 736.140 2.064 753.461 2.113 771.400

Amsic 4.281 1,562.596 4.383 1,599.712 4.486 1,637.447 4.593 1,676.419 4.701 1,716.010 4.813 1,756.838 4.927 1,798.285 5.044 1,840.968 5.164 1,884.683

Anunas 5.902 2,154.189 6.041 2,205.120 6.185 2,257.496 6.331 2,310.902 6.482 2,365.751 6.635 2,421.838 6.792 2,479.162 6.953 2,537.930 7.118 2,598.141

Balibago 21.771 7,946.393 22.287 8,134.655 22.815 8,327.453 23.356 8,524.788 23.909 8,726.866 24.476 8,933.686 25.056 9,145.455 25.650 9,362.173 26.258 9,584.046

Capaya 5.518 2,013.971 5.648 2,061.604 5.782 2,110.474 5.919 2,160.581 6.060 2,211.719 6.203 2,264.094 6.350 2,317.913 6.501 2,372.762 6.655 2,429.055

Claro M. Recto

3.797 1,385.881 3.887 1,418.667 3.979 1,452.278 4.073 1,486.714 4.170 1,521.974 4.269 1,558.060 4.370 1,594.970 4.473 1,632.705 4.579 1,671.470

Cuayan 2.695 983.582 2.759 1,007.089 2.824 1,030.802 2.891 1,055.340 2.960 1,080.290 3.030 1,105.859 3.101 1,132.047 3.175 1,158.853 3.251 1,186.484

Cutcut 14.608 5,331.756 14.954 5,458.157 15.308 5,587.446 15.671 5,719.827 16.042 5,855.508 16.423 5,994.282 16.812 6,136.355 17.210 6,281.727 17.618 6,430.604

Cutud 3.485 1,272.058 3.568 1,302.163 3.652 1,333.094 3.739 1,364.642 3.827 1,397.016 3.918 1,430.215 4.011 1,464.032 4.106 1,498.674 4.204 1,534.346

Lordes North West

7.758 2,831.767 7.942 2,898.989 8.131 2,967.654 8.323 3,037.969 8.520 3,109.933 8.723 3,183.753 8.929 3,259.223 9.141 3,336.343 9.358 3,415.524

Lourdes Sur 3.476 1,268.759 3.559 1,298.864 3.643 1,329.588 3.729 1,361.137 3.818 1,393.511 3.908 1,426.503 4.001 1,460.320 4.096 1,494.962 4.192 1,530.222

Lourdes Sur East

3.949 1,441.349 4.043 1,475.579 4.138 1,510.427 4.236 1,546.306 4.336 1,582.804 4.439 1,620.332 4.545 1,658.892 4.652 1,698.071 4.762 1,738.280

Malabanias 15.275 5,575.280 15.637 5,707.455 16.007 5,842.723 16.387 5,981.085 16.775 6,122.951 17.172 6,267.911 17.580 6,416.583 17.996 6,568.553 18.423 6,724.235

Margot 2.306 841.715 2.361 861.717 2.417 882.131 2.474 903.163 2.533 924.402 2.593 946.466 2.654 968.735 2.717 991.830 2.782 1,015.337

Mining 1.459 532.413 1.493 544.991 1.528 557.775 1.565 571.179 1.602 584.582 1.639 598.397 1.678 612.625 1.719 627.265 1.759 642.112



Ninoy Aquino 8.638 3,152.823 8.842 3,227.468 9.052 3,303.969 9.267 3,382.326 9.486 3,462.538 9.711 3,544.606 9.941 3,628.530 10.177 3,714.516 10.418 3,802.564

Pampang 8.507 3,104.984 8.708 3,178.598 8.915 3,254.068 9.127 3,331.187 9.342 3,409.957 9.564 3,490.788 9.791 3,573.681 10.023 3,658.223 10.260 3,745.034

Pandan 9.316 3,400.471 9.537 3,481.096 9.763 3,563.577 9.995 3,648.119 10.232 3,734.518 10.474 3,822.978 10.722 3,913.501 10.976 4,006.292 11.237 4,101.351

Pulung Maragul

7.978 2,911.980 8.167 2,980.851 8.360 3,051.578 8.559 3,123.955 8.762 3,197.981 8.969 3,273.657 9.182 3,351.395 9.399 3,430.783 9.622 3,512.026

Pulung Bulu 7.963 2,906.618 8.152 2,975.490 8.345 3,046.011 8.543 3,118.181 8.745 3,192.001 8.953 3,267.677 9.165 3,345.209 9.382 3,424.391 9.604 3,505.634

Pulung Cacutud

12.346 4,506.124 12.638 4,612.937 12.938 4,722.224 13.244 4,834.191 13.558 4,948.633 13.879 5,065.962 14.209 5,186.177 14.545 5,309.074 14.890 5,434.857

Salapungan 4.176 1,524.243 4.275 1,560.328 4.376 1,597.238 4.480 1,635.179 4.586 1,673.945 4.695 1,713.536 4.806 1,754.157 4.920 1,795.810 5.036 1,838.288

San Jose 4.036 1,473.311 4.133 1,508.365 4.230 1,544.038 4.331 1,580.742 4.433 1,618.064 4.538 1,656.418 4.646 1,695.802 4.756 1,736.012 4.869 1,777.046

San Nicolas 1.960 715.313 2.007 732.428 2.054 749.749 2.103 767.483 2.152 785.628 2.203 804.186 2.256 823.363 2.309 842.952 2.364 862.748

Sta. Teresita 6.032 2,201.821 6.176 2,254.196 6.322 2,307.603 6.472 2,362.246 6.625 2,418.127 6.782 2,475.451 6.943 2,534.218 7.107 2,594.223 7.276 2,655.671

Sta. Trinidad 3.346 1,221.332 3.425 1,250.201 3.507 1,279.894 3.590 1,310.205 3.675 1,341.342 3.762 1,373.097 3.851 1,405.470 3.942 1,438.875 4.035 1,472.898

Sto. Cristo 3.039 1,109.365 3.112 1,135.759 3.185 1,162.565 3.261 1,190.196 3.338 1,218.445 3.417 1,247.314 3.498 1,276.801 3.581 1,307.112 3.666 1,338.042

Sto. Domingo 10.628 3,879.065 10.879 3,970.825 11.137 4,065.059 11.401 4,161.355 11.671 4,259.920 11.948 4,360.958 12.231 4,464.266 12.521 4,570.047 12.818 4,678.509

Sto. Rosario 2.015 735.315 2.062 752.636 2.111 770.576 2.161 788.927 2.212 807.486 2.265 826.662 2.318 846.252 2.373 866.253 2.430 886.873

Sapalibutad 5.442 1,986.340 5.571 2,033.354 5.703 2,081.606 5.838 2,130.888 5.976 2,181.407 6.118 2,233.164 6.263 2,285.951 6.411 2,340.182 6.563 2,395.651

Sapangbato 6.362 2,322.243 6.513 2,377.299 6.667 2,433.592 6.826 2,491.328 6.987 2,550.302 7.153 2,610.719 7.322 2,672.579 7.496 2,736.090 7.674 2,800.837

Tabun 2.646 965.642 2.708 988.531 2.773 1,012.038 2.838 1,035.957 2.905 1,060.495 2.974 1,085.652 3.045 1,111.427 3.117 1,137.614 3.191 1,164.627

Virgen Delos Remedios

1.105 403.330 1.131 412.816 1.158 422.713 1.185 432.611 1.213 442.921 1.242 453.437 1.272 464.160 1.302 475.295 1.333 486.430

Source: City Environment and Natural Resources Office



Table 5-4 Comparative Table of Volume of Solid Waste Entering the Transfer Station (2012 – 2015)

Month

Total Waste entered at the Central Transfer Station (in Cubic meter/m3)

2012

2013

2014 2015

January 15,719.845 16,655.782 12,975.563 17,288.510

February 15,242.203 14,976.111 11,684.956 10,815.640

March 16,707.483 14,909.210 11,398.840 11,895.170

April 14,769.077 16,924.141 10,967.706 9,582.380

May 16,350.135 17,060.090 12,050.545 14,370.940

June 15,831.499 15,494.890 12,649.306 12,040.820

July 14,684.170 16,325.559 11,364.306 11,586.120

August 14,479.032 16,849.459 10,685.498 11,490.060

September 14,216.940 14,926.734 10,723.298 11,670.280

October 15,860.387 15,529.200 11,916.353 13,545.530

November 14,603.406 13,513.533 5,785.947 9,509.120

December 16,607.622 14,107.128 4,916.516 10,332.740

Total 185,071.803 187,271.835 127,118.707 141,127.310

Source: City Environment and Natural Resources Office

Table 5-4 shows the comparative volume of solid waste entering the transfer station. Last March

2014, the City Solid Waste Management Board (CSWMB) started the waste segregation campaign

and the schedule of waste collection for biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

The City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) continues its Information Education

Campaign (IEC) through focus group discussion and house to house campaign, distribution of

environmental reading materials and posting of anti littering ads.

CENRO has 66 permanent employees, 55 casual employees and 180 job order employees. It has six

(6) dump trucks, one (1) D6R Bulldozer, one (1) Payloader, one (1) Compactor, two (2) Hooklifts,

one (1) Hammermill, one(1 Pick-up and four (4) Motorcycles with sidecar used for garbage

collection. Frequency of garbage collection is 24/7, three (3) shifts a day.

5.3. Watershed Rehabilitation, Protection and Management

Angeles City has an approximate 619.809 hectares of land in the Clark Military Reservation. The

built-up area which is the barangay proper of Sapangbato occupies approximately 43.722 has. and

the rest are forest reserve with an approximate area of 576.087 has. which are now under the

jurisdiction of the Clark Development Corporation (CDC) pursuant to Republic Act No. 7227. This

area (forest reserve) has the potential to be an eco-tourism and watershed reserve.



Some areas are still predominantly vegetated by trees and shrubs while some are open areas and/or

vegetated by grass. The City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) had identified sites

for reforestation. These sites are Sitio Target, Sitio Kalang, Sitio Dudurot and Sapang Ebus.

5.4. Air Quality Preservation

Republic Act No. 8749 - The Clean Air Act of 1999, focuses primarily on pollution prevention rather

than on control by encouraging cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries. It

also enforces a system of accountability for adverse environmental impacts to heighten compliance

to government environmental regulations.

To curb air pollution from motor vehicles, the Clean Air Act requires smoke emission test prior to

renewal of registration. Private emission testing centers were established in various parts of the

country to provide testing services to public transport vehicle and private-owned vehicles.

The city government, through the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), conducts

continuous Information Education and Communication (IEC) on Clean Air Act to drivers and

operators of public utility jeepneys and organized an Anti-Smoke Belching Unit. It also conducts

consultative meetings on air quality management for the formulation of the Clean Air Ordinance

including its framework.

City Ordinance No. 302, Series 2011 - An Ordinance Codifying the Environmental Related Ordinance

of the City, Chapter 5, Air/Noise Pollution Management, Art. C, Sec. 5C-03, states that the city

government shall implement an air quality control action by regulating the tricycles for hire

presently holding franchises from the Sangguniang Panlungsod using the carbureted two-stroke

engines to be retrofitted with Direct Injection Technology or be converted into the LPG conversion

technology or to use either technology that is acceptable to the city preferably accredited by

concerned national agencies.

5.5. Disaster Risk Reduction Management, Climate Change and Global Warming

Climate Change is one of the most serious challenges ever to confront humanity. Its adverse impacts

are already seen and may intensify exponentially over time if nothing is done to reduce further

emissions.

In 2001, the scientific community released to the world a united view that the threats of global

warming and climate change are real. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) even

released official figures on how much planet Earth warms each year. Based on hard scientific facts, it

was estimated that the average global surface temperature will increase from 1.4 - 5.8 degree



Celsius between 1990 to 2100. Evidences suggest that for every one (1) degree Celsius increase in

temperature, there would be about 20.40 centimeter rise in sea level due to the melting of ice in the

Polar Regions. Thus, we can expect to experience about 1.2 – 2.4 meter-rise in sea level for the next

100 years.

The integrated DRR+CCAM Action Plan for Angeles was prepared to reinforce and highlight the

disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures already incorporated

in the Angeles City Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), 2010 – 2020 and the Comprehensive

Development Plan (CDP), 2010 – 2016.

The DRRM Action Plan of Angeles City will generally follow the national DRRM framework and shall

contain the following major components:

1. Prevention and Mitigation – programs, projects and activities (PPAs) that will reduce the

vulnerability and exposure of communities to hydrometeorologic and geologic hazards will

be implemented, and to enhance the capacities of communities to reduce their own risks

and cope with the impacts of these hazards.

2. Disaster Preparedness – PPAs that will strengthen the capacities of communities to

anticipate, cope and recover from the adverse impacts of emergency occurrences and

disasters will be implemented.

3. Disaster Response – PPAs will be implemented to decrease the number of preventable

deaths and injuries, provide basic subsistence needs of affected population and immensely

restore basic social services.

4. Rehabilitation and Recovery – PPAs will be implemented to restore and improve facilities,

livelihood and living conditions and organizational capacities of affected communities.

The CCAM action plan of Angeles City will generally follow the National Climate Change Action Plan

(NCCAP) with major components and strategic priorities briefly described below:

1. Food Security – The food security of the city will be achieved by protecting its remaining

agricultural lands from conversion according to the principle of highest and best use of land.

Maximize all idle lands and open lots and transform the same into productive vegetable garden.

Encourage urban greening programs in communities, schools and subdivision.

2. Water Sufficiency – The city will adopt integrated water resources management in watersheds

and river basins; will refrain from utilizing groundwater beyond the rate of replenishment and will

promote the use of surface bulk water.



3. Ecosystem and Environmental Stability – PPAs will be implemented to rehabilitate and protect

ecosystems and restore the ecological services they provide. The city government had sustained

tree planting activities along river banks and watershed areas.

4. Human Security – Angeles City will develop Climate Change-adaptive settlements and provide

health and social delivery systems responsive to climate change.

5. Climate Smart Industries and Services – Angeles City will support climate-smart industries and

services to generate sustainable livelihood.

6. Sustainable Energy – The city will promote energy efficiency and conservation measures,

environmentally-sustainable transport system including climate-proofed infrastructure facilities.

7. Knowledge and Capacity Development – The city will implement PPAs that will improve the

knowledge and understanding of the community on climate change and the measures on how to

adapt to it.

5.5-1 Vulnerability Assessment for Angeles City

In May 2012, the provincial government of Pampanga, in cooperation with the National Economic

and Development Authority (NEDA) and the Australian Agency for International Development

(AusAID), came up with the study entitled: “Province of Pampanga Vulnerability Assessment Report

– Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change Adaptation in Local Development Planning

and Decision-Making Processes”.

Based on the flood hazard susceptibility assessment (Figure 5-2), Angeles city is one of the areas in

the province of Pampanga with low susceptibility to flooding primarily due to its topography. Areas

susceptible to flooding are those near the creeks and other water channels.

Figure 5-2 Flood Hazard Map of Angeles City



Intense ground shaking with Intensity VII on the Richter Scale was felt in Pampanga during the great

North Luzon Earthquake in July 1990 as recorded by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and

Seismology (PHILVOLCS). Areas within the vicinity of the epicenter in Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

experienced Intensity VIII ground movement. The areas in Pampanga vulnerable to Intensity VIII

ground shaking based on the Rapid Earthquake Damage assessment System (REDAS) computer

model of PHIVOLCS include Angeles City, Arayat, Bacolor, Guagua and Floridablanca among others.

(Figure 5-3)

In areas where ground water is shallow and the ground is made up of poorly consolidated materials,

intense ground shaking due to earthquake triggers the ground to liquefy and weaken its ability to

support structures like houses, buildings, utilities, roads and the like. Liquefaction is a phenomenon

in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.

Angeles City is included in the group with low susceptibility to liquefaction. (Figure 5-4)

Based on the hazard map prepared by the Mines and Geo0Sciences Bureau of the Department of

environment and natural Resources, the municipalities in Pampanga that are highly susceptible to

earthquake-induced landslides are those located in the mountainous areas of Arayat, Porac,

Floridablanca, Mabalacat and Angeles City. (Figure 5-5).

FIGURE 5.3 PRELIMINARY GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP OF PAMPANGA



FIGURE 5.4 LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MAP OF ANGELES

FIGURE 5.5 EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAP OF ANGELES

5.6 Environmentally Constrained Areas

Environmentally constrained areas are areas prone to natural hazards. River bank erosion, lahar flow

and flooding are some of the hazards the city has to deal with.

River Bank Erosion - Angeles City is predominantly sandy, river bank erosion along Abacan River

continue to threaten existing settlements and potential urban expansion areas. Bank erosion in

Abacan River is from Anunas (Friendship Bridge) in the west and all the way to the east in its

boundary with Mexico, Pampanga. The absence of bank protection works hastens riverbank erosion

contributing in reducing the availability of land in Angeles.



The Task Force 1M Trees planted bamboos along the river banks and forged partnerships and

collaborative efforts with NGOs and the academe in sustaining the planted bamboos.

For the city’s long term project, identified in the Local Development Investment Program, is The

Comprehensive Development of Abacan River. Applicable portions of Abacan River will be reclaimed

and transformed into a highway, linear park and commercial Planned Unit Developments (PUDs).

Informal Settlers along Water Channels - Being a Highly Urbanized City, in-migration in Angeles City

still continues. As such, colonies of informal settlements in the city can now be found even in high

risk areas such as river banks.

As of 2015 data obtained from LUPAHO, a total of 1,666 informal settlers dwell along the river banks

of Abacan River from the barangays of Amsic, Anunas, Malabanias, Margot, Ninoy Aquino, Pampang,

Sta. Teresita, Sapangbato, and Tabun.

As such, the city has to prepare its informal settlements relocation plan so that it can accordingly

address this particular concern. In 2014, The National Housing Authority initially provided five

hundred (500) units worth P120M for five hundred (500) beneficiaries located at Barangay

Sapalibutad, Angeles City.

Documents

Chapter 5: Environment Management - Angelesangelescity.gov.ph/government/files/aep_c5.pdf · Chapter 5: Environment Management Area Ecological Profile 2015 Page 129 ... barangay officials/tanods