Chapter 49: Nervous Chapter 49: Nervous SystemsSystems

Miranda Darling

Overview: Command Overview: Command and Control Centerand Control Center

Brain is more complex than supercomputerNew technologies allow us to map brain activity in

action

Concept 49.1: Nervous systems Concept 49.1: Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons consist of circuits of neurons

and supporting cellsand supporting cells

Nervous systems relay information within the body

Nervous system evolved billions of years ago when ability to detect and react to environment in

prokaryotes aided enhanced survival

Concept 49.2: The Concept 49.2: The vertebrate brain is vertebrate brain is

regionally specializedregionally specialized

During embryonic development too many

neurons are present and they undergo apoptosis to form specialized regions and the brain goes from smooth to

convoluted

Concept 49.2: The Concept 49.2: The vertebrate brain is vertebrate brain is

regionally specializedregionally specialized

Gray matter is layered over white matter.

White matter is myelinated. Gray

matter is not

Concept 49.2: The Concept 49.2: The vertebrate brain is vertebrate brain is

regionally specializedregionally specializedEach region regulates specific

functions although there is overlap among

different regions and information

gets integrated.

Concept 49.3: The cerebral Concept 49.3: The cerebral cortex controls voluntary cortex controls voluntary movement and cognitive movement and cognitive

functionsfunctionsThe cerebral cortex is the

highly convoluted

outer layer of the brain that is involved in

higher thinking such as

creativity, memory, and

learning

Concept 49.4: Changes in synaptic Concept 49.4: Changes in synaptic connections underlie memory and connections underlie memory and

learninglearningChanges in synapses

such as gain or loss or change in signal strength cause

changes in memory and learning.

Short term memory is formed

in hippocampusLong term

memory is formed in cerebrum

Concept 49.5: Nervous system Concept 49.5: Nervous system disorders can be explained in disorders can be explained in

molecular termsmolecular termsDisorders such as Alzheimer’s,

Schizophrenia, and Bipolar disorders can be explained on the molecular level and

usually have to do with faulty neurotransmitters

Stem cells present in adult brain offer treatment

options through induction of differentiation of

transplantation of cultured stem cells

Sources PageSources Page

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:gzHOr7ZXKaYJ:www.uta.edu/biology/watson/lab/1442%2520Structure%2520and%2520Function%2520of%2520Organisms/Lecture%2520Notes/Chapter%252049.pdf+chapter+49+nervous+systems+powerpoint&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi3bT651zdfmMqxwb7ZEOJvhj5jtgAA7DbiWi4wPv6N-M6hBoWKl-IFr-0BAB8_bYxgfawm2VWqXENCu7viWwUHyJojJ79F7stkcOEJNsukE6Mj25_Hbk2HuN_ii8QDv4ETC83H&sig=AHIEtbSYoCyh3r1m4L5QPEGNvbrVG-nyBw

Google images

Myself