Chapter 4 Section Chapter 4 Section 33Mr. LoveMr. Love

US HISUS HIS

The Opposing SidesThe Opposing Sides

General Howe was the commander of the well General Howe was the commander of the well trained British Army.trained British Army.

The Continental Army was inexperienced, The Continental Army was inexperienced, poorly equiped, and had difficulty keeping poorly equiped, and had difficulty keeping soldiers.soldiers.

The Continental Congress lacked the power to The Continental Congress lacked the power to tax, so it had a difficult time paying for the war.tax, so it had a difficult time paying for the war.

A wealthy Pennsylvania merchant, Robert A wealthy Pennsylvania merchant, Robert Morris, pledged big bucks to the war effort.Morris, pledged big bucks to the war effort.

The Opposing SidesThe Opposing Sides

The British forces had to fight the Continental The British forces had to fight the Continental Army and local militias. Army and local militias.

These militias often used guerilla warfare, in These militias often used guerilla warfare, in which they hid among trees and behind walls which they hid among trees and behind walls and then ambushed the British troops.and then ambushed the British troops.

The British needed to win the war quickly or The British needed to win the war quickly or opinion in Parliament might shift to oppose the opinion in Parliament might shift to oppose the war. The United States did not have to defeat war. The United States did not have to defeat the Britain but only survive until the British the Britain but only survive until the British became tired of paying for the war.became tired of paying for the war.

The Northern CampaignThe Northern Campaign

In order to win, the British needed to In order to win, the British needed to convince the colonists it was safe to convince the colonists it was safe to surrender. Two part strategy:surrender. Two part strategy: Massive military to intimidateMassive military to intimidate Invite members of the CC to peace talks. Invite members of the CC to peace talks.

(he only asked for surrender in these talks)(he only asked for surrender in these talks)

The Northern CampaginThe Northern Campagin

GW’s troops – inexperiencedGW’s troops – inexperienced GW’s troops ran from New York when the GW’s troops ran from New York when the

British landed. Allowed AM. Troops to escape. British landed. Allowed AM. Troops to escape. NY is British base for rest of war.NY is British base for rest of war.

British force GW and troops to retreat at the British force GW and troops to retreat at the Battle of White Plains in 10/1776.Battle of White Plains in 10/1776.

GW (that sneaky fella) planned two unexpected GW (that sneaky fella) planned two unexpected winter attacks and won. He then hid in the hills winter attacks and won. He then hid in the hills of northern NJ for the winter.of northern NJ for the winter.

The Northern CampaginThe Northern Campagin

The British plan developed by General The British plan developed by General Burgoyne was to isolate New England Burgoyne was to isolate New England from other Am. States. Initially from other Am. States. Initially unsuccessful.unsuccessful.

In 9/11/77 British Gen. Howe defeats GW In 9/11/77 British Gen. Howe defeats GW at Brandywine Creek and captures Philly. at Brandywine Creek and captures Philly. The CC escapes. The Con Army The CC escapes. The Con Army continues to camp at Valley Forge for the continues to camp at Valley Forge for the winter.winter.

The Northern CampaginThe Northern Campagin

The troops need training. Marquis de The troops need training. Marquis de Lafayette (France) and Baron Friedrich Lafayette (France) and Baron Friedrich Von Steuban (Prussia), helped to train Von Steuban (Prussia), helped to train troops.troops.

Turning point of war – Battle of Saratoga. Turning point of war – Battle of Saratoga. AM. Soldiers defeat the British and take AM. Soldiers defeat the British and take 5000 prisoners. France comes on the 5000 prisoners. France comes on the side of the Americans. Why did they wait side of the Americans. Why did they wait so long? Why is it important? so long? Why is it important?

The War in the WestThe War in the West

The British in the West surrendered to The British in the West surrendered to George Rogers Clark, giving the US George Rogers Clark, giving the US control of region.control of region.

British gain alliance with Iroquois.British gain alliance with Iroquois. Am. Forces defeat the British and Am. Forces defeat the British and

Iroquois in W. New York. (destroys Iroquois in W. New York. (destroys Iroquois. Iroquois.

The War at SeaThe War at Sea

Am. Warships attacked the British merchant Am. Warships attacked the British merchant ships to disrupt trade. Letters of Marque, or ships to disrupt trade. Letters of Marque, or licenses for private ship owners to attack licenses for private ship owners to attack British ships were used. Hurt Britain’s trade British ships were used. Hurt Britain’s trade and economy.and economy.

British people are growing tired of this war.British people are growing tired of this war. American naval officer, John Paul Jones, was American naval officer, John Paul Jones, was

involved in the most famous naval batte of war. involved in the most famous naval batte of war. Jones’s ship was sinking so he attached it to Jones’s ship was sinking so he attached it to the British ship and boarded. US wins after a the British ship and boarded. US wins after a three hour battle.three hour battle.

The Southern CampaignThe Southern Campaign

After Saratoga, the British focuses on the After Saratoga, the British focuses on the South where they felt they had the most loyalty. South where they felt they had the most loyalty.

In 12/78, British troops capture Georgia.In 12/78, British troops capture Georgia. British then take Charleston, SC. Huge defeat. British then take Charleston, SC. Huge defeat.

Gen Cornwallis takes over for British. Gen Cornwallis takes over for British. Loyalists troops used brutal tactics in the App Loyalists troops used brutal tactics in the App

mountain area. Am militias fought and won at mountain area. Am militias fought and won at the Battle of Kings Mountain.the Battle of Kings Mountain.

Guerrilla forces began to stage attacks in the Guerrilla forces began to stage attacks in the south led by Francis “Swamp Fox” Marion.south led by Francis “Swamp Fox” Marion.

The War is WonThe War is Won

IN the spring of 1781, the British invaded Virginia, IN the spring of 1781, the British invaded Virginia, hoping to keep control of the South. British Gen hoping to keep control of the South. British Gen Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold attacks Virginia. Am. Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold attacks Virginia. Am. Force them to retreat.Force them to retreat.

On 9/28/81, Am and French forces surrounded On 9/28/81, Am and French forces surrounded Yorktown. Less than a month later, British troops Yorktown. Less than a month later, British troops surrendered.surrendered.

IN March of 1782, Parliament voted to begin peace IN March of 1782, Parliament voted to begin peace negotiations. The Treaty of Paris was signed on negotiations. The Treaty of Paris was signed on 9/3/1783. The British recognizes the United States 9/3/1783. The British recognizes the United States with the Miss as the western broder.with the Miss as the western broder.