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organic molecules: chemistry for anatomy & physiology
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Section 4, Chapter 2
Organic Molecules
Monomer portion of a polymer
Atomic Number of Carbon = 6
2 electrons in 1st shell
4 electrons in 2nd shell
Note there are 4 empty spaces in the 2nd shell
Covalent Bonds formed by Carbon
Note there are 4 empty spaces in the 2nd shell
available for covalent bonds.
hydrocarbon
� Large organic molecules, called polymers, consist of repeating subunits, called monomers.
Polymers and Monomers
� Example: Starch is a polysaccharide composed of many glucose molecules (monosaccharides) joined together.
Monosaccharide (simple sugars)Disaccharides (double sugars)
Polysaccharides(complex carbohydrates)
Monomer Polymer
Amino Acids Proteins
4 major organic macromolecules, or polymers and
their corresponding monomers.
Amino Acids Proteins
Fatty Acids + Glycerol Fats**Not truly a polymer
Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
• Simple Carbohydrates = sugars
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides• Disaccharides
• Complex Carbohydrates
• Also called Polysaccharides
• Composed of several simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
• Twice as many Hydrogen as Oxygen atoms
• Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)
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Disaccharides
• 2 monosaccharides bonded together
Polysaccharide
• Built of simple carbohydrates
Starch – easily digested
Cellulose- Plant polysaccharide, indigestible by humans
Glycogen – storage form of energy, synthesized by liver
Examples
Glycogen
Glycerol Molecule
OH (in red) represents sites of fatty acid attachments
Unsaturated fat