American AnthemModern American History

Chapter 4

The Union in Crisis

1850-1877

Copyright © 2009, Mr. EllingtonRuben S. Ayala High School

Columbus statute in

Rhode Island

1. The Nation Splits ApartA: Expansion and Slavery

B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics

C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency

D: The South Secedes

2. The Civil WarA: The Civil War Begins

Chapter 4: The Union in Crisis, 1850-1877

A: The Civil War Begins

B: Life During the Civil War

C: Fighting Continues

D: The Final Phase

3. Rebuilding the SouthA: Presidential Reconstruction

B: Congressional Reconstruction

C: Republicans in Charge

D: Reconstruction Ends

Columbus statute in

Rhode Island

Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart1A: Expansion and Slavery

• Mexican Cession reopened the question of slavery and expansion

• Compromise of 1850 temporarily settled the issue, but Uncle

Tom’s Cabin and Kansas-Nebraska Act fueled sectional tensions

Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart1B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics

• A civil war in Kansas (“Bleeding Kansas”) was caused by a fight over

popular sovereignty and led to two competing state governments

• Democrats won 1856 election by portraying Republicans as radical

• The caning of Senator Sumner, the Dred Scott decision, and John

Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry all moved nation closer to civil war

Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart Section 1C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency

• Lincoln was born in a log cabin in KY in 1809 and eventually

became a successful lawyer and Whig politician from IL

• In 1858, Lincoln ran

unsuccessfully for Stephen

Douglass’ senate seat as a

Republican and engaged in

a series of famous debatesa series of famous debates

• In 1860, Lincoln ran and

won the Presidency on the

Republican Party ticket

Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart Section 1D: South Secedes

• Seven states led by S. Carolina seceded after Lincoln’s election

• The Confederacy chose Jefferson Davis as their leader

• Crittenden Compromise failed and left nation at brink of war

Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2A: The Civil War Begins

• After Fort Sumter battle, 4 more states seceded and 4 chose to stay

• Union Advantages: population, industrialization, political leadership

• Confederate Advantages: defensive war, military leaders, foreign aid

• First Battle of Bull Run showed that war would not be decided quickly

• Antietam was bloodiest battle and a partial Union victory

Reenactment of

Battle of Antietam

Part 2: The Civil War BeginsSection 2B: Life During the Civil War

• Emancipation Proclamation made the war about ending slavery

• Conditions for soldiers and especially POWs were bad

• Many blacks and women served in the war, especially for the North

• Both sides turned to a draft

Nursing during wartime

1863 Draft and anti-black riots in New York City

Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2C: Fighting Continues

• Union blockaded South and cut off exports of cotton

• Monitor vs. Merrimack was first battle of ironclads

• Gettysburg and Vicksburg victories were turning point of the war

• After Chattanooga victory, Lincoln made Grant head of Union army

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Monitor vs. the Merrimack

Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2D: The Final Phase

• Grant relentlessly pursued Lee’s forces incurring heavy losses while

Sherman waged “total war” to break the South’s will to fight

• Lincoln won

reelection in

1864 after

Atlanta was Atlanta was

captured

• Lee

surrendered

at Appomattox

Courthouse in

1865 ending

the Civil War

Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3A: Presidential Reconstruction

• After the war, big questions remained regarding the South

• Lincoln and later Johnson supported a 10% plan for Reconstruction

Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3B: Congressional Reconstruction

• Black Codes and the KKK were used to “redeem” the South

• Johnson’s vetoes led to showdown with Republicans in Congress

• Congress passed 14th amendment and military reconstruction acts

• In 1868, Johnson was impeached and almost removed from office

Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3C: Republicans in Charge

• 15th amendment gave blacks the vote and helped elect Grant in 1868

• Scalawags and carpetbaggers helped Reconstruction in the South

• Freedmen’s Bureau educated many blacks, but most were still forced

into sharecropping, along with many poorer whites

Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3D: Reconstruction Ends

• Time, corruption, ongoing violence, economic depression all soured

many Northerners on Reconstruction

• Disputed election of 1876 was settled by South trading the

presidency for an end to Reconstruction

• Even though Reconstruction failed, it paved way for future changes