CHAPTER 3(2)Hydrology

7/23/2019 CHAPTER 3(2)Hydrology

1/14

3.4 Input Data

3.4.1 General

The major input data and parameters into the PLUMP model are illustrated below.

Input Data and Parameters of PLUMP Model

P

P

Rainfall

Evapotranspiration

Surface Runoff

Intae

Impervious !rea

Pervious !rea

"forest etc.#

Padd$%&ishpond

Pervious !rea

"crop field#

Infiltration

'roundwaterPump Up

Subsurface

"Inter# flow

Richar(e to River

P

Leaa(e to )eep !*uifers

Land Surface* Rainfall [mm/day]

* Ev apotranspiration [mm/day]

* otal !lock Area "#$A$%

* & 'ervious Area

* & (mperv ious Area

* & (rri)ated 'addy field Area

]

* & (rri)ation ater "for 'addy%

* & (rri)ation ater "for ot,er crop%

* & -omestic/(ndustry ater

"'% -epression Stora)e [mm/day]

Surface Soil "op .oisture ank%"'% Soil ype

"Sand Loam 0anto Loam #lay ot,er%

"'% Slope of (nter flo1 [/3]

"'% S oil ,ickness [mm]

"'% 'ermea4ility "k5% of Soil [cm/sec]

"Saturated #onductivity%

"'% Alp,a of 6arverka mp"788%9s p: :ormula

"'% !eta of 6arverkamp"78 8%9s p: :ormula

=EI +)MP Stud$

March 6??5 @857 &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


2/14

"6# Selection of Rainfall 'au(e Stations

The first step of estimation of the sub8basin8bloc mean rainfall is the selection of

the rainfall (au(e stations that will be used as basic data. !ll of the available data

were e3amined for selectin( the representative rainfall (au(es stations b$

considerin( the followin( criteria.

a# The rainfall (au(e station with distance of about 6; m from another stations

shall be selected as the representative rainfall (au(e "this distance is

considered to be sufficient for h$drolo(ical anal$sis in =T+! master plan

stud$ sta(e#.

b# The rainfall (au(e station with lon( record period e3pressl$ from 59:; to

5999

c# The rainfall (au(e station with hi(h accurac$ and continuit$ of data record

-ased on the above criteria2 twent$8si3 "67# rainfall (au(e stations were selected

to estimate the basin mean rainfall of each sub8basin8blocs for the low flow

anal$sis. Aowever2 the observed rainfall data at the ,ono(iri )am is also used

for the estimation of lacin( data. Therefore2 the number of the selected rainfall

station for estimation of lacin( data is twent$8seven "6:#.

&i(ures @.B.5 and @.B.6 shows the location and data availabilit$ of the selected

rainfall (au(in( station for the low flow anal$sis in the -en(awan Solo River

basin. The observed annual rainfall and monthl$ rainfall at each selected rainfallstation are shown in Tables @.B.5 and @.B.6.

&or the other basins "'rindulu8Loro( River in the South coastal area2 Lamon(

River basin and /orth coastal area#2 tree "@# stations were selected in each basin to

estimate the basin mean rainfall.

"The observed dail$ rainfall data at selected stations are attached in )!T! -==>

!nne3 /o. 5 1 A$drolo($#

The total number of available rainfall stations in the -en(awan Solo River basin

and the number of selected stations are shown in followin( table.

/IPP=/ >=EI +)MP Stud$

March 6??5 @85: &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


3/14

Number of Rainfall tations in t!e Ben"a#an olo Ri$er Basin

Upper olo Lo#er olo Madiun %otal

+!C72?:6m6 +!C726:@m6 +!C@2:;;m6 +!C5725??m6

EDIS 9 ;; ;: 565

+DIS 57B ? @ 57:

P-S 6? 6? B

-M' "+DIS# 6; 7 ? @5

-M' B ? 5 ;

)PM! 5 ? ? 5

=thers 5 5 ? 6

%otal 224 &2 '( 3)*

ele+ted tations

for estimation of

missin" data 11 ( ' 2'

for estimation of

basin mean

rainfall 11 ( ' 2'

/otes#

EDIS 1 East Dava Irri(ation Service

+DIS 1 +entral Dava Irri(ation Service

P-S 1 Pro$e -en(awan Solo

-M' 1 -adan Meteorolo(i dan 'eofisia "Meteorolo(ical and 'eoph$sical Service#

PM! 1 )iretorat Pen$elidian Masalah !ir

,bs. -"en+

"@# Estimation of Lacin( Rainfall )ata

The rainfall data missin( period at the selected stations were supplemented b$

means of the correlation anal$sis of monthl$ rainfall records between stations.

&or estimatin( the lac data2 the linear re(ression e*uation is applied b$ assumin(

the re(ression constant e*ual to 4ero as (iven in the followin( e*uation.Rtarget = a * Rbase "@.B.5#

where 1

Rtarget 1 estimated rainfall data at tar(et station

Rbase 1 observed rainfall data at base station

A 1 slope of re(ression e*uation



?

5??

6??

@??

B??

;??

7??

:??

??

? 5?? 6?? @?? B?? ;?? 7?? :??

Base station

%ar"etstation

$ C a 3


4/14

This e*uation is developed on the basis of available monthl$ rainfall recorded at

the tar(et station and the adjacent station as a base as illustrated below. The

adjacent station are selected as the base station b$ considerin( the correlation

coefficient2 the distance with the tar(et station is not e3ceed ;? m2 and the slope

of re(ression e*uation is in the ran(e of ;? F.

The correlation coefficient for each station usin( observed monthl$ rainfall data is

summari4ed in Table @.B.@ and &i( @.B.@2 also the standard error for each station is

shown in Table @.B.B. Table @.B.; shows the estimated re(ression e*uations for

each station.

Estimated annual and monthl$ rainfall after fillin( the missin( data at the selected

6: stations are shown in Tables @.B.7 and @.B.:. "The estimated dail$ rainfall after

fillin( the missin( data at the selected 6: stations also are attached in )!T!

-==> !nne3 /o. 5 1 A$drolo($#

"B# )ouble Mass +urve !nal$sis

If the conditions related to the recordin( of a rainfall (au(e station have a chan(e

durin( the period of record2 inconsistenc$ would arise in the rainfall data of that

station. Some of the common causes for inconsistenc$ of record are

a# shiftin( of a rainfall (au(e to a new location

b# the nei(hborhood of the station under(oin( a mared chan(e

c# chan(e in the ecos$stem

d# occurrence of observational error from a certain date

The checin( for inconsistenc$ of a record is carried out b$ the double8mass curve

anal$sis. This techni*ue plots the accumulated annual rainfall at the test (au(e

a(ainst the avera(e of the correspondin( totals for a (roup of rainfall stations

representin( the basin avera(e as illustrated below. ! chan(e in slope indicates

inconsistenc$ of the rainfall data record for the test (au(e. The rainfall values at

the test (au(e before or be$ond the period of chan(e in slope is corrected b$ usin(

the slope of the lon(er period of records. ! chan(e in slope is taen as si(nificant

onl$ where it persists for more than five $ears.

The correction of rainfall values at station G is

Rcx = Rx * Sc / Sa "@.B.6#

where

Rcx 1 corrected rainfall values at an$ time period at station G

Rx 1 ori(inal recorded rainfall values at an$ time period at station G

Sc 1 corrected slope of the double8mass curve




5/14

Sa 1 ori(inal slope of the mass curve

The estimated rainfall records were evaluated b$ the double mass curve anal$sis

in view of data consistenc$. &i(ures @.B.B illustrate the anal$sis results.

";# Sub8-asin "-loc# Mean Rainfall

!s discussed in section earlier in this chapter2 the basin is divided into a number of

blocs for modelin( of low flow anal$sis. &or this purpose2 bloc mean rainfall is

needed as input data for the simulation.

To convert point rainfall values at each stations into an avera(e values over the

blocs2 the Thiessen pol$(on method is applied. In this method the rainfall

recorded at each station is (iven a wei(ht on the basis of an area closest to the

station.

The Thiessen coefficient for each sub8basin8blocs is presented in Table @.B. and

the Thiessen pol$(on is shown on &i(. @.B.;.

Monthl$ rainfall records after fillin( the missin( data at the selected 6: stations

are shown in Table @.B.9. Table @.B.5? summari4ed the estimated annual and

monthl$ basin mean rainfall "avera(ed 59:;85999# of each sub8basin8bloc.

3.4.3 /$apotranspiration

"5# !pproach

&or the low flow anal$sis2 the 0modified Penman method0 is applied for the

calculation of evapotranspiration "usin( observed climetaorolo(ical data such as

temperature2 humidit$2 wind speed2 sunshine duration or radiation etc.#. The basin

evapotraspiration is calculated separatel$ as followin( three "@# ind of land uses.

a# Padd$ field and fishpond area

b# Pervious area

"forest2 farm field2 (rass land2 etc.#

c# Impervious area

"roof of house2 buildin(s2 road2 parin( space2 etc. in the urbani4ed area#

"6# Selection of Meteorolo(ical Station

!s shown in Table @.B.55 "list of meteorolo(ical station#2 there is several

meteorolo(ical station in the stud$. &or the purpose of low flow anal$sis2

followin( three "@# meteorolo(ical station were selected .


March 6??5 @86? &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


6/14

ele+ted Meteolo"i+al tation in t!e Ben"a#an olo Ri$er Basin

/o. +ode -asin /ame of =peratin( Lon(itude Latitude Elevation Recorded =bserved Items

/o.St. Station !(enc$ East South "m# Perio d R Ta RA Pv Ev ,v Sd Sr

5 ;. US Pabelan P-S 55?=

B;H :=

@BH 5?7 59:@ 8 5999 = = = = = : ="Suraarta#

6 55. LS -ojone(oro P-S 555

=

;@H :

=

55H 5B 59:@ 8 5999 = = = ? = = 3 3

@ :. M) Diwan% Madiun P-S 55?=

69H :=

@:H 7: 59:@ 8 5999 = = = ; = 9@ 3 3

/ote 1 US 1 Upper Solo2 LS1 Lower Solo2 M)1 Madiun River basin

P-S 1 Pro$e -en(awan Solo

R1 Rainfall2 Pv1 !ir vapor Pressure2 Ta1 !ir Temperature2 RA1 Related Aumidit$2 Ev1Pan Evaporation2 ,v1 ,ind Jelocit$2

Sd1 Sunshine )uration2 Sr1 Solar Radiation2 0=01 =bservin(2 0:;01 Stop obs. $ear2 0301 /ot observed

"@# Estimation of Evapotranspiration

Evapotraspiration is the combination of evaporation form soil surface and

transpiration from ve(etation. In this stud$2 the evapotranspiration include

evaporation from open water surface "i.e. water surface of reservoir2 river2 pond2

fishpond2 and rainwater retention at surface of impervious area#.

!s mentioned2 it is impossible to measure the evapotraspiration from the river

basin directl$. Therefore2 several methods to estimated the evapotraspiration were

proposed "e.(. usin( pan evaporation data2 Thornthwaite2 Penman method2 etc.#.

In the -en(awan Solo River -asin2 it is available to (et the evaporation data

measured b$ evaporation pans in several meteorolo(ical stations. Aowever2 the

measurement of evaporation usin( a class 0!0 pan2 or similar2 is difficult2

especiall$ durin( the wet season2 due to the intensit$ of thunderstorm rainfall.

)eduction of rainfall recorded nearb$ will sometimes $ield meanin(less

evaporation results because the amount of rainfall splashin( into or out of the

evaporation tan is not nown. In this environment2 it has been found to (ive

unreliable results.

i# Modified Penman Method

&or areas where measured data on temperature2 humidit$2 wind and sunshine

duration or radiation area available2 an adaptation of the Penman method

"59B# is su((estedK compared to the other method presented2 it is liel$ to

provide the most satisfactor$ results.

The ori(inal Penman "59B# e*uation predicted evaporation losses from an

open water surface "Eo#. E3perimentall$ determined crop coefficients

ran(in( from ?.7 in winter months to ?. in summer months related Eo to

(rass evapotranspiration for the climate in En(land. ThePenman equation

consisted of two terms1 the ener($ "radiation# term and the aerod$namic

"wind and humidit$# term. The relative importance of each term varies with




7/14

climatic conditions. Under calm weather conditions the aerod$namic term is

usuall$ less important than the ener($ term. In such conditions the ori(inal

Penman Eo e*uation usin( a crop coefficient of ?. has been shown to

predictEToclosel$2 not onl$ in cool2 humid re(ions as in En(land but also in

ver$ hot2 and semi8arid re(ions. It is under wind$ conditions and

particularl$ in the more arid re(ions that the aerod$namic term becomes

relativel$ more important and thus errors can result in predictin(ETowhen

usin( ?.Eo.

! sli(htl$ modified Penman equation is su((ested here to determine ETo2

involvin( a revised wind function term. The method uses mean dail$

climatic dataK since da$ and ni(ht time weather conditions considerabl$

affect the level of evapotranspiration2 an adjustment for this is included.

The procedures to calculateEToma$ seem rather complicated. This is due

to the fact that the formula contains components which need to be derived

from measured related climatic data when no direct measurements of needed

variables are available. &or instance2 for places where no direct

measurements of net radiation are available2 these can be obtained from

measured solar radiation2 sunshine duration or cloudiness observations2

to(ether with measured humidit$ and temperature. +omputation techni*ues

and tables are (iven here to facilitate the necessar$ calculations. ! format

for calculation is also (iven1

[ ]#"#"#5" edeaufWRnWcETo += "@.B.@# radiation aerod$namic term term

where

ETo 1 reference crop evapotranspirationin mm%da$

W 1 temperature8related wei(htin( factor

Rn 1 net radiation in e*uivalent evaporation in mm%da$

#"uf 1 wind related function#" edea 1 difference between the saturation vapour pressure at mean

air temperature and the mean actual vapour pressure of the

air2 both in mbar.

c 1 adjustment factor to compensate for the effect of da$ and

ni(ht weather conditions.

To find ETo2 the reference crop evapotranspiration2 ETo needs to be

adjusted for da$ and ni(ht time weather conditions. In line with the

procedure stipulated in Irri(ation and )raina(e Paper 6B2 +rop ,ater




8/14

Re*uirement2 &!= reference crop evapotranspirationshall be referred. "see

Table @.B.56 is shown for the reference of the calculation.

Tables @.B.5@ to @.B.5; show results of estimated monthl$ avera(e reference

crop evapotranspiration"ETo# Nmm%da$O from 59:; to 5999 at the three "@#

meteorolo(ical stations "Upper Solo1 Pabelan%Suraaruta2 Lower Solo1

-ojone(oro2 Madiun1 Diwan%Madiun#.

ii# Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration

The method of the estimation of basin evapotranspiration is shown as follow1

/stimation Met!od of /$apotranspiration for ea+! Land0use

No. lassifi+ation Land0use Met!od of /stimation

5# Padd ield

-rea

Padd$ field and &ishpond if < ETp thenET= 2

if >= ETp thenET=ETp,

whereETp=ETo

6# Per$ious

-rea

&orest2 &arm field2 'rass

land2 etc.

if < ETp thenET= 2

if >= ETp thenET=ETp,

whereETp=ETo * a

@# Imper$ious

-rea

roof of house2 buildin(s2

road2 parin( space2 etc.

in the town or urbani4ed

Ma3imum 1.3Nmm%da$O in rain$8da$.

ifRain 1.3Nmm%da$O thenEv CRain 2

ifRain QC 1.3Nmm%da$O thenEvC1.3Nmm%da$O

/ote#

ET 1 Evapotranspiration from top soil

Ev 1 Evaporation from surface retention at the impervious area.

ETp 1 Potential Evapotranspiration "C Ma3imum Evapotranspiration#

ETo 1 Reference crop evapotranspiration b$ usin( modified Penman method and

observed climated data "referred 0rop Water Requirement! FAO0#.

1 Soil moisture content in the surface soil tana 1 +errection +oefficient for pervious area "a C ?.B ?.: for each month#

Padd field and is!pond area5

The value of potential "ma3imum# evapotranspiration for the padd$ field and

fishpond is same as estimated 0Reference crop evapotranspiration "ETo#0.

ETp(paddy)= ETo "@.B.B#

Per$iousarea5

The value of potential "ma3imum# evapotranspiration for the pervious area is

assumed as follow1

ETp(pervious)= ETo * a "@.B.;#

,here

a 1 monthl$ correction coefficient for the evapotranspiration from

pervious are a(ainstETo

The monthl$ correction coefficient "a# was assumed as follow1


March 6??5 @86@ &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


9/14

Mont!l orre+tion oeffi+ient for Per$ious -re a"ainstETo

Dan. &eb. Mar. !pr. Ma$ Dun. Dul. !u(. Sep. =ct. /ov. )ec. !ve.

a ?.:? ?.:? ?.7; ?.7; ?.7? ?.;? ?.B; ?.B? ?.B? ?.B? ?.;? ?.7 ?.;;

To decide this "a# value2 followin( values are considered.

a# =bserved annual loss "nearl$ e*ual basin evapotranspiration# at several

dischar(e observation stations in the -en(awan Solo River "see Table

@.B.57 of comparison of observed annual basin mean loss and estimated

potential evapotranspiration for pervious area#

b# Monthl$ rainfall and rain$ da$s in the month

The estimated potential evapotranspiration for the padd$ field or fishpondand pervious area are shown in Table @.B.5:.

Imper$iousarea5

&or the impervious area2 the depression stora(e "surface retention# value at a

roof of house or buildin(2 asphalt paved road2 parin( space2 etc. in the

urbani4ed area2 was assumed as 5.? Nmm%da$O in the rain$ da$. This value

"5.? mm%da$ in the urbani4ed area# was measured in the To$o metropolitan

b$ !ndo et.al55.

3.4.4 Land Use

In the PLUMP model2 the sub8basin8bloc is divided into the impervious and

pervious areas as shown below.

The pervious area usuall$ covers the mountainous area2 hill$ area2 forest2

(rassland2 and cultivated area. In these areas2 rainfall is usuall$ absorbed as an

increase of soil moisture. The direct surface runoff occurs when the soil moisture

is saturated. The impervious area "e.(. an urban area# is assumed to (enerate the

direct surface runoff without infiltration.

55 !ndo2 .2 >. Mushiae and . Taahashi "59B#1 0Modellin( of A$drolo(ic Process in the SmallUrbani4ed Aillslope -asin with +omments on the Effects of Urbani4ation02 D. of A$drolo($2 7B.


March 6??5 @86B &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5

Land use

Pervious area

Imperviousarea

5# Padd$ and &ishpond Irri(ation area

6# =ther Pervious area "&orest2 'rass8land2

Polowijo2 Su(arcane2 Rainfed Padd$ &ield2 etc.#

@# Urbani4ed area


10/14

In view of the h$drolo(ical process in the irri(ation areas2 the infiltration process

in the padd$ and fish pond farmin( areas are *uite different from the areas for

polowijo and su(arcane farmin(. In this simulation the irri(ation area for

polowijo and su(arcane farmin( is thus cate(ori4ed in the pervious area with

different soil parameters from those in the padd$ and fish pond farmin( areas.

The area of land use in 599? and 599 is available on the basis of >abupaten%>ota

in the census in both 599? and 599 as shown in Tables @.B.5 and @.B.59. The

estimation of the each land use cate(or$ area b$ sub8basin blocs are described

below. &i(ure @.B.7 shows land use map of the -en(awan Solo River basin.

"5# Padd$ and &ish pond Irri(ation !rea

>abpaten8wise plan and reali4ation of irri(ation area data is available in 599? and

599 as shown in Table @.B.6?. The irri(ation area is usuall$ varies accordin( to

the schedule of croppin( pattern hi(hl$ dependin( on the available water.

The area padd$ and fish pond irri(ation was estimated usin( crop intensit$ for the

each crops "padd$2 polowijo and su(arcane# and crop season "MT85 MT8@# from

this actual "reali4ation# irri(ation area data2 and avera(e semi8monthl$ croppin(

pattern of each >abpaten in 599? and 599. The method of the irri(ation area

estimation is follow1

Area"Padd$! %&oc'#= Area"(ross) %&oc'# x "Season! +ab#

,here2

Area"Padd$! %&oc'# 1 Padd$ irri(ation area NhaO "semi8monthl$# b$ sub8basin

bloc

Area"(ross) %&oc'# 1 Total "(ross# irri(ation area NhaO "semi8monthl$# b$

sub8basin bloc "see Table @.B.65 in 599? and 599#

"Season! +ab# 1 +rop intensit$ NFO for padd$ "semi8monthl$# b$

>abpaten "see Table @.B.66#

Tables @.B.6@ and @.B.6B present the estimated padd$ irri(ation area in each sub8

basin bloc on semi8monthl$ basis in 599? and 599.

The total irri(ation areas in the basin have been (raduall$ e3panded since 59:;.

!n e3pansion ratio of the irri(ation areas for padd$ and fish pond farmin( in the

simulation period of 59:;85999 was assumed as follows1


March 6??5 @86; &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


11/14

Land Use

:B :7 : ? 6 B 7 9? 96 9B 97 9

Rear

!re

a"m

6#

imulation Period /6pansion Ratio

59:;8599? Same as the irri(ation areas in 599?

59958599 Linear increase of areas in between 599? and 599

5999 Same as the irri(ation areas in 599

"6# Impervious !rea

The impervious area pro(ressivel$ has e3panded accordin( to urbani4ation. The

impervious area is estimated appl$in( the assumed impervious land rate to the

area of house compound and surroundin(s2 which is available on the basis of

>abupaten%>ota in the census in both 599? and 599. The method of theirri(ation area estimation is follow1

Area"mp! %&oc'#= Area",ouseomp! +ec# x Pec"%&oc'/+ec# x Ratio"mp/,ouse#

,here2

Area"mp! %&oc'# 1 Impervious area NhaO b$ sub8basin bloc

Area",ouseomp! +ec# 1 Aouse +omp. < Surroundin(s area NhaO b$

>echamatan "see Tables @.B.51 599? and @.B.591

599#

Pec"%&oc'/+ec# 1 !rea percenta(e NFO of sub8basin bloc in the each

>echamatan "see Tables @.B.6B and @.B.6;#

Ratio"mp/,ouse# 1 Impervious land ratio NFO in the Aouse +omp. =EI +)MP Stud$



12/14

compound < surroundin(s area compound < surroundin(s area

599585999 Linear increase based on the rate

between 6?F in 599? and @;F in

599

Linear increase based on the rate

between 5?F in 599? and 5;F in

599

Tables @.B.67 and @.B.6: present the estimated impervious area in each sub8basin

bloc on semi8monthl$ basis in 599? and 599.

"@# =ther Pervious !rea

The other pervious area in a sub8basin8bloc is obtained as the remnant area that

both the irri(ation areas for padd$ and fish pond farmin( and the impervious area

are deducted from the catchment area of sub8basin8bloc.

Area"Pervious! %&oc'#= Area"Tota&! %&oc'# - " Area"Padd$! %&oc'# . Area"mp! %&oc'##

,here2

Area"Pervious! %&oc'# 1 =ther pervious area Nm6O "semi8monthl$# b$ sub8basin

bloc

Area"Tota&! %&oc'# 1 Total bloc area Nm6O "constant# b$ sub8basin bloc

Area"Padd$! %&oc'# 1 Padd$ irri(ation area Nm6O "semi8monthl$# b$ sub8

basin bloc

Area"mp! %&oc'# 1 Impervious area Nm6

O "annual$# b$ sub8basin bloc

Tables @.B.6 and @.B.69 present the estimated pervious area in each sub8basin

bloc on semi8monthl$ basis in 599? and 599.

3.4.* ,peration Re+ords of /6istin" Ma8or 9ater uppl a+ilities

!s mentioned earlier2 the observed dischar(es in the -en(awan Solo River basin

have been more or less affected b$ the present%past various water uses in the entire

basin. !(riculture is the main economic activities in the -en(awan Solo River

basin. Irri(ated and rain8fed cultivated lands cover more than ;?F of the basin2appro3imatel$ 7??2??? ha. The irri(ation water use occupies about 97F of the

total water consumption in the basin. =ther water consumption for domestic and

industrial uses is jud(ed to be ne(li(ibl$ small for the model calibration.

There are man$ facilities for irri(ation water suppl$ in the whole basin. ,ater

suppl$ facilities that si(nificantl$ affect the -en(awan Solo River flow are1

a# ,ater suppl$ from the ,ono(iri reservoir "see &i(. 6.5;2 the dail$ ,ono(iri

reservoir outflow#


March 6??5 @86: &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5::.doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o. 5


13/14

b# Intae water from -en(awan Solo mainstream water at the +olo weir "upper

Solo River# and Dati weir "Madiun River#

The ,ono(iri reservoir is the primar$ lar(e stora(e reservoir providin( a stable

irri(ation water suppl$ in the dr$ season. In this respect2 the water release records

of the ,ono(iri reservoir and the intae records at both +olo and Dati weirs were

incorporated in the model as the fi3ed input values in simulation. The available

operation records at these facilities are shown in Table @.B.@? "the detail data are

attached in )!T! -==> !nne3 /o. 5 1 A$drolo($#.

3.4.' Irri"ation 9ater Inta:e

/o intae records are available at the e3istin( irri(ation weirs in tributaries. These

intae water from other facilities were estimated based on the water re*uirement

in the irri(ation service areas.

The water consumption of present%past irri(ation s$stems in the whole river basin

was estimated based on the available irri(ation data "the command area and

croppin( pattern b$ >abupaten# in 599? and 599. This estimation was made

separatel$ b$ the surface irri(ation "intae from tributar$ rivers2 main river b$

weir#2 pumpin(8up irri(ation from the river and canal2 and the (roundwater

irri(ation with conjunctive use of the surface water.

! total irri(ation area "padd$2 polowijo2 su(arcane2 fish pond# of @:9267? ha in the

-en(awan Solo River basin in 599 was allocated to the respective sub8basin8

bloc. Then the total water re*uirement in each sub8basin8bloc was estimated

based on the croppin( pattern of each >abupaten.

Estimated irri(ation water re*uirement b$ each water intae facilities b$ sub8

bason bloc and each crop "padd$2 polowijo2 su(arcane and fishpond# are shown

followin( Table numbers.

Table @.B.@5 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from Tributar$ River "599?#

Table @.B.@6 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from Main River ",eir# "599?#

Table @.B.@@ 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from Tributar$ Rivers "599#

Table @.B.@B 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from Main River ",eir# "599#

Table @.B.@; 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from Main River "Pump# "599#

Table @.B.@7 1 Estimated Irri(ation ,.R. from 'round ,ater "599#

Tables @.B.@: to @.B.B? present the estimated total water re*uirement for padd$

and fishpond2 for polowijo and su(arcane in each sub8basin8bloc on semi8

monthl$ basis in 599? and 5992 respectivel$.




14/14

3.4.) %opo"rap!i+ Data

&or the PLUMP model input data2 followin( topo(raphic data are re*uired for

calculation of a (roundwater flow.

5# ,idth NmO of the sub8basin bloc "len(th of contact line with below '.,.bloc#

6# )istance NmO to below '.,. bloc

These topo(raphic input data were decided based on 5%;?2??? topo(raphic map

"the 59B?Hs )utch map and the earl$ 597?Hs U.S. !rm$ map#.

',L6 NEl. mO

,idth NmO

',L5 NEl. mO

Ima"e of Ground#ater %an:

Aead C h%6

C "',L58',L6#5%6

Blo+:01

G9 %an:Blo+:02

G9 %an:

)istance NmO


March 6??5 @869 &I/!L REP=RT69:7;;5:: doc SUPP=RTI/' REP=RT /o 5

Documents

CHAPTER 3(2)Hydrology