Chapter 31: Search for Stability, 1968-1981 American Journey/chap31.pdf · presidency 1967 • Six-Day Arab-Israeli War 1973 • OPEC imposes embargo of oil to U.S. Nixon 1969–1974

CHAPTER XX Chapter Title892

Why It Matters

Modern America

1968ndashPresent

Decorative flag computer art

The InternationalSpace Station

Incredible change marked the last part ofthe twentieth century The Cold War came

to an end Faith in government was shakenby presidential scandal As the United

States entered a new century new chal-lenges emerged The American people

responded to terrorism by looking for newways to preserve and protect their ideals in

a changing world The following resourcesoffer more information about this period

in American history

Primary Sources LibrarySee pages 978ndash979 for primary source

readings to accompany Unit 11Use the American history

Primary Source Document Library CD-ROM to find additional primary

sources about Modern America

3573539

ldquoAmerica at its best is compassionaterdquo

mdashPresident George W Bush 2001 Inaugural Address

Search for

Stability1968ndash1981

Why It MattersDuring the 1960s and 1970s the American peoplersquos view of the nation and the govern-

ment changed Some believed that the United States had lost its position as the economicand political leader of the free world Yet the American system of constitutional govern-

ment worked and survived

The Impact TodayToday many Americans continue to express doubts about the political system Mistrust of

politicians especially ldquoWashington insidersrdquo has reduced voter turnout in elections It hasalso spurred the creation of political movements outside the two major parties

The American Journey Video The chapter 31 video ldquoWatergaterdquo detailsthe events in the Watergate controversy

1972bull Nixon visits Beijing

bull SALT I signed

1973bull Watergate hearings

1974bull Nixon resigns

presidency

1967bull Six-Day Arab-Israeli War 1973

bull OPEC imposesembargo of oilto US

Nixon1969ndash1974

CHAPTER 31 Search for Stability

1966 1970 1974

Ford1974ndash1977

44355995

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

1979bull Soviet troops

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 31mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Celebrating the Bicentennial Fireworks light up the Statue of Libertyduring celebration of the nationrsquos 200th birthday on July 4 1976

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

1979bull Iranians take 52

US hostages

bull Accident atThree MileIsland

1980bull US boycotts

Moscow Olympics

1981bull Iranians release

US hostages

1977bull Panama Canal

treaties signed

1975bull 36 nations agree

to Helsinki Accords

1978bull First test-tube

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

Why didPresident Nixon resign

What led to betterrelations

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

Step 1 Mark the midpoint of a side edge of onesheet of paper Then fold the outside edges in totouch the midpoint

Evaluating Information Study FoldableMake and use this foldable to organize informationabout Americarsquos search for stability at the end ofthe twentieth century

Reading and Writing As you read the chaptersearch for the answers to these four questionsWrite answers under each of the tabs

Step 2 Fold in half from side to side

Step 3 Open and cut along the inside fold linesto form four tabs Label your foldable as shown

Cut alongthe fold lineson both sides

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

April 1971American table-tennis teamvisits China

February 1972President Nixonvisits Beijing

May 1972Leaders sign the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

October 1973Arab countries imposeoil embargo on the US

Main IdeaPresident Nixon tried to ease cold wartensions but pursued active policies inthe Middle East and Latin America

Key Termsdeacutetente balance of powerembargo shuttle diplomacy

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and describe the goals of thesestrategies and policies

Read To Learnbull how Richard Nixon changed US

political relations with the SovietUnion and China

bull what actions the US took regard-ing the Middle East and Latin America

Section ThemeGlobal Connections Richard Nixonpursued a very active foreign policy

Nixonrsquos Foreign Policy

1972 election button

896 CHAPTER 31 Search for Stability

DeacutetenteBalance

of powerShuttle

diplomacy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1970 1972 1974

To improve relations with the Communist world President Richard Nixon made a historic visit to China in February 1972 Nixon later described how he felt upon hisarrival in Beijing the Chinese capital ldquo lsquoThe Star Spangled Bannerrsquo had neversounded so stirring to me as on that windswept runway in the heart of CommunistChina As we left the airport [Chinese leader Zhou Enlai] said lsquoYour handshakecame over the vastest ocean in the worldmdashtwenty-five years of no communicationrsquo rdquo

Easing the Cold WarIn his Inaugural Address on January 20 1969 President Richard M Nixon

told the American people ldquoThe greatest honor is the title of peacemakerrdquoMany Americans wondered whether Nixon fit the role of peacemaker Duringhis years in Congress he had gained a reputation as a fierce enemy of commu-nism Few people imagined that Nixon the anti-Communist crusader wouldintroduce policies to improve Americarsquos relations with the Communist world

6781432

CHAPTER 31 Search for Stability 897

Henry Kissinger (below) helped President Nixon han-dle foreign policy matters Premier Zhou Enlai andPresident Nixon (right) inspect troops during Nixonrsquos1972 visit to China When did the United Statesand China establish full diplomatic relations

History

Behind the Iron CurtainPresident Nixon intended to leave his mark

on foreign policy He hoped to build a more sta-ble peaceful world by reaching out to the SovietUnion and the Peoplersquos Republic of China Inthe summer of 1969 Nixon visited several coun-tries including Romaniamdashthe first time anAmerican president had gone behind the ironcurtain Nixon wanted to find areas of commoninterest and cooperation with these Cold Waropponents

DeacutetenteTo help him in this task Nixon appointed

Henry Kissinger a Harvard University profes-sor as his national security adviser Kissingerand Nixon shared a belief in realpolitikmdashpoliciesbased on national interests rather than politicalideology They believed that peace among

nations would come through negotiation ratherthan through threats or force President Nixonformulated a foreign policy plan of deacutetentemdashattempts at relaxing or easing international ten-sions As deacutetente replaced confrontation theUnited States and Communist states couldbegin working together to resolve issues thatdivided them

Nixon realized that deacutetente would work onlyif a balance of power existed A balance ofpower is a distribution of power among nationsto prevent any one nation from becoming toopowerful ldquoIt will be a safer world and a betterworldrdquo he declared

ldquoif we have a strong healthy United StatesEurope Soviet Union China Japanmdasheach bal-ancing the other not playing one against theotherrdquo

9074864

ChinaSince the Communist takeover of China in

1949 the United States had refused to recognizethe Peoplersquos Republic of China the most popu-lated nation on the earth Instead the UnitedStates recognized the anti-Communist Chinesegovernment under Chiang Kai-shek in exile onthe island of Taiwan

By the time Nixon became president how-ever each side had good reasons for wanting toimprove relations China distrusted and fearedthe Soviet Union The United States hoped thatrecognition of China would help end the war inVietnam and drive a deeper wedge between thetwo Communist powers

The winds of change began to blow in the fallof 1970 when Nixon told reporters that hewanted to go to China Noting this change intone the Chinese responded by inviting anAmerican table-tennis team to visit the countryin April 1971 A week later the United Statesannounced the opening of trade with China

ldquoPing-Pong diplomacyrdquo was accompanied bysecret talks between American and Chinese offi-cials about forging closer ties between the twonations After Kissinger made a secret trip toChina in July 1971 President Nixon announcedthat he would visit Beijing the Chinese capitalldquoto seek the normalization of relationsrdquo

In February 1972 Nixon arrived in China for aweek-long visit Nixon and Chinarsquos premierZhou Enlai agreed to allow greater scientific andcultural exchange and to resume trade Although

formal diplomatic relations were not establisheduntil 1979 Nixonrsquos trip marked the first formalcontact with China in more than 25 years

The Soviet UnionNixon followed his history-making trip to

China with a visit to Moscow the Soviet capitalin May 1972 The Soviets eagerly welcomed thethaw in Cold War politics They wanted to pre-vent a Chinese-American alliance and to slowthe costly arms race They also hoped to gainaccess to United States technology and to buybadly needed American grain Soviet leaderLeonid Brezhnev remarked

ldquoThere must be room in this world for twogreat nations with different systems to livetogether and work togetherrdquo

While in Moscow President Nixon signed theStrategic Arms Limitation Treaty or SALT IThis landmark treaty the result of talks begun in1969 restricted the number of certain types ofnuclear missiles in American and Soviet arse-nals Although SALT I did not end the arms raceit greatly reduced tensions between the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union

The United States and the Soviet Union alsoagreed to work together in trade and scienceNixonmdashand the worldmdashhoped that a new era ofcooperation would bring greater stability toworld affairs

Identifying What is deacutetente

ldquoPing-Pong diplomacyrdquo improved relationsbetween the United States and the PeoplersquosRepublic of China What nations do theplayers represent

Analyzing Political Cartoons

17115536

899CHAPTER 31 Search for Stability

The Middle EastPresident Nixonrsquos foreign policy aimed to

maintain world stability without being drawninto regional disputes The president wanted toavoid any involvement that might lead toanother situation like Vietnam Nixon statedthat the United States would help in ldquothedefense and development of allies and friendsrdquobut not take ldquobasic responsibilityrdquo for the futureof those nations A crisis soon arose in the Mid-dle East that tested this policy

Arab-Israeli TensionsSince the founding of the Jewish state of Israel

in 1948 the United States had supported Israelin its struggles against its Arab neighbors Ten-sions between Israel and the Arab states haderupted in war in 1948 1956 and 1967 The Six-Day War of 1967 left Israel in control of eastJerusalem the West Bank the Golan Heights ofSyria and the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsulaof Egypt The 1967 war also increased the num-ber of Arab refugees Thousands of Palestiniansnow lived in Israeli-held territory and thou-

sands more lived in neighboring Arab statesThe Palestiniansrsquo demand for their own home-land became another source of instability

Yom Kippur WarWar erupted again on October 6 1973 Egypt

and Syria attacked Israel in an attempt to regainterritory lost in the Six-Day War Because theattack occurred on Yom Kippur a major Jewishholiday the conflict became known as the YomKippur War

The United States pressured Israel to accept acease-fire A cease-fire came but not before theIsraelis had regained most of the territory lost inthe initial Arab advance Israel also had takenadditional territory from Syria and Egypt

Angry at the United States for supportingIsrael Arab oil-producing states imposed anembargomdasha ban on shipmentsmdashof oil to theUnited States and to other nations not seen asldquofriendlyrdquo The embargo caused an oil shortagein the United States Long lines of cars formed atgas pumps and Americans became angry as gasprices skyrocketed

Shuttle DiplomacyPresident Nixon sent Kissinger now secretary

of state to the region to gain the trust of Arableaders and to negotiate some type of agreement

Many Palestinians lived in exile scattered throughout theMiddle East North Africa and Europe What was thecause of the Yom Kippur War

History

14199986

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use each of these terms

in a sentence that will help explain itsmeaning deacutetente balance of powerembargo shuttle diplomacy

2 Reviewing Facts How did HenryKissinger contribute to Nixonrsquos presi-dency

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections What was

Nixonrsquos main foreign policy goal

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions Why did

Nixon think that improving relationswith China would make the SovietUnion more cooperative

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and identify eachleader

Analyzing Visuals6 Sequencing Events Study the time

line that appears on pages 894ndash895When did OPEC impose the oilembargo Who was the nationrsquospresident when the Panama Canaltreaties were signed

between Israel and its Arab neigh-bors During the next two yearsKissinger engaged in shuttlediplomacymdashtraveling backand forth between the capitalsof Israel Egypt and Syriatrying to resolve the oil crisisand forge a lasting peace

Early in 1974 Golda Meirthe prime minister of Israeland Anwar el-Sadat thepresident of Egypt reachedagreements that separatedIsraeli and Arab forces in theSinai Peninsula and GolanHeights Then in March 1974Kissinger persuaded the Arabnations to end the oil embargo Kissingeralso improved relations with Egypt thelargest and most powerful Arab state bypromising large amounts of foreign aid

Summarizing What happened inthe US as a result of the oil embargo

Latin AmericaThe Nixon administration sought to protect

its interests in Latin America and to prevent the spread of communism In 1970 the South

American country of Chile electedSalvador Allende president

Allende was a follower of KarlMarx the founder of commu-

nism When the new Chileangovernment took over Amer-ican businesses in Chile theUnited States protestedNixon and his foreign-policyadvisers feared an increasein Soviet influence in Chileand the spread of commu-

nism in Latin AmericaWith the backing of the CIA

(Central Intelligence Agency) asmall group of Chilean military

leaders under General AugustoPinochet overthrew the government

and killed Allende The United Statesimmediately recognized the new military

dictatorship and restored foreign aid to ChileThe situation in Chile reflected another aspect

of Nixonrsquos foreign policy Although willing topursue deacutetente with China and the SovietUnion the president was still determined tocontain the spread of communismmdashand Sovietinfluencemdashin the world

Explaining Why did the UnitedStates oppose Salvador Allende

Current Events Find a newspaperarticle that discusses the Israeli-Arab relationship today and com-pare it to the relationship thatexisted in the 1960s and 1970s

Israeli leader Golda Meir

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

Main IdeaNixon tried to deal with the nationrsquoseconomic problems but was forced toresign due to the Watergate scandal

Key Termsrevenue sharing affirmative actionstagflation deficit impeachmentamnesty underemployment

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section list three challenges thatNixon faced during his presidency

Read To Learnbull how Nixon struggled with domestic

problemsbull how the Watergate scandal affected

politics

Section ThemeContinuity and Change Economicproblems and political scandalmarked the 1970s and troubled bothRichard Nixon and Gerald Ford

Nixon andWatergate

June 1972Break-in at Watergateoccurs

1973OPEC oil embargoreduces US supplies

August 1974Nixon resigns thepresidency

December 1974CIArsquos secret filesrevealed

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

President Nixon had grave concerns about the state of American society ldquoWe live ina deeply troubled and profoundly unsettled time Drugs crime campus revolts racialdiscord draft resistancemdashon every hand we find old standards violated old values dis-cardedrdquo Nixon believed that a ldquosilent majorityrdquo of middle-class Americans shared hisconcerns about increasing crime and social disorder In an ironic twist of events how-ever the Nixon administration itself would get caught up in a web of illegal activities

Nixonrsquos Domestic ProgramIn his 1968 presidential campaign Nixon had pledged to bring ldquolaw and

orderrdquo back to American society He also vowed to reduce governmentrsquos role inpeoplersquos lives

Nixonrsquos drive to restore law and order involved ldquocracking down on crimerdquoand imposing stiffer penalties on lawbreakers To strengthen the power of thepolice Nixon used federal funds to help state and city police forces

1968 Republicancampaign button

71680244

The CourtsNixon thought the federal courts should be

tougher on criminals ldquoAs a judicial conserva-tiverdquo he said ldquoI believe some Court decisionshave gone too far in weakening the peace forcesagainst the criminal forces in our societyrdquo Duringhis presidency four vacancies arose on theSupreme Court Nixon hoped that the justices heappointedmdashWarren Burger as chief justice andHarry Blackmun Lewis Powell and WilliamRehnquistmdashwould shift the Court to a more con-servative position The decisions of the new justices did not fully meet the presidentrsquos conser-vative goals however

New FederalismNixon wanted to reduce federal involvement

in peoplersquos lives and to cut federal spending Hepledged to ldquoreverse the flow of power andresources from the states and communities toWashington and start power and resources flow-ing back to the peoplerdquo To accomplish thisgoal he introduced a program called the NewFederalism

One part of the New Federalism called for giv-ing the states some of the revenue earned fromfederal taxes for use at the state and local levelsThis revenue sharing became law in 1972

Nixon also sought to end or scale back manyGreat Society programs begun under PresidentJohnson He promised to ldquoquit pouring billions ofdollars into programs that have failedrdquo He abol-ished the Office of Economic Opportunity theagency that had led Johnsonrsquos War on Poverty

On civil rights issues Nixon took a conserva-tive position aimed at appealing to white votersFor example Nixon opposed busing Busing wasused to promote racial integration by transport-ing students from mostly white or African Amer-ican neighborhoods to racially mixed schools

At the same time however his administrationworked to carry out federal court orders to inte-grate schools The Nixon administration alsopromoted affirmative action or preference tominorities in jobs where they had previouslybeen excluded A practical politician PresidentNixon did accept new government programsthat had popular support He approved the

This cartoon reflects how the value of the Americandollar declined during the early 1970s What doesthe image of George Washington suggestabout the mood of the country

creation of two new agenciesmdashthe Occupa-tional Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) to ensure workersrsquo safety and theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) toprotect the environment

EconomicsEconomic Problems

While attempting to change the direction ofgovernment President Nixon had to deal withserious economic problems Industry and man-ufacturing were declining because of foreigncompetition Businesses and consumers strug-gled with inflationmdasha general rise in the pricesof goods and servicesmdashfueled by internationalcompetition for raw materials and the increas-ing cost of oil The United States also faced sloweconomic growth and high unemployment

1625341

aries of the law In 1971 for example Nixonasked his aides for an ldquoenemies listrdquo of peopleconsidered unfriendly to the administration Hethen ordered the FBI and the Internal RevenueService (IRS) to investigate some of these peo-ple Nixon justified such actions as necessary tomaintain national security arguing that thosewho challenged government policies posed aserious danger to the nation

Nixonrsquos campaign committee collected mil-lions of dollars It used some of this money to create a secret groupmdashnicknamed ldquotheplumbersrdquomdashto stop leaks of information thatmight hurt the administration Some campaignmoney also went to pay foroperations against NixonrsquosDemocratic foes but thatparty had many prob-lems of its own

Landslide VictoryThe Democratic Party

was split Candidates com-peting for the nominationincluded former vice presidentHubert Humphrey SenatorsEdmund Muskie of Maine andGeorge McGovern of SouthDakota and former governorof Alabama George WallaceMuskie and Humphreycould not gain enough sup-port Wallacersquos campaignwas cut short in May1972 by a would-be assas-sinrsquos bullet that left himparalyzed

McGovern the mostliberal of the four candi-dates won the nomina-tion Many democratsand labor union lead-ers were cool towardsMcGovernrsquos candidacy

The Democratsrsquo lack ofunity as well as an upsurgein the economy and theprospect of peace in Vietnam

Seeking Economic StabilityPresident Nixon tried a number of

approaches to reduce inflation He began by cut-ting federal spending At the same time hecalled for a tight money policy Interest rateswere raised so that people would borrow lessand spend less With less money in circulationprices dropped However as demand slowedbusiness began to cut back and output fellThese steps slowed economic growth andbrought on stagflationmdasha combination of risingprices and a sluggish economy

Nixon then switched tactics He temporarilyfroze wages and prices and issued guidelines forany future increases This put a brake on infla-tion but the economy remained in a recession

Later Nixon tried a third approachmdashincreas-ing federal spending to stimulate the economyAlthough this policy helped revive the economyfor a short time it also created a budget deficitin which government spending was greater thangovernment revenue None of Nixonrsquos policiesmanaged to restore the economy to its previousstrength and economic problems continued totrouble his administration

Analyzing What was stagflation

Nixonrsquos Second TermLooking ahead in 1971 to the presidential

campaign of 1972 Nixon had doubts about hischances for reelection The war in Vietnam hadnot yet ended and the easing of tensions withChina had not yet occurred Businesses and con-sumers had to struggle with the effects of infla-tion The president and his supporters wantedto ensure his reelection

A Campaign Against EnemiesTo help plan his campaign strategy Nixon

relied on a small group of loyal aides The aidesclosest to the president were John Ehrlichmanhis chief domestic adviser and HR Halde-man his chief of staff

In their drive to win reelection the presidentand his closest advisers it was later revealedstretched and sometimes crossed the bound-

Nixon button andMcGovern tie

21185811

The president imposed emergency measuresto conserve oil Nixon also urged Americans toconserve energy voluntarily Congress reducedspeed limits on highways because a vehicleburns less fuel at lower speeds

To deal with the long-range problem ofdependence on imported oil Nixon urged devel-opment of domestic oil especially in Alaskawhich possessed vast untapped oil reserves

Evaluating Why were gasolineprices increasing during this period

The Watergate CrisisDuring Nixonrsquos second term what seemed like

a small scandal turned into a presidential crisisThe scandal began with the presidentrsquos reelectioncampaign In June 1972 his reelection committeehad wanted information about the Democratsrsquocampaign plans Members of the Nixon campaignordered ldquothe plumbersrdquo to break into the head-quarters of the Democratic National Committeeto install telephone listening devicesmdashbugs Thisbreak-in set events in motion that would rock thepresidency and the nation

A Third-Rate BurglarySometime after midnight on June 17

1972 Frank Wills a security guard atthe Watergate office-apartment com-plex in Washington DC noticed tapecovering the locks on doors leading toan underground parking garage ldquoI took the tape offrdquo he later recalledldquobut I didnrsquot think anything of itrdquoAbout an hour later he found thatsomeone had retaped the locks Willsdecided to call the police

Frank Willsrsquos discovery led to thearrest of five men who had brokeninto Democratic Committee head-quarters in the Watergate complexThe arrests of ldquoplumbersrdquo GordonLiddy and E Howard Hunt followedsoon afterward Investigations revealedthat Liddy and Hunt were connected tothe Nixon campaign and were paidfrom White House funds

Sign of thetimes

Motorists line up outside a Virginia gas station Why didAmericans face higher fuelprices and gas shortages

History

led to a landslide victory for Nixon He won 607percent of the popular vote The Republican vic-tory in the electoral college was even more lop-sidedmdash520 to 17

The Energy CrisisDuring Nixonrsquos second term as president

severe economic problems confronted thenation One of the most critical problems wasthe cost of fuel especially imported oil

The US economy depended heavily on oilMuch of this oil came from the Middle EastArab oil-producing countries belonged toOPEC the Organization of Petroleum ExportingCountries In 1973 these countries placed anembargo on all oil shipments to the UnitedStates At the same time they raised their prices

The sharp price increases and the five-monthembargo damaged the nationrsquos economy Manycompanies had to lay off workers while othersraised their prices Angry consumers com-plained about the high prices and the long linesat gas stations

17512636

The White House denied any involvementNixonrsquos press secretary Ronald Ziegler dis-missed the break-in as a ldquothird-rate burglaryrdquoThe president declared that ldquono one in the WhiteHouse staff no one in the administration wasinvolved in this bizarre incidentrdquo

InvestigationMeanwhile two newspaper reporters for the

Washington Post Bob Woodward and Carl Bern-stein began publishing a series of articles thatlinked the burglary to the Nixon campaign Asthe election approached however fewer thanhalf of the American people had even heard ofthe Watergate break-in

John Sirica the federal district court judgepresiding over the trial of the Watergate bur-glars resolved to uncover the truth Eventuallyone of the burglars James McCord admittedthat White House aides had lied about theirinvolvement and had pressured the burglars ldquotoplead guilty and remain silentrdquo

A Scandal UnravelsEarly in 1973 the Senate voted to hold hear-

ings on Watergate As pressures mountedNixon shook up the White House staff He firedthe White House counsel John Dean andforced aides HR Haldeman and John Ehrlich-man to resign He also declared that he wouldtake responsibility for the mistakes of othersbecause ldquothere can be no whitewash at theWhite Houserdquo Nixon also agreed to Senatedemands to appoint a special prosecutormdashsomeone independent of the Justice Depart-mentmdashto investigate Watergate Archibald Coxtook the job

The Senate Watergate hearings began in May1973 Chaired by Senator Sam Ervin of NorthCarolina the hearings slowly revealed the innerworkings of the Nixon White House The mostdamaging testimony came from John DeanDean testified that there had been a cover-upand that Nixon himself directed it but he pro-duced no evidence to confirm his account

The Impact of WatergateThe Watergate scandal had threatened the foundation of

American democracymdashconstitutional law Yet the systemworked The legislative and judicial branches reasserted theirpowers to rein in the executive branch

I would say only that if someof my judgments were wrongand some were wrong theywere made in what I believedat the time to be the bestinterest of the nation

mdashRichard Nixon August 8 1974

June 1972Watergatebreak-inreported

Nov 1972Nixonreelected

May 1973Senatehearingsbegin

June 1973John DeanimplicatesNixon incover-up

Oct 1973SaturdayNight Massacre

April 1974Nixonreleasesedited tapes

July 1974Supreme Courtorders surrender oftapes House com-mittee recommendsimpeachment

Aug 1974Nixon releasestapes andresigns

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

Then in July investigators learned that a secrettaping system had recorded all conversations inthe presidentrsquos office Ervin and Cox demandedthe tapes President Nixon refused and claimedexecutive privilege insisting that release of thetapes would endanger national security

When Cox requested a court order to get thetapes in October Nixon ordered his attorneygeneral Elliot Richardson to fire Cox Richard-son refusedmdashand then resigned Deputy Attor-ney General William Ruckelshaus also refusedto carry out the order and resigned FinallyNixon found a Justice Department official will-ing to fire Cox This Saturday Night Massacreas the resignations and firing became knownresulted in a storm of public protest

In the middle of this turmoil another scandalstruck the administration The Justice Departmentcharged Vice President Spiro Agnew with takingbribes while governor of Maryland On October10 1973 he resigned Nixon appointed Represen-tative Gerald R Ford of Michigan the Republicanleader of the House to succeed Agnew Congressquickly confirmed the nomination

The Crisis DeepensPublic outrage over the Saturday Night Mas-

sacre forced Nixon to appoint a new specialprosecutor Leon Jaworski Meanwhile theHouse of Representatives began consideringimpeachmentmdashthe constitutionalprovision to remove a pres-ident from office If theHouse charged Nixon withcommitting ldquohigh crimesand misdemeanorsrdquo hewould then be tried in theSenate If a two-thirds major-ity of senators found himguilty he would no longer bepresident

In April 1974 Nixondecided to release printedcopies of some of the tapesThese transcripts heavilyedited and missing significantportions led to new protestsNixon refused court orders to

hand over the unedited tapes Appeals reachedthe Supreme Court which ruled on July 24 thatthe president had to surrender the tapes

At the end of July after weeks of closed hear-ings the House Judiciary Committee adoptedthree articles of impeachment charging thepresident with obstruction of justice abuse ofpower and contempt of Congress Nixonreleased the tapes on August 5 A conversationon one tape revealed that the president hadordered a cover-up of the Watergate break-injust a few days after it happened The conversa-tion provided the crucial piece of evidence thatlinked Nixon to Watergate

Nixon ResignsPublic reaction and the prospect of an

impeachment trial forced Nixon to resign Onthe evening of August 8 1974 he went onnational television to announce his decision

The next morning a tearful Richard Nixonsaid good-bye to his staff and then left theWhite House by helicopter He was succeededby Gerald Ford who became the first US pres-ident never elected to the office of president orvice president

The Watergate crisis revealed that the systemof checks and balances could work to remove apresident that abused his power and violatedthe Constitution Congress passed laws to cor-

rect some of the abuses Howeverthe scandal damaged the publicrsquosfaith in their political institutionsand leaders

IdentifyingWho succeeded President Nixon

A Time for HealingAfter Nixonrsquos helicopter left

the White House Gerald Fordwas sworn in as president Fordassured Americans ldquoOur longnational nightmare is overrdquo To fill the office of vice presi-dent Ford selected NelsonRockefeller a highly respected

Time magazine August 19 1974

21096986

Republican and former governor of New YorkRelieved to put the Watergate crisis behindthem most Americans welcomed the new pres-ident and a fresh start for the nation

One of Fordrsquos first acts however destroyedmuch of this confidence On September 8 1974only a month after taking office Ford grantedRichard Nixon a pardon for any crimes he mayhave committed as president

This meant that the former president could notbe prosecuted for his part in the cover-up Fordhoped that the pardon would help heal thewounds of Watergate Instead the pardon stirredcontroversy Many Americans questioned whyNixon should escape punishment when othersinvolved in the Watergate scandal went to jailSome even accused Ford of striking a bargainwith Nixon in advancemdashthe promise of a pardonin exchange for Nixonrsquos resignation Although

Ford defended his action the new presidentnever fully regained the trust and popularity hehad enjoyed in his first weeks in office

Spying on American CitizensIn December 1974 Americans were startled to

learn that the CIA had spied and kept secret fileson some American citizens A few months laterthey discovered that the FBI also had secret filesPresident Ford appointed special commissionsto investigate CIA and FBI misconduct He andCongress began working on new laws to regu-late the activities of the two agencies

Vietnam AmnestyYet another controversy arose when President

Ford offered amnesty or protection from prose-cution to men who had illegally avoided mili-tary service during the Vietnam War Fordpromised that these people would not be pun-ished if they pledged loyalty to the United Statesand performed some type of national serviceWhile many people approved of amnesty othersthought it was too lenient Supporters of theVietnam War argued that draft dodgers anddeserters should be punished

Ford and Foreign AffairsWith little experience in foreign affairs Ford

relied on Henry Kissinger his secretary of stateand continued the policies of the Nixon admin-istration Ford extended the policy of deacutetentewith the Soviet Union In late 1974 he met withSoviet leader Leonid Brezhnev to discuss armscontrol The two leaders reached a preliminaryagreement on limiting nuclear weapons

In July 1975 Ford traveled to Helsinki Fin-land where he signed the Helsinki Accordswith the Soviet Union and various Westernnations The countries pledged to respect thehuman rights and civil liberties of their citizens

The Ford administration also worked toimprove relations with China When ChineseCommunist chairman Mao Zedong died in1976 a more moderate government came topower The new Chinese leaders wanted toexpand economic and political ties to the UnitedStates and the two nations moved a little closer

The changing of presidents on August 9 1974 issymbolized in this replacement of former presidentNixonrsquos official portrait by one of the new presidentGerald Ford What position did Ford hold beforebecoming president

History

1755966

in a sentence that will help explain its meaning revenue sharing affir-mative action stagflation deficitimpeachment amnesty underem-ployment

2 Reviewing Facts List two actionsthat Nixon took to restore law andorder

Reviewing Themes3 Continuity and Change Explain how

Gerald Ford came to be president

Critical Thinking4 Synthesizing Information Explain

how the governmentrsquos checks andbalances system worked when Nixonabused his power as president

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and list reasonseach person might have problemsbeing reelected

Analyzing Visuals6 Political Cartoons Study the car-

toon on page 902 Explain whyGeorge Washington is barely visibleon the dollar bill If you were a car-toonist explain another way toexpress this idea

A Troubled EconomyThe economic problems that the Nixon

administration faced continued to plague Presi-dent Ford Inflation remained high and unem-ployment rose

By the 1970s Europe and Japan challengedAmericarsquos world economic supremacy Inexpen-sive and efficient Japanese cars flooded the Amer-ican market European products also providedstrong competition to American-made goods

This foreign competition led to factory closingsin the United States and massive layoffs of work-ers America began to suffer from underemploy-ment that is people worked in jobs for whichthey were overqualified or that did not fully usetheir skills Underemployment resulted in partfrom the loss of jobs to foreign competition

The actions of OPEC continued to influencethe American economy also Although the oilshortage caused by the embargo of 1973ndash1974had eased OPEC kept oil prices high and thehigh prices contributed to inflation The Ameri-can economy seemed to be crumbling and Fordstruggled for a solution

Fordrsquos ResponseTo fight inflation Ford launched a campaign

called Whip Inflation Now (WIN) a voluntaryprogram of wage and price controls He calledon Americans to save their money rather than

spend it and to planttheir own gardens tocounter rising foodprices Although theeffort led to a smalldrop in inflation theeconomy declined andthe nation headed intorecession

Spending CutsAnother approach Ford urged for control-

ling inflation was to cut government spend-ing However the Democratic-controlledCongress wanted to maintain or increasespending for social programs Ford vetoedseveral congressional spending bills in anattempt to control spending but his actionsdid not curb inflation

To stimulate the economy and encourage eco-nomic growth Ford persuaded Congress to passa tax cut Although the cut did bring someimprovement in the economy it led to largerbudget deficits as government revenue declinedand spending remained the same or increasedDespite his efforts President Ford was unable tosolve the nationrsquos economic problems

Evaluating How did Europe andJapan challenge the US economy

Art Create a bumper sticker thatsupports or opposes Fordrsquos pardonof President Nixon in the Water-gate scandal

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 31mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on theWatergate crisis

13750636

Predicting ConsequencesWhy Learn This Skill

Did you ever wish you could see into the futurePredicting future events is very difficult You canhowever develop skills that will help you identify thelogical consequences of decisions or actions

Learning the SkillFollow these steps to help you accurately predict

consequencesbull Review what you already know about a situation

by listing facts events and peoplersquos responsesThe list will help you recall events and how theyaffected people

bull Analyze patterns Try to determine what the pat-terns show Are some consequences more likelyto occur than others

bull Use your knowledge and observations of similarsituations In other words ask yourself ldquoWhatwere the consequences of a similar decision oraction that occurred in the pastrdquo

bull Map out all possible consequences or outcomesbull Analyze each of the potential consequences by

asking ldquoHow likely is it that this will occurrdquobull Make a prediction

Practicing the SkillCandidates for public office often make campaignpromises based on how they think voters willrespond Use the information in the chart below tohelp you predict what type of candidate would beelected president in 1980 Answer the questions

1 Review the facts and events listed on the chartWhat patterns do you notice What do the factstell you about the 1970s

2 Recall similar situations in which voters facedhard times What kind of president do you thinkAmericans would want

Applying the SkillPredicting Consequences Read newspapers forarticles about an event that affects your commu-nity Make an educated prediction about what willhappen Explain your reasoning

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking

Events of the 1970s Results and Reactions

OPEC oil embargo causes a shortage of fuel Americans feel helpless and angry

Many people lose jobs and the nationsuffers the worst recession in 40 years

Americans feel frustrated

American workers suffer unemployment as severalautomobile plants close

Americans become angry at governmentrsquos abuseof power

President Ford vetoes programs in health housing andeducation to reduce government spending

Ford pardons Nixon

To conserve energy Americans buy smallerimported cars

Americans learn CIA and FBI have secret files oncitizens

12434037

Main IdeaJimmy Carter approached economicand foreign policy issues differentlythan Nixon or Ford but was stillunable to win reelection

Key Terms trade deficit human rightsapartheid fundamentalist

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and list three treaties that theCarter administration negotiated

Read To Learnbull how President Carter emphasized

human rights in foreign policybull what actions Carter took to improve

the economy

Section ThemeGlobal Connections Despite somefailures Carter saw success in treatiesdealing with the Middle East andarms reductions

The Carter Presidency

1976Jimmy Carter winsthe presidency

1977Panama Canaltreaties signed

1978Camp David Accords leadtoward Arab-Israeli peace

1979Iranians take 52Americans hostage

Jimmy Carter brought a simple lifestyle to the White House For example to savemoney President Carter once planned to visit his hometown of Plains Georgia by carinstead of by helicopter He soon discovered that it was much less expensive to go byhelicopter Carter later stated about going by car ldquoA good portion of the Georgia StatePatrol had been marshaled to block every country crossroads for more than 60 miles Itwas obvious that I was not simply one of the people anymorerdquo

The Election of 1976As the 1976 elections approached President Ford hoped to win the election

outright But Fordrsquos prospects did not look particularly good Although he hadhelped to restore confidence in government Watergate was still fresh in theminds of the American people In early 1976 Jimmy Carter ran as a Democraticcandidate in the presidential primary election in New Hampshire Few votersknew who Carter was Then Carter began winning key primary elections

English-Spanishcampaign poster

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

Stressing his integrity religious faith and hisstanding as an outsider Carter gathered enoughdelegates to win the Democratic nominationSenator Walter Mondale of Minnesota ran asvice president

Meanwhile President Ford had struggled togain the Republican nomination He faced astrong challenge from the former governor ofCalifornia Ronald Reagan who was favored byparty conservatives Ford chose Senator BobDole of Kansas as his running mate

During the campaign Ford tried to stress hisachievements as president Carter promised toclean up the government and ran as muchagainst the memory of Nixon and governmentcorruption as against Ford Carter won in a veryclose election gaining 501 percent of the popu-lar vote to Fordrsquos 48 percent To a great extentCarter owed his margin of victory to supportfrom African American Southern voters

Explaining How did Carter repre-sent himself in the 1976 presidential campaign

An Informal PresidencyCarter an ldquooutsiderrdquo with no experience in

national politics did not fit the image of a typi-cal politician A former governor of GeorgiaCarter liked to say he was just a peanut farmerfrom a small town called Plains who wanted toserve his country

From the beginning Carter set a down-to-earthtone At his inauguration he wore an ordinarybusiness suit rather than formal clothing Afterthe ceremony Carter and his family walkedup Pennsylvania Avenue from the Capitolto the White House instead of riding in

Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn worship withAfrican American leaders including Coretta ScottKing widow of Dr Martin Luther King Jr Why was Carter viewed as an ldquooutsiderrdquo in national politics

History

the traditional limousine These gestures symbol-ized Carterrsquos desire to create a more informalpresidency Carter wanted to be seen as an aver-age American

Struggling With the EconomyWhen Carter took office the nation still suf-

fered from high inflation and unemploymentCarter tried to jolt the economy out of recessionby increasing federal spending and cutting taxesBoth measures were meant to stimulate economicgrowth Unemployment came down but infla-tion took off Carter then reversed course andproposed spending cuts and a delayed tax cut

Carterrsquos reversals on economic policies madehim seem weak and uncertain As an outsiderthe president had trouble gaining support forhis programs in Congress Although Carterneeded the backing of congressional Democratshis administration made little effort to workwith them

Energy CrisisCarter made energy policy a priority The

high costs of energy added to inflation In addi-tion as American money flowed overseas topurchase oil the nation faced a growing tradedeficitmdashthe value of foreign imports exceededthe value of American exports

In April 1977 Carter presented the NationalEnergy Plan aimed at resolving the energy cri-sis To stress the need to reduce energy use forexample the president turneddown the thermostat inthe White House

18108286

During the 1960sWilma Mankiller lived inCalifornia and was activein the womenrsquos rightsmovement and the NativeAmerican rights move-ment In the 1970s shetook this activism back to her roots in northeastOklahoma and applied itto the government of hertribe the CherokeeNation

In 1985 WilmaMankiller became theCherokee chief the firstwoman to ever serve as achief of a major NativeAmerican group She oftenfaced opposition but wasreelected and held the topposition for almost tenyears As chief she wasresponsible for 140000people and a 75 million-dollar budget

During her time as theleader of the CherokeeMankiller focused on lowering unemploymentincreasing educationalopportunities andimproving communityhealth care She also created the Institute forCherokee Literacy to pre-serve Cherokee traditionsand culture

Carterrsquos plan included the creation of aDepartment of Energy to coordinate energypolicy research funds to explore alternativesources of energy and tax policies to encouragedomestic oil production and energy conserva-tion Congress enacted a weakened version ofthe plan in 1978

Nuclear PowerIn the late 1970s Americans became more

concerned about the threats of nuclear power InMarch 1979 a major accident occurred at theThree Mile Island nuclear power plant nearHarrisburg Pennsylvania

An anti-nuclear protest movement soonspread President Carter however was unwill-ing to halt the nuclear energy program whichprovided more than 10 percent of the nationrsquosenergy needs At the same time supporters ofnuclear power argued that with proper safe-guards nuclear power provided no danger tothe environment

Identifying What economic prob-lems did Carter face when he took office

Foreign AffairsCarter based his foreign policy on human

rightsmdasha concern that governments around theworld grant greater freedom and opportunitywithout the threat of persecution or violence Heproposed that any nation that violated humanrights should not receive aid and support fromthe United States

Carter withdrew economic and military aidfrom such countries as Argentina Uruguay andEthiopia because of human rights violations Hecondemned South Africa for its policy ofapartheid racial separation and economic andpolitical discrimination against non-whites

Carterrsquos human rights diplomacy sometimescaused problems in the United States In 1980Cuban dictator Fidel Castro allowed thousandsof Cubans including criminals and politicalprisoners to leave Cuba

Beginning in April Cuban refugees beganleaving from Mariel Harbor most were en routeto Florida The United States however hadtrouble absorbing such large numbers of peopleSome of the emigrants were detained in refugee

12355673

camps In June President Carter ordered otherCubans be moved to federal prisons to awaitremoval hearings Then in September Castrosealed off the boatlift About 125000 Cubanrefugees had entered the United States

Carter had learned that a foreign policy basedon a single issue human rights had many limi-tations Even so the president continued tospeak out on the issue

The Panama CanalCarter also acted to end Latin American bit-

terness over the Panama Canal Over the yearsUS ownership of the canal and its control of theCanal Zone had caused friction between theUnited States and Panama Carter signed twotreaties with Panama in 1977 The treatiesturned the US-controlled Panama Canal overto Panama by the year 2000 but guaranteed thatthe canal would remain a neutral waterwayopen to all shipping Some Republicans in theSenate tried to block ratification of the treatiescharging that Carter was giving away US prop-erty The Senate approved the treaties in 1978

The Middle EastPresident Carter sought to bring peace to the

Middle East When peace talks between Israeland Egypt stalled in 1978 Carter invited Israeliprime minister Menachem Begin and Egyptianpresident Anwar el-Sadat to Camp DavidMaryland for a summit meeting

For two weeks the three leaders discussedissues dividing Israel and Egypt In September1978 they announced an agreement Known asthe Camp David Accords the agreement led toan Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty signed at theWhite House in March 1979 The treaty markedthe first time that Israel and an Arab nation hadreached a peace agreement

The Soviet UnionCarter criticized Soviet human-rights viola-

tions but at the same time he continued negoti-ations on arms control In June 1979 thepresident signed a second Strategic Arms Limi-tation Treaty or SALT II Critics in the Senatecharged that the treaty gave the Soviets anadvantage and the Senate delayed ratification

Any hope of the Senate approving SALT IIdisappeared in December 1979 when Soviettroops invaded Afghanistan a country insouthwestern Asia bordering the Soviet UnionCarter ordered sanctions against the SovietUnion The United States and other nationsrefused to take part in the Olympic Games inMoscow In addition the United States imposeda grain embargo on the Soviet Union

Crisis in IranIn the 1970s Iran was one of the strongest

US allies in the Persian Gulf region an areavital to Western oil needs Shah MohammedReza Pahlavi the ruler of Iran used US aid tobuild up a powerful military force Many Irani-ans however complained about corruption inthe government Others objected to Westerninfluence in the country which they felt weak-ened traditional Muslim values

In January 1979 Islamic fundamentalistsmdashpeople who believe in strict obedience to reli-gious lawsmdashforced the shah to flee Iran Thenew ruler Muslim leader Ayatollah Khomeiniwas hostile to the United States because of itssupport of the shah

President Carter meets withEgyptian president Anwar el-Sadat (left) and Israeli primeminister Menachem Begin(right) Why were the CampDavid Accords important

History

2015126

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use the following terms

in a paragraph to help explain theirmeaning trade deficit humanrights apartheid fundamentalist

2 Reviewing Facts How did JimmyCarterrsquos manner differ from manyother presidentsrsquo

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections What issue

guided Carterrsquos foreign policy Howdid the president attempt to imple-ment this policy

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions Which of

Carterrsquos actions do you think did thegreatest damage to his chances forreelection

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and identify three problems facing the Carteradministration and the actions takenin response

Analyzing Visuals6 Picturing History Study the

picture at the top of this page Whateffect do you think this image on tel-evision had on the American peopleHow do you think this picture andsimilar images affected Carterrsquos campaign for a second term

The Election of 1980The Iranian crisis damaged the president polit-

ically By the time the election campaign beganCarterrsquos popularity among the public haddeclined dramatically

The Republicans nominated Ronald Reaganfor president in 1980 In marked contrast toCarter Reagan radiated charm and confidenceHis conservative message of lower taxesreduced spending stronger defense and arestoration of American pride attracted Ameri-cans weary of government and economic prob-lems When Reagan asked ldquoAre you better offnow than you were four years agordquo mostAmericans answered ldquoNordquo

Reagan swept to victory with an electoralvote margin of 489 to 49 Republicans alsogained control of the Senate for the first timesince 1954 The election resulted in a bitterdefeat for Jimmy Carter who only 4 years earlierhad promised a new era in American politics

A final disappointment for Carter came in Jan-uary 1981 During the last weeks of his presi-dency he worked to obtain the release of thehostages The Iranians finally did release themmdashafter Ronald Reagan took the oath of office

Evaluating How was Reaganperceived differently than Carter

Geography Draw a world mapand label the different countriesthat Carter dealt with during hispresidency

In November 1979 Iranian students withthe support of fundamentalists in the govern-ment stormed the American embassy inTehran the capital of Iran and held 52 Ameri-cans hostage The United States was outragedAttempts to negotiate the release of thehostages failed and a daring desert rescueattempt ended in tragedy with the death of 8American soldiers The hostage crisis draggedon and became a major issue in the presidentialelection of 1980

Summarizing Why did the UnitedStates boycott the 1980 Olympic Games

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

Iranians present a blindfolded and handcuffedAmerican hostage

11519798

Ernesto Galarza (1905ndash1984)

Like manyimmigrants whocome to theUnited StatesErnesto Galarzaarrived facingthe challenge

of adjusting to his adoptedcountry This excerpt from hisautobiography Barrio Boytells the story of how Galarzaand his mother Dontildea Henri-queta traveled from Mexico toCalifornia to meet his unclesGustavo and Joseacute His storydescribes experiences commonto those arriving in the UnitedStates then and now

READ TO DISCOVERUnable to speak English andunfamiliar with the customs inthe United States 6-year-oldGalarza and his mother embark-ed on a new life Their trip wasa journey into another worldfor young Ernesto As you readthink about what it would belike to move to a new country

READERrsquoS DICTIONARYbarrio Spanish word for

ldquoneighborhoodrdquoTucson a city in southeastern

ArizonaSacramento the capital of

California

In the sunny morning of the nextday we walked back to the sta-tion Our train was still there

the flats and boxcars and coachesdeserted Mexican and Americansoldiers walking back and forthldquoLook the American flagrdquo mymother said It was flying over abuilding near us Down the streetbeyond the depot there was a Mex-ican flag on a staff ldquoWe are in theUnited States Mexico is overthererdquo

In Tucson we found our wayto the address Gustavo had sent Itwas a small hotel where the clerkspoke Spanish He took us down along dark hall to a room where Iimmediately began to explore theremarkable inventions of the Amer-icans

Regularly we went to the hotelto ask for mail from GustavoAlmost always there was a letterwith money but it was many weeksbefore we received the most impor-tant one of all the one that had thepass and the instructions for the tripWe were to take the train to Sacra-mento go to the Hotel Espantildeol andstay there until Gustavo and Joseacutecame for us

And from what I saw in thecoach on that long ride the Ameri-cans were indeed different They atethe repulsive sandwiches with relishThey put their feet shoes and all on

the seats in frontof them Whenthe men laughedit seemed morelike a roar and ifthey were closeby it scared meDontildea Henri-queta frownedand admon-ished me ldquoBecareful I neverhear you braying like thatrdquoMany of them kept their hats on as ifthey didnrsquot know that the inside of a coach was like the inside of ahouse and wearing your hat ineither a sure sign of being mal educado [ill-mannered]

From Barrio Boy by Ernesto Galarza copy 1971by the University of Notre Dame Press Usedby permission of the publisher

Barrio Boy

ANALYZING LITERATURE1 Recall and Interpret What

observations do Ernesto and hismother make about Americans

2 Evaluate and Connect Whatparts of Ernestorsquos story are prob-ably shared by all people comingto a new place

Interdisciplinary ActivityDescriptive Writing Imagine thatyou are Ernesto writing a postcardto a friend in Mexico Describe yourimpressions of America and of thepeople yoursquove seen

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

What were peoplersquos lives like in the pastWhat might our lives be like in the future These two pages will give

you some clues to everyday life in the US as you step backmdashand

look aheadmdashwith TIME Notebook

FUTURE SHOCK

PopulationGrowth in theUnited States

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

ProfileAfter getting HIV from a blood-clotting drug when he was just 13 RYAN WHITE was asked to speak before a Presidential Commission on AIDS in 1988

ldquoI CAME FACE TO FACE WITH DEATH AT

thirteen years old I was diagnosed with AIDS a killer Doctors told me Irsquom not contagious Given six months to live and being the fighter that I am I set high goals for myself It was my decision to live a normal life go to school be with my friends and enjoy day-to-day activities It was not going to be easy

The school I was going to said they had no guidelines for a person with AIDS hellip We began a series of court battles for nine months while I was attending classes by telephone Eventually I won the right to attend school but the prejudice was still thererdquo

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

Future MedicineldquoTAKE 200 TINY ROBOTS and call me in the morningrdquo Donrsquot laughYour doctor may be saying that to you sometime during the nextfew decades

Nanotechnologists are researchersand makers of microscopic robots In the future these germ-sizedrobotsmdashcalled nanomachinesmdashwill cruise through your body making sure everythingrsquos running in order Theyrsquoll report back to amainframe thatrsquos also in your bodyto report on your condition Thenthe tiny robots will scrape awayblockages in the arteries clean updangerous cancer cells and blast

away blood clots

Doctors predict that living tobe 100 or older wonrsquot be

any big dealmdashpossiblyin this generation

And you may have the nanorobots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

HARMONIZED MICHAEL JACKSON with 45 rock stars as they sing the tune Jackson co-wrote with Lionel Ritchiecalled ldquoWe Are the Worldrdquo OnApril 5 1985 about 5000 radiostations around the world playedthe song at the same time mdashall in an effort to raise money forstarving people in Africa Afterjust one year ldquoWe Are the Worldrdquomade over $44 million

RELEASED Fifty-two American HOSTAGES after 444 days in captivity in Iran Held by terrorists who were angry over Americarsquos favorable treatment of Iranrsquosformer ruler the group wassnatched from the US Embassy in Iran The fact that the US couldnrsquot negotiate their release was a factor in PRESIDENT JIMMY CARTERrsquoS 1980 election loss

SPILLED Over 11000000 gallons of crude oil in the clean waters of Prince William Sound Alaska in March 1989 A huge tanker struck a coral reefdumping hundreds of thousandsof barrels of crude oil into thewater devastating commercialfishing and wiping out preciousAlaskan wildlife

T H E C O N T I N U I N G J O U R N E Y 1 9 8 0 ndash T O D A Y

11600 The number of air traffic controllers whowent on strike in 1981 grounding the nationrsquos commercial airlines

70cent The amount earned bya woman for every dollar earnedby a man in 1987

$229000000Ticket sales from the movieET the Extra-Terrestrialreleased in 1982mdashone of the highest-grossing films ever

50 The percent of allAfrican American children livingin poverty in 1989

1200000Los Angeles children in 1986who observed a moment ofsilence in honor of astronaut and teacher Christa McAuliffe who was killed when the space shuttle Challengerexploded

EVENTS AND PEOPLE OF THE T IME US AT THE T IME

President Carter

M I L E S T O N E SM I L E S T O N E S N U M B E R S N U M B E R S

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

What You Do Today Affects Tomorrowrsquos WorldIn May 2001 there were about 284 million people in the UnitedStates Indiarsquos population was about 103 billion But Americans use 25 percent of the worldrsquos resources and cause 25 to 30 percentof the worldrsquos waste Compared to the typical person in India theaverage US citizen uses

50 times more steel 170 times more newsprint

56 times more energy 250 times more motor fuel

170 times more synthetic rubber 300 times more plastic

Oil-covered sea bird found

in Prince William Sound Alaska

17240936

Reviewing Key TermsOn graph paper create a word search puzzle using thefollowing terms Crisscross the terms vertically and hori-zontally then fill in the remaining squares with extra let-ters Use the termsrsquo definitions as clues to find the words inthe puzzle Share your puzzle with a classmate1 deacutetente 5 deficit2 embargo 6 impeachment3 shuttle diplomacy 7 amnesty4 stagflation 8 human rights

Reviewing Key Facts9 Which two nations were the focus of Nixonrsquos attempt

to ease Cold War tensions10 What was shuttle diplomacy11 Explain why President Nixon was forced to resign12 What did Congress do in the aftermath of Watergate13 Why did the United States lose its place as a world

economic leader in the 1970s14 What did President Carter do to resolve the energy

crisis15 How did Carter bring temporary peace to the Middle

Critical Thinking16 Analyzing Themes Global Connections What was

Nixonrsquos main reason for establishing friendly relationswith the Soviet Union

17 Analyzing Information What did Nixon do to createa New Federalism

18 Analyzing Themes Global Connections What didCarter think the United States should do to any nationthat violated human rights

19 Drawing Conclusions How did Carterrsquos support ofthe shah of Iran ignore the interest of Islamic funda-mentalists in that country

20 Analyzing Themes Continuity and ChangeRe-create the diagram below and describe how the foreign policies of Ford and Nixon were alike

Search for StabilityNixonrsquosForeignPolicy

bull Nixon opens relationswith China and theSoviet Union

bull US backs an overthrowof Communist Chileangovernment

Nixon and Watergatebull Nixon introduces New Federalism

bull Economy suffers under inflation

bull White House involvement withWatergate break-in revealed

bull Vice President Agnew resigns

bull Nixon appoints Gerald Ford asnew vice president

bull Nixon resigns presidency

Nixon FordSimilarities

bull Ford grants pardon to Nixon

bull Ford continues deacutetente with Soviet Union

bull Inflation rises

bull Carter makes energy policy a priority

bull Carter bases foreign policy on human rights

bull Carter works to bring peace in Middle East

bull Islamic fundamentalists take 53 Americans hostage in Iran

bull Carter loses 1980 election to Ronald Reagan

Ford and Carter

Citizenship Cooperative Activity25 Serving on a Jury Find people from your school or city

who have served on a jury Ask them to recall theirimpressions of the experience With a partner thinkabout what happens if you have received a jury notice inthe mail Write a description of what you would do nextand what you would expect to happen Then note whatyou plan to tell the judge about your understanding of ajurorrsquos responsibilities Share your writing with the class

Alternative Assessment26 Expository Writing Review the chapter and make a list

of the successes and failures of Presidents Nixon Fordand Carter Based on your list which of the three wouldyou vote for in a presidential election today Explain yourchoice

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 31mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

Which of the following was a key feature of theCarter administration

A foreign policy based on human rightsB emphasis on formalityC clear economic policiesD close cooperation with Congress

Test-Taking TipEliminate answers that you know are wrong For

example Carter was different from his predecessorsbecause he was personally casual Therefore

answer B must be wrong

Standardized Test Practice

Geography and History ActivityIn 1973 Saudi Arabia imposed an embargo or a restriction oftrade on oil shipped to Israelrsquos allies including the UnitedStates At the same time other OPEC countries raised theirprices Although the embargo was lifted in 1974 its economiceffects continued through the end of the decade Study thechart below then answer the questions that follow

21 In what year did gasoline consumption first exceed 120 billion gallons

22 How much more did a gallon of regular gasoline cost in1980 than in 1973

23 Based on billions of gallons of gas consumed in whichyear shown on the chart was the environment most polluted with automobile fumes

Practicing Skills Activity24 Predicting Consequences Review the skill on predicting

consequences on page 909 Then read the followingstatements and predict three consequences for eachRank the three consequences in order of most likely tooccur to least likely to occur

bull If a person in a public office including the presidentcommits a crime he or she should not be pardoned

bull Engineers develop an effective efficient electric-powered automobile

bull The school year is lengthened by 30 days

Year Consumption Cost per Gallon(Billions of gallons) Reg Prem No lead

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

Gasoline Consumption and Prices

Source Statistical Abstract of the United States

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

ldquoAmerica at its best is compassionaterdquo

mdashPresident George W Bush 2001 Inaugural Address

Search for

bull SALT I signed

presidency

Nixon1969ndash1974

1966 1970 1974

Ford1974ndash1977

44355995

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

DeacutetenteBalance

of powerShuttle

diplomacy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1970 1972 1974

6781432

History

9074864

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Search for

bull SALT I signed

presidency

Nixon1969ndash1974

1966 1970 1974

Ford1974ndash1977

44355995

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

DeacutetenteBalance

of powerShuttle

diplomacy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1970 1972 1974

6781432

History

9074864

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

1981bull Scientists

identify AIDS

invadeAfghanistan

HISTORY

1978 1982

Carter1977ndash1981

US hostages

Moscow Olympics

US hostages

treaties signed

to Helsinki Accords

baby born inLondon

Reagan1981ndash1989

with China

happened

in Iran

in 1979

Who won

the election

of 1980

DeacutetenteBalance

of powerShuttle

diplomacy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1970 1972 1974

6781432

History

9074864

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

DeacutetenteBalance

of powerShuttle

diplomacy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1970 1972 1974

6781432

History

9074864

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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Previous Document

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History

9074864

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

17115536

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

History

14199986

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Zhou Enlai

Anwar el-Sadat

Golda Meir

13264711

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

politics

Nixon andWatergate

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1972 1973 1974 1975

Challenges

71680244

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1625341

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

21185811

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Sign of thetimes

History

17512636

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

1972 1973 1975 1974

107413895

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

21096986

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

History

1755966

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

HISTORY

13750636

Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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Ford pardons Nixon

12434037

the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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the economy

Treaties

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1976 1977 1978 1979

73456474

History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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History

18108286

12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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12355673

History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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History

2015126

Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

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Problems Actions

C31-23Ppartial KO

clone out hand

11519798

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


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Exit

California

Barrio Boy

California

Barrio Boy

1732976

N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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N O T E B O O K

FUTURE SHOCK

2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

281421906324927000

377350000

497830000

432011000

570954000

Ryan White

MINI TO THE MAX

away blood clots

to thank for itbull

bullbull

113578476

President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

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President Carter

Christa McAuliffe

FUTURE SHOCK

17240936

Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Ford and Carter

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125

HISTORY

1973 1105 $ 40 45 NA

1974 1063 53 57 55

1975 1090 57 61 60

1976 1157 59 64 61

1977 1196 62 67 66

1978 1251 63 69 67

1979 1221 86 92 90

1980 1150 119 128 125





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































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Chapter 31: Search for Stability, 1968-1981 American Journey/chap31.pdf · presidency 1967 • Six-Day Arab-Israeli War 1973 • OPEC imposes embargo of oil to U.S. Nixon 1969–1974

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