Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole

7/31/2019 Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole

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PIDGINS

and CREOLES

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P I D G I N

a simplified speech used for communication between people

with different languages has a rudimentary grammar and

vocabulary and is not spoken as a first or native language,

Also called contact language.


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P I D G I N

Holm (1988, pp. 45) defines a pidgin as : a reduced language that results from extended contact

between groups of people with no language in common; itevolves when they need some means of verbal

communication, perhaps for trade, but no group learns the

native language of any other group for social reasons that

may include lack of trust or of close contact.


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P I D G I N

The creation of a pidgin usually requires:

Prolonged, regular contact between the different

language communities,

A need to communicate between them,

An absence of (or absence of widespread proficiency

in) a widespread, accessible interlanguage.


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P I D G I N

An example of early Hawai'i Pidgin English (HPE)spoken in Honolulu in the late 19th century :

What for Miss Willis laugh all time? Before Fraulein cry

all time.

(Why does Miss Willis often laugh? Fraulein used to always cry.)


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P I D G I N I Z A T I O N

is a complex process of sociolinguistic

change comprising reduction in inner form, with

convergence, in the context of restriction in use.


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P I D G I N I Z A T I O N

The process of pidginization probably requires a situation that involves

at least three languages (Whinnom, 1971), one of which is clearly

dominant over the others. If only two languages are involved, there islikely to be a direct struggle for dominance, as between English and

French in England after 1066, a struggle won in that case by the

socially inferior language but only after more than two centuries of co-

existence.


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C R E O L E

However, if the pidgin is used long enough, it begins to evolve into a

more rich language with a more complex structure and richer vocabulary.

Once the pidgin has evolved and has acquired native speakers ( thechildren learn the pidgin as their first language), it is then called a Creole.

An example of this is the Creole from Papua New Guinea, Tok Pisin,

which has become a National language.


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C R E O L E

A creole is a pidgin language which has become the

mother tone of communitya definition which

emphasizes that pidgins and creoles are two stages

in a single process of linguistic development.


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C R E O L E

A creole is believed to arise when a pidgin, developed by

adults for use as a second language, becomes the native

and primary language of their children a process

known as nativization. The pidgin-creole life cycle was

studied by Hall in the 1960s.


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C R E O L E

Road sign in Guadeloupe

Creolemeaning Slow down.

Children are playing here. The

literal translation is "Lift your

foot. Small people are playing

here".
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupe_Creole&action=edit&redlink=1


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C R E O L E

In the United States, there is a very well known Creole,

Louisiana Creole, which is derived from French and

African Languages. You most likely have heard of

"Cajun"which is a developed dialect of this Creole.


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C R E O L E

a. mo pe aste sa banan

b. de bin alde luk dat big tri

c. a waka go a wosu

d. olmaan i kas-im chek

e. li pote sa bay mo

f. ja fruher wir bleiben

g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket

I am buying the banana

they always looked for a big tree

he walked home

the old man is cashing a check

he brought that for me

Yes at first we remained

this little pig went to market


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C R E O L E

a. mo pe aste sa banan

b. de bin alde luk dat big tri

c. a waka go a wosu

d. olmaan i kas-im chek

e. li pote sa bay mo

f. ja fruher wir bleiben

g. dis smol swain i bin go fo maket

French based Seychelles Creole

English based Roper River Creole

English based Saran

English based Cape York Creole

French based Guyanais

German based Papua New Guinea Pidgin German

English based Cameroon Pidgin


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D E C R E O L I Z A T I O N

Decreolizationis the process through which a creole

language gradually becomes more like the standard

language of a region.


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C O N C L U S I O N

The vocabulary of a pidgin or a creole has a great many

similarities to that of the standard language with which it

is associated. However, it will be much more limited, andphonological and morphological simplification often

leads to words assuming somewhat different shapes.

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Chapter 3 - Pidgin, Creole