Chapter-3 Multimedia Authoring and Integration

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453 ISC 3Multimedia Applications

Unit 1

Chapter-3:Multimedia Authoring andIntegration

:


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Outline

Design Basics What is Authoring?

Functions of MM software

Authoring Tools

MM Navigation

Interactivity

Animation using MM

Authoring Systems, Tools and its types

MM programming tools

Authoring Vs Programming

Summary

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Design Basics

Develop the program script of concept Outline your program Develop a flow chart Develop the program storyboard Prepare scripts for narration, text, and

video Consider copyrights Plan the production of music, audio, and

video

Prepare the project time lines and budget


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Multimedia Authoring

Multimedia authoring involves collating,

structuring and presenting information in

the form of a digital multimedia, which can

incorporate text, audio, and still and movingimages.

Output of Authoring process is generally a

Multimedia S/W that can be executed onclient machine with required libraries

installed.


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Functions of MMA Software1. Importing

digital form of text, graphics, video & audio1. Creating

design, edit, paint, draw, develop charts,capture sound, program math operations1. Integrating

sequence, time, link, script, provide,feedback, database etc4. Delivery

packaging as the self-running MMA


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MM Authoring Tools-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Card/page based PowerPoint, SuperCard, HyperCard

Time basedAdobe Premiere, etc

Icon basedAuthorware, etc

Theatrical-frame based Macromedia Director, etc

Object basedAlice, etc


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Multimeida Editing tool

Media Tool

Audio Cool Edit pro, Sound forge, Sonar, Web Lab

Video Adobe Premiere, Video Studio, Windows movie

Maker(XP only)Graphics(ImageEditing)

Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo Paint, Photo Impact

Graphics(VectorIllustrations)

Adobe Illustrator, Corel DRAW, Freehand

3D Animation 3D studio Max, Maya, Softimage, Light Wave 3D

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Multimeida Authoring tool

Product Company

Director Macromedia (http://www.macromedia.com)

AuthorWare Macromedia (http://www.macromedia.com)Flash Macromedia (http://www.macromedia.com)

Tool bookIllustrator Click2learn(http://www.click2learn.com)

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MM Authoring Tools(Metaphors: capabilities & complexities)

--- MM capable Presentation Tools

Allows interactive branching

PowerPoint, HG, Macromedia Action

Dedicated Media Integration Tools Allows sequencing of MM events and elements

Asymmetric Media Blitz, IBM storyboard Live etc

Professional MM Development Tools Complex and powerful

Used for highly interactive MMA

Author ware, Director, Apple HyperCard etc


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Charecteristic of authoring tool

Ability to handle different kinds of media

Bundled multimedia libriry

Mapping features Programming feature and environment

Segmentation functionality

Compilation capability and runtime players Media embedding capabilities

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Selection of Authoring Tools---

Programming Expertise Team Expertise Purpose of MMA Time Budget Finance Modalities Needed


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Preferred Authoring Tools

Business Astound, Macro Action, Authorware

Education Director, Authorware, Authority, Hypercard

Games Director, Hypercard, Hyperstudio

CyberArt

Director


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Authoring Basics Navigation - linear, branching

buttons, icons, graphics

hypertext

alphanumeric responses

object matching

(yes/no?) yes
http://../EIE_SC/Jesse/jacobw/Spieflat/extrusion/spieflatExtru10.wrl


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Linear- Sequential navigation

Hierarchical- Navigation through a branchingstructure

Nonlinear- Without a prescribed path

Composite- Free/Determined navigation

three clicks away from anywhere.

MA Navigation


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Navigation structure-branching Internet Hypertext Hypertext Pull-down Menus Recording User responses Key-press responses Dragging PromptingKey: appropriate selection and implementation.

Interactivity


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Path-based Animation (twinning) step recording

real-time recording

in-between in-between special

Cell-based Animation space to time

cast to time

Types of Animation


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Combinations Cell and Path Based

link a sequence with paste relative

film loop

Script or Program Based for frequent switch frames on the screen, special loop,

etc

3D Modelling Animation carry out through both time and relative space;

3D object with shading and texturing;


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Authoring versus programming

Authoring tools are what we call high leveltools

A lot of the technical details of how things aredone is hidden from the developer. The

developer can concentrate on the functionalityinstead of how to make the hardware work

Can be used by non-programmers

Programming tools are low level tools

They provide access to the low level hardwarefeatures for those who want to get the most outof the computer

Are used by programmers or software engineers


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The components of an

authoring tool Most authoring systems provide facilities for:

Loading and saving media assets (graphics,sounds, videos, text, etc.)

Creating or editing audio and graphic images Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to

create a single page)

Animation / transition effects

Specifying the sequence of the applicationAdding interactive controls for navigation and

actions at run-time

Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions


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Classes of Authoring Tools

CDROM-Based Authoring Tools

multimedia-based authoring tools

Internet or Web-enabled (have Internet play

capabilities)

Web-Based Authoring Tools

WWW publishing tools

mostly used by developers

Web-Based Course Management Tools

Internet/Web integrated applications


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CDROM-Based Authoring Tools

Examples : Macromedia Director, Hypercard, Adobe Authorware,

Asymetrix Toolbook

Attributes include:

Utilized with CDROM and videodisc technologies Not originally designed to take advantage of the inherent

and unique features of the Web

Require a steep learning curve in order to take fulladvantage of their features

Instructional Applications include: CBI/CBT/CAI, simulations, games, microworlds,

tutorials, individualized instruction, self-containedinteractive modules


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Web-Based Authoring Tools

Examples include: Microsoft FrontPage, Macromedia DreamWeaver, Claris

Homepage, Adobe PageMill, Homesite

Attributes include:

Utilized with Internet and Web-based technologies Require a steep learning curve in order to take full advantage of

their features

WYSIWYG

Instructional applications include: Personal and institutional Web pages, Web publishing,

organization of Web-based resources, structured Web sites tosupport WBI, complex animations and interactions when used

with high level scripting languages


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Types of authoring system

There are numerous development modelsthat can be used for multimedia applications

Authoring systems generally fall into one or

more of the following categories: Slide, card or frame based

Icon based

The score model

Object-oriented models

Scripting language based

Some systems combine one or more of these

to create more sophisticated tools


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Slide, card or frame based

Each part of the application is self-contained ina singlepage

Each page is created separately and then

integrated into the final applicationA page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to

provide navigation or pages may be sequentially

viewedThere may be global parameters that can be set

to affect the entire application e.g. background colour, default font, etc.


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Icon-based authoring

Each part is representedan icon (symbolic picture)

Each icon does a specific

task, e.g. plays a sound Icons are then linked

together to form complete

applications Can easily visualise the

structure and navigationof the final application

A screenshot of

Macromedia Authorware


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The score modelThis model has an analogy with a musical score

Instead of musical instruments playing noteswe have multimedia objects (sounds, images,video, text, etc.) that do something at specific

points (times) in the scoreThere is usually some way to animate the

objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes,

etc.) between each transition (i.e. when theystart and when they finish)

Each multimedia object lives in a track

A score has one or more tracks


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Scores and timelines Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data

during the course of a presentation or application Time is represented along the x-axis

Tracks are represented along the y-axis

The developer can move objects left and right to change theorder of the information and can lengthen or shorten the barsto change their duration

5 seconds0 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds

Animation

Voice over (narration)Video

Background musicTrack 1

Track 2

Track 3

Track 4


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Scripting language based models

Scripting languages are cut-down versions ofcomplete programming languages

They tend to have less features and are therefore

easier to learn Scripting models allow the developer to

write small scripts (programs) which can beassociated with a multimedia object

e.g. you may write a script to make a graphicimage move across the screen or to make a

window pop up when an item is clicked


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Object-oriented models

In an object-oriented model, everything that can beput in an application is considered an object

Every object has: State - A description of its unique properties

e.g. a graphic images state would describe its size, colour depth,authors name, etc.

Behaviour - The things that the object can do e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound

Icon and score-based models usually have object-oriented features also

Objects are self contained and can be reused in laterprojects


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Multimedia programming tools

Programming tools differ from authoring

tools in that they tend to be much lower level

and require the developer to have more

knowledge of the underlying hardware andprogramming language

Programming tools give the developer

access to much more functionality thanauthoring tools but require much more effort

(and money!)


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Basic Tools vs Packages

HTML Embed graphics / sound

/ video

Lack of structure

Powerpoint Easy but cheesy

Quicktime

Flash

Director / Shockwave

Plug-ins

VRML

Music plug-ins


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Common issues

Compression

Streaming Good Interactivity needs programming

Ease of use for the user

Audience acceptability


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Choosing a Right Authoring Tool

Who will be the users?

What is the project's purpose?

What is the delivery platform?

What is the limit of the budget?

What multimedia elements will be presented?

What authoring tools are available?


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PowerPoint

Easy and popular Exports to HTML

Import bitmaps

Can play movies

Can embed hyperlinks

Poor on Interactivity

Accepts wav files


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Microsoft PowerPointhttp://www.microsoft.com/office/powerpoint/

PowerPoint is: a business graphics package

a slide-based multimedia tool

Supports vector graphics, bitmappedimages, sound, video and hyperlinks

Supports manyslide transitions andanimations (see right)

Developers can script objects to makethem display at specific times or events The events are represented by a limited

number of presets and cannot be altered


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QuickTime

Container for time

based-media

Digital video or

animations with

sound

Not just video -

Flash,Midi

Mature


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Macromedia Director

Director is a package with many features Sound and audio editing

Bitmap and vector graphics editing

Asset management Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score

The Cast are the media assets

The Stage is the screen or individual page

The Score is the sequence of events Director has its own programming language called

Lingo which can be used to add new functionality

Director is one of the most widely used PC tools


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Macromedia Director

Mature

CDROM, Web, Kiosk

Bitmap graphics

Complex Scripting- Lingo

Shockwave for the web Cross-platform & Media


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Director - Theatrical Metaphor

Stage - Main Window

Cast - Media

Score -Timeline of frames

Lingo on events - programming

Shockwave - web


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Director uses the metaphor of a Movie.

Movies are made of a series of individual frames.

The Stage is the area where the movie plays.

The objects on the Stage are called Sprites.

Sprite 1 is put at the back of the Stage.

Each subsequent sprite sits on top of the last.


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The Cast is everything that you want tocreate your movie.

Director has its own Paint, Text and Vector

Shape Windows for creating cast members.

The Score is where you edit your movie.

There is a playback head which pass through

each individual frame across the schedule.


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LingoLingo is the script language to

enhance the interactivity.

Interactions and events can be

synchronised.

It is not easy to modify initial design.


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Macromedia Flashhttp://www.macromedia.com/software/flash/productinfo/

Flash is a tool for creating animated vector

graphics and multimedia

It uses a timeline and object-oriented model

Has a very useful feature called tweening

which can be used to create animations

You specify a start and end point and Flash

calculates all the in-between frames of theanimation

Flash is a popular format on websites


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Macromedia Flash screenshot

Tracks

Timeline

Tweening


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Flash

Vector graphics Designed for the web - tiny files

Key frame animation

Action scripts for events

True Streaming

Sound, .wav or mp3

Fl h T


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Flash - Terms

Stage Media Elements are Instanceson

the stage

Library ofsymbols

Timeline

Actionscripts to trigger events


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Shockwave

Shockwave is a plug-in from Macromedia which

allows web delivery of their multimedia

presentations

There are different versions of Shockwave for usewith Director, Authorware, and FreeHand

A Director movies which is to be viewed through a

browser using the Shockwave plug-in has to be

saved as a Shockwave movie

The Director movie is compressed and made

ready for the web


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Beginners tips for authoring

Best to use templates

or libraries found in

tutorials or from the

web Find something

similar

Small segments rather

than one large movie

Keep the file-size

down


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What to choose?

PowerPoint - simplicity

Flash best forinterfaces,slideshow-

streaming

Director good forprograms and

simulations


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Creating a multimedia project

Overall vision Putting together a team

The scope of the presentation

Planning how parts will interact Writing the script

Storyboarding

Alpha and beta testing Mastering to CD


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SummaryTwo types of tools that can be used to create

multimedia applications:

Authoring tools

Programming tools

Each has their own set of pros and cons:

Authoring tools are generally quicker to learn and canbe used by non-programmers but may have limited

flexibility Programming tools are more difficult to use and require

good programming knowledge but can be much moreflexible

Documents

Chapter-3 Multimedia Authoring and Integration