Multimedia Authoring ToolsPertemuan 8

Matakuliah : T0732 / Sistem Multimedia

Tahun : 2007

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan

mampu :• memilih jenis - jenis authoring tools

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Outline Materi

• Multimedia Authoring

• Types of Authoring System

• Multimedia Programming Tools

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Multimedia Authoring

• Authoring tools provide an integrated environment for binding together the different elements of a Multimedia production.

Graphic

Video Animation

Audio

Text

Authoring

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The Components of an Authoring Tool

• Most authoring systems provide facilities for:– Loading and saving media assets (graphics, sounds,

videos, text, etc.)– Creating or editing audio and graphic images– Page or slide building (layering multimedia data to

create a single page)– Animation / transition effects– Specifying the sequence of the application– Adding interactive controls for navigation and actions at

run-time– Creation of CD-ROM or web-based distributions

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Types of Authoring System

• There are numerous development models that can be used for multimedia applications

• Authoring systems generally fall into one or more of the following categories:– Slide, card or frame based– Icon based– The score model– Object-oriented models– Scripting language based

• Some systems combine one or more of these to create more sophisticated tools

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Slide, Card or Frame Based• In these, authoring systems elements are organised as pages of a

book or a stack of cards.

• The authoring system lets you link these pages or cards into organised sequences.

• You can jump, on command, to any page you wish in a structured navigation pattern.

• A page may contain hyperlinks to other pages to provide navigation or pages may be sequentially viewed

• There may be global parameters that can be set to affect the entire application– e.g. background colour, default font, etc.

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Slide, Card or Frame Based

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Icon-Based Authoring

• Each part is represented an icon (symbolic picture)

• Each icon does a specific task, e.g. plays a sound

• Icons are then linked together to form complete applications

• Can easily visualise the structure and navigation of the final application

A screenshot of Macromedia Authorware

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Icon-Based Authoring

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The Score Model

• This model has an analogy with a musical score

• Instead of musical instruments playing notes we have multimedia objects (sounds, images, video, text, etc.) that do something at specific points (times) in the score

• There is usually some way to animate the objects (e.g. rotation, scaling, colour changes, etc.) between each transition (i.e. when they start and when they finish)

• Each multimedia object lives in a track

• A score has one or more tracks

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Scores and Timelines• Timelines are a useful way of representing multimedia data during the

course of a presentation or application– Time is represented along the x-axis– Tracks are represented along the y-axis

• The developer can move objects left and right to change the order of the information and can lengthen or shorten the bars to change their duration

5 seconds0 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds

AnimationVoice over (narration)

Video

Background musicTrack 1

Track 2

Track 3

Track 4

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Scores and Timelines

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Scripting Language Based Models

• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages

– They tend to have less features and are therefore easier to learn

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Scripting Language Based Models

• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object

– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked

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Scripting Language Based Models

• Scripting languages are cut-down versions of complete programming languages– They tend to have less features and are therefore

easier to learn

• Scripting models allow the developer to write small scripts (programs) which can be associated with a multimedia object– e.g. you may write a script to make a graphic image

move across the screen or to make a window pop up when an item is clicked

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Object-oriented models• In an object-oriented model, everything that can be put in

an application is considered an object

• Every object has:– State - A description of its unique properties

• e.g. a graphic image’s state would describe its size, colour depth, author’s name, etc.

– Behaviour - The things that the object can do• e.g. a video can be played, stopped or rewound

• Icon and score-based models usually have object-oriented features also

• Objects are self contained and can be reused in later projects

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Microsoft PowerPoint

• PowerPoint is:– a “business graphics” package

– a slide-based multimedia tool

• Supports vector graphics, bitmappedimages, sound, video and hyperlinks

• Supports many slide transitions and animations (see right)

• Developers can script objects to make them display at specific times or events– The events are represented by a limited

number of presets

– and cannot be altered

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Macromedia Director• Director is a package with many features

– Sound and audio editing– Bitmap and vector graphics editing– Asset management

• Uses a metaphor of cast, stage and score– The Cast are the media assets– The Stage is the screen or individual page– The Score is the sequence of events

• Director has its own programming language called Lingo which can be used to add new functionality

• Director is one of the most widely used PC tools

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Macromedia Director

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Macromedia Flash

• Flash is a tool for creating animated vector graphics and multimedia

• It uses a timeline and object-oriented model

• Has a very useful feature called tweening which can be used to create animations– You specify a start and end point and Flash calculates all the in-

between frames of the animation

• Flash is a popular format on websites.

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Macromedia Flash ScreenshotTracksTracksTracksTracks

TimelineTimelineTimelineTimeline

TweeningTweeningTweeningTweening

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Multimedia Programming Tools

• Programming tools differ from authoring tools in that they tend to be much lower level and require the developer to have more knowledge of the underlying hardware and programming language

• Programming tools give the developer access to much more functionality than authoring tools but require much more effort (and money!)

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Authoring versus Programming

Programming Language Authoring System

•Require programming skills•Difficult to use•Inexpensive•Low level program•Program run quickly •General Purpose Tool

•Designed for non-programmers•Easy to use•Expensive•High level program•Programs run slowly•Facilitates multimedia & instructional design