Chapter 3 Internetworking - Elsevier€¦ · Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. 63. FIGURE 3.62 Network for Exercise 69. Title: Slide 1 Author: Peter Ashenden Created

1Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved

Chapter 3

Computer Networks, 5th Edition

Internetworking


FIGURE 3.1 A switch provides a star topology.


FIGURE 3.2 Datagram forwarding: an example network.


FIGURE 3.3 An example of a virtual circuit network.


FIGURE 3.4 A packet is sent into a virtual circuit network.


FIGURE 3.5 A packet makes its way through a virtual circuit network.


FIGURE 3.6 ATM cell format at the UNI.


FIGURE 3.7 Source routing in a switched network (where the switch reads the rightmost number).


FIGURE 3.8 Three ways to handle headers for source routing: (a) rotation; (b) stripping; (c) pointer. The labels are read right to left.


FIGURE 3.9 Illustration of a learning bridge.


FIGURE 3.10 Extended LAN with loops.


FIGURE 3.11 Example of (a) a cyclic graph; (b) a corresponding spanning tree.


FIGURE 3.12 Spanning tree with some ports not selected.


FIGURE 3.13 Two virtual LANs share a common backbone.


FIGURE 3.14 A simple internetwork. Hn = host; Rn = router.


FIGURE 3.15 A simple internetwork, showing the protocol layers used to connect H5 to H8 in Figure 3.14. ETH is the protocol that runs over the Ethernet.


FIGURE 3.16 IPv4 packet header.


FIGURE 3.17 IP datagrams traversing the sequence of physical networks graphed in Figure 3.14.


FIGURE 3.18 Header fields used in IP fragmentation: (a) unfragmented packet; (b) fragmented packets.


FIGURE 3.19 IP addresses: (a) class A; (b) class B; (c) class C.


FIGURE 3.20 Subnet addressing.


FIGURE 3.21 An example of subnetting.


FIGURE 3.22 Route aggregation with CIDR.


FIGURE 3.23 ARP packet format for mapping IP addresses into Ethernet addresses.


FIGURE 3.24 A DHCP relay agent receives a broadcast DHCPDISCOVER message from a host and sends a unicast DHCPDISCOVER to the DHCP server.


FIGURE 3.25 DHCP packet format.


FIGURE 3.26 An example of virtual private networks: (a) two separate private networks; (b) two virtual private networks sharing common switches.


FIGURE 3.27 A tunnel through an internetwork. 18.5.0.1 is the address of R2 that can be reached from R1 across the internetwork.


FIGURE 3.28 Network represented as a graph.


FIGURE 3.29 Distance-vector routing: an example network.


FIGURE 3.30 Example network running RIP.


FIGURE 3.31 RIPv2 packet format.


FIGURE 3.32 Flooding of link-state packets: (a) LSP arrives at node X; (b) X floods LSP to A and C; (c) A and C flood LSP to B (but not X); (d) flooding is complete.


FIGURE 3.33 Link-state routing: an example network.


FIGURE 3.34 OSPF header format.


FIGURE 3.35 OSPF link-state advertisement.


FIGURE 3.36 Revised ARPANET routing metric versus link utilization.


FIGURE 3.37 A general-purpose processor used as a packet switch.


FIGURE 3.38 A 4×4 switch.


FIGURE 3.39 Simple illustration of head-of-line blocking.


FIGURE 3.40 A 4×4 crossbar switch.


FIGURE 3.41 A self-routing header is applied to a packet at input to enable the fabric to send the packet to the correct output, where it is removed: (a) Packet arrives at input port; (b) input port attaches self-routing header to direct packet to correct output; (c) self- routing header is removed at output port before packet leaves switch.


FIGURE 3.42 Routing packets through a banyan network. The 3-bit numbers represent values in the self-routing headers of four arriving packets.


FIGURE 3.43 Block diagram of a router.


FIGURE 3.44 Example network for Exercises 1 and 2.


FIGURE 3.45 Network for Exercise 3.


FIGURE 3.46 Diagram for Exercise 4.




FIGURE 3.48 Network for Exercises 13 and 14.


FIGURE 3.49 Network for Exercises 15 and 16.




FIGURE 3.51 Extended LAN for Exercise 18.


FIGURE 3.52 Loop for Exercises 19 and 20.


FIGURE 3.53 Network for Exercises 46, 48, and 54.




FIGURE 3.55 Site for Exercise 51.


FIGURE 3.56 Simple network for Exercise 57.


FIGURE 3.57 Networks for Exercise 60.











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Chapter 3 Internetworking - Elsevier€¦ · Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. 63. FIGURE 3.62 Network for Exercise 69. Title: Slide 1 Author: Peter Ashenden Created