Chapter 3 & Chapter 12 Newspapers Expanding DeliveryNews and Information: Getting

Personal

Fitch Group Exec. – Fitch Ratings

“In 2009 and 2010, all the two-newspaper markets will become one-newspaper markets. . . And you will start to see one-newspaper market become no-newspaper markets.”

“Concepts about what the public should know, when they should know it and who should decide what the public needs to know.”

News

Newspapers1690 – 1920 – Only mass news media

available.

Newspapers TodayPart of large media companies rather than family

run-operations Primarily depend on advertising

Newsstand sale subscriptionsExperiencing staff cuts - newspapers have

declined since the 1970’s, especially among youth. 1990s - Newspapers offer Internet editionsUse syndicates - Associated Press, Reuters Regional editions Computers

Government Restrictions

Non- IndependentIndependent Press

1690 - Publick Occurrences –America’s First Newspaper. “Published by Authority” – approval by the British

Government 1721 - James Franklin started New England

Courant, first independent Press 1733 – John Zenger from the New York Weekly

Journal – arrested & jailed for attacking governor.

Early NewspapersPublick Occurrences

The New-England Courant

Early Newspapers

1734 - Freedom of the Press PrecedentSeditious Language – language that

authorities believe could insight rebellion against the government.

Libelous – False statement that damages a person by questioning their character or reputation.

1798 – Alien and Sedition Laws Anyone who, “shall write, print, or

publish . . . False, scandalous, and malicious writing or writings against the government of the U.S. or either house of the Congress of the U.S., or the President of the U.S.” could be fined up to $2,000 and jailed for two years.”

Lasted two years. Read p. 51

Newspaper Expansion

Newspaper Expansion-19th century technology – cheaper newsprint, mechanized printing, telegraph, railroad

Frontier JournalismEthnic Newspapers

1827 – John B. Russworm & Samuel Cornish, 1st African American paper, Freedom’s Journal – 1829

1847 - Fredrick Douglass’s North Star 1828 – Elias Boudinot, 1st Native American

Newspaper, Cherokee Phoenix – 183Protest Revival in 1960’s

Vietnam War, Civil Rights Movement, Gay Rights Movement

Cheap Press Penny Press in 1833

Sensationalism, Gossip, Giveaways, color press, comics, color comics

Mid 1850’s - Unionization & Professionalism, Code of Ethics, Coincides with the War (Photos)

Tabloids in 1920’s

Photos in Press Civil War – Mathew BradyFirst News Photographer

Listen to this report Special bulletin about the first bombing of

London, 1000 dead, 2000 injured. P. 257

Other Media Emerges in Popularity1920’s - Radio (1899) - WWII

Read p. 57

Television - 1950’s (1907) Add graphics and vivid color

Internet -

Today’s News, p. 263

1980 - Ted Turner’s - CNN

MSNBC

Internet - Blogs & Social Media, p. 267

Blogs

Twitter

YouTube

How do Newspapers Survive?

Challenges Facing NewspapersThe challenge facing newspaper owners

today is how to make money with something people can get for free? How to make a profit in a world of excess information?

National advertisers buy much more television time than printed newspaper space, but small community businesses still need local newspapers to advertise their products and services.

Today’s Internet EditionsMore popular than paper editions

Chat rooms

Archived stories

Adjustments Made All-platform journalists “one man band”–

write the story, take pictures, shoot video and edit

Digital Journalists – report live with laptops, cell phones cameras.

How can Newspapers Maintain Their Existence in the Digital Media Age? Content?

Teen Sections – Wall Street Journal H.S. classroom

Daycare Beat – Charlotte Observer Women’s Sports

Expansion Audience? Producing Spanish Language Editions for

Newspapers – Language Translators Internet Components?

Make More Interactive Components How to make money from internet Page 267-268

Chris Anderson, Editor & Chief of Wired Newspaper Discussion

The End