Chapter 3New Colonies1620s-1730s

Pages 33-36

New Colonies Most colonies offered religious liberty and

allowed participation in local government

King Charles IIssued a charter for the formation

of the Massachusetts Bay Company

Massachusetts Bay Company A joint-stock company composed of

Puritan businessmen King Charles I issued this company a

charter granting them a large piece of land in the territory that was controlled by the Council for New England--- He failed to specify that the company headquarters must be in England.

John Winthrop 1st Governor of the

Massachusetts Bay Company

“Great Migration” 25,000 Puritans (about 4,000 families)

came to the New World to escape religious persecution in England between 1630 and 1642.

“A City Upon a Hill” The Puritans wished to be “a city upon a

hill,” an example to the world and fully embody God’s truth.

Success of Massachusetts Bay Colony Their success was largely due to the

character of the people, who were deeply rooted in the teachings of the Bible.

Harvard College

1st institution of higher learning in America to prepare young men for the ministry

The Puritans led the way in the education of young children in colonial America because they were concerned that everyone should be able to read the Bible for themselves.

Ole’ Deluder Satan Act Established the first town school system

in America. The purpose was to defeat Satan from keeping men from the knowledge of the Scriptures.

All towns of at least 50 families had to hire a teacher to teach their children to read and write.

Towns of at least 100 households had to establish a Latin grammar school to provide an education for future clergymen, preparing them for Harvard.

Evangelizing to the Indians The charter for the Massachusetts Bay set

a goal of evangelizing to the natives.

John EliotApostle to the Indians

Algonquin Bible John Eliot translated the Bible in the native

language of the Indians. This became the first Bible printed in America

Puritan Work EthicBelief that: Man is called to work All work has a sense of nobility A Christian serves God best by working

diligently and faithfully in his calling

Pages 36-38

Thomas HookerHe and his followers founded Hartford, Connecticut

Adopted the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut” which was considered the first written constitution in America.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Usually considered to be the first written constitution in America

Roger WilliamsFounder of Rhode Island

He promoted political and religious freedom

He insisted that civil government should not interfere in religious affairs

In 1635, the General Court found Roger Williams guilty of “new and dangerous ideas” and banished him from the colony. He spent a bitterly cold winter in the wilderness with friendly Indians. In Spring of 1636, he founded Providence.

A Key Into the Language of America

Published by Roger Williams in 1643. A guide to learning the Indian language and winning them to Christ.

Baptists Stood for the idea that political authorities

should have no control over the churches and for religious liberty for all

The first Baptist church in America was founded in Rhode Island

The colony of Rhode Island set an important precedent for political and

religious liberty

New England Confederation League of Friendship The first voluntary American union

Chief purpose of the New England Confederation was to provide mutual defense against: Unfriendly Indians The Dutch The French

King Philip’s WarAngered by the sale of liquor to Indians and by

renegade whites in Massachusetts, King Philip, tried to unite the Indian tribes against the settlers.

Sir Edmund AndrosSent by King James to unite the New England colonies

under the Dominion of New England

Glorious Revolution

Marked the end of the absolute monarchy in England and set the stage for parliamentary

government

Pages 39-41

Henry HudsonFirst claimed the land that is now New York for the

Dutch.

Peter MinuitPurchased Manhattan Island from the Indians for trading goods

worth about $24

New Netherland New Amsterdam,

Fort Orange, and other settlements along the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers made up the Dutch colony of New Netherland

Patroon SystemEach patroon (owner or head of a company)

received a large tract of land along a navigable river in exchange for transporting 50 people in the New World to settle on that

land.

New SwedenFirst successful settlement in Delaware

Log Cabin Early Swedish settlers introduced the log

cabin to America. The log cabin became a lasting symbol of American frontier life.

The English considered the Dutch to be intruders for a number of reasons:1. New Netherland was in between English

colonies in the North and in the South. 2. The Dutch were trading fur with the

Indians. 3. They controlled the harbor at New

Amsterdam4. John Cabot explored the area for England

before Henry Hudson did

Proprietary Colony

A colony granted to an English nobleman by the King. The proprietor could (within limits) govern the land as he pleased.

English take control of New Netherland

1664- King Charles II granted New Netherland to his brother the Duke of York. He sent a fleet of ships to take control of the colony. The Dutch governor tried to fight but the people did not support him, so the English took over the colony of New Netherland.

New York Both New Netherland and the city of New

Amsterdam were renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York.

Maryland1st successful proprietary colony

George CalvertFirst Lord Baltimore

Cecilius CalvertSecond Lord Baltimore

Leonard Calvert1st Governor of Maryland

Toleration Act Adopted by Maryland in 1649 Granted freedom of worship to all who

professed the name of Christ

Carolina In 1663, King Charles II granted the land

south of Virginia to 8 noblemen. They named the region Carolina.

North and South Carolina Split In 1712, the land grant for Carolina was

officially divided into two separate colonies, North and South Carolina.

Pages 41-44

When the Duke of York took over New Netherland, he gave the area between the

Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley. They

called the land “New Jersey.”

Sir George Carteret & Lord John Berkeley

To attract settlers to New Jersey, they offered land on easy terms and religious freedom.

Quakers“Society of Friends.” They followed no set system of worship. They met in “meeting houses” instead of formal churches. They

believed each man should follow his “inner light.”

In 1681, Charles II granted a large piece of land to William Penn as repayment for a debt owed

to Penn’s father. Charles II named the land Pennsylvania, which means “Penn’s Woods” in

honor of William Penn’s father.

William PennFounded Pennsylvania

as a haven for Quakers where they could practice religion free of harassment.

Philadelphia“City of Brotherly Love”

Became an important trading center and the largest city in the colonies

DelawareThe Duke of York gave William Penn land along the lower Delaware River. He organized this land into the colony of Delaware. This gave Pennsylvania access to

the Atlantic Ocean.

James OglethorpeFounder of Georgia

A wealthy and influential businessman with a kind spirit.

Georgia In 1732, King George II granted James Oglethorpe a

large piece of land to create a refuge where prisoners who were too poor to pay off their debts could work to pay them off. They named the colony Georgia in honor of King George II.

Savannah Founded in 1733 when Oglethorpe and the

first settlers arrived.

A Variety of people settled in Georgia. Some sought political and religious freedom, and some sought new economic opportunity.

Georgia did not work out as Oglethorpe had planned, because only about a dozen settlers were actually debtor prisoners.

Many Georgia settlers were dissatisfied with the small tracts of land Oglethorpe gave them, and wanted free access to large tracts of land.