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Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
• Identify the events that led to the War Hawks’ call for war.
• Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the War of 1812.
• Explain the significance of the War of 1812.
Objectives
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Why did the United States go to war with Britain, and what was the outcome of that war?
In 1812, the United States found itself involved in a major war that tested its strength and the solidarity of its people.
Americans managed to fight the war and get the country back on track in its aftermath.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Americans faced trouble from Native Americans.
• Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to unite Native Americans to fight American expansion.
• Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown, Tecumseh’s village.
• Westerners blamed the British in Canada for arming the Indians, and demanded action.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
In 1811, the War Hawks took the lead in Congress.
• They were led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
• They denounced Britain’s impressment of U.S. sailors and its support for Native Americans.
• They believed an invasion of Canada would stop British aid to the Indians and force Britain to respect Americaat sea.
HENRY CLAY
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
The War of 1812 began when Congress declared war in June 1812.
• But the nation was totally unprepared with only a small army and navy.
• Thomas Jefferson advised Madison that an invasion of Canada would be easy.
• He proved wrongand repeated attempts to invade Canada failed.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Early on the British were occupied in Europe, allowing several American victories.
The small American navy did surprisingly well.
• The U.S.S. Constitution defeated H.M.S. Guerrière
• Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie.
Americans won several victories against Native Americans.
• In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who was aiding the British.
• But attacks on Canada failed
In 1814, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek in Alabama.
• Jackson defeated the Seminoles and seized a fort at Pensacola.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4USS Constitution defeats HMS Guerriere
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4 Commodore Steven Decatur, USN
USS United States defeats HMS Macedonian
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
HMS Shannon defeats USS Chesapeake
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4 Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
In 1814, Britain defeated France and then launched a four-part offensive in America.
British troops occupied eastern Maine.
A second army invaded New York from Montreal but was turned back.
A third force invaded Maryland, burning Washington D.C., but failed to take Baltimore.
A fourth Army headed to New Orleans. They would be routed by Andrew Jackson.
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Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
The Americans’ worst humiliation came when British troops burned the White
House and Capitol.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
The unfinished United States Capitol after the burning of Washington.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
• Both sides agreed to return to pre-war boundaries.
• A commission was set up to discuss any future boundary disputes.
• Impressment and American neutrality were not discussed.
The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Treaty of Ghent
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
In January 1815, Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle of New Orleans. The battle took place after the war had officially ended. News of a treaty had not yet arrived.
Several events of the War of 1812 fostered American pride.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Fort McHenry
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
Flag flown at Fort McHenry, “The Star- Spangled Banner”
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
A group of Federalists held the Hartford Convention in December 1814 to consider secession
and making a separate peace with Britain.
After the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were discredited as traitors and by 1820,
the Federalist Party had disappeared.
The war was not popular with everyone.
Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold War BeginsThe War of 1812
Section 4
The War of 1812
