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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
• Trickling Filters
• Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
• Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge
(IFAS)
• Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)
Trickling filter media in a decommissioned filter. Red/orange color is
from precipitated iron that is naturally occurring in raw water.
Slime growth on rocks in an active trickling filter. Note that the media
“pore spaces” are too large to filter.
The “brown” tricking filter has been taken out of service prior to
decommissioning. The slime growth has died. The filter was washed
with treated “clear” water to wash the organic matter from the media.
The next series of slides shows the decommissioning of a tricking filter.
Some of these parts of the filter will be obvious in the slides.
Discharge
channel
Flushing the wastewater feed lines with “clear” treated wastewater as part of
the decommissioning process.
Excavation of the media from the trickling filter. The white lines show
the pattern of the filter drain blocks.
The white lines are snow. The dark lines are small ridges of soil
material that settled between the filter drain blocks.
Two parallel flow RBC tanks enclosed in single room. This arrangement allows
operators to visually compare the behavior of the individual RBCs. If one “wobbles”
it is immediately obvious in comparison to the others. This wobble is evidence of
asymmetrical loading that potentially leads to catastrophic mechanical failure.
The wastewater in the tank is aerated. These RBCs are rotated by “air power.”
The rising air pushes against the louvers to impart the rotation motion. This
system works well provided that the RBC does not become overloaded with
biological growth.
Louvers
When the biological slime growth becomes excessive, the operator continues
to aerate the RBC but shuts off the wastewater supply. As shown in this slide,
the biological slime layer then “burns itself” off by endogenous respiration.
The axel of the RBC is mounted on the walkway between the tanks.
Note the plastic sheeting to keep spray off the walkway.
A load cell is placed beneath the axel to keep track of the load on the RBC. As
the slime layer grows the load cell transmits the weight to a central computer.
This is another measure to keep from overloading the RBC.
Load cell
Installation of a BioWeb™ IFAS. Note fine bubble aerators below the IFAS unit.
Courtesy of Entex Technologies
Trickling Filter (1)
• Berbentuk unggun diam (fixed bed)
dengan kedalaman sekitar 1-3 meter
• Menggunakan batu sebagai media tempat
bertumbuhnya mikroba
• Air limbah dipercikan dari atas melalui
suatu lengan yang dapat berputar
Trickling Filter (4)
• Kebutuhan udara pada trickling filter dapat
disuplai dengan dua cara :
– Natural draft : mengandalkan perpindahan
alami karena adanya perbedaan suhu pada
tiap bagian unggun
– Forced draft : menggunakan blower
Perancangan Trickling Filter (1)
• Perancangan dengan menggunakan
perhitungan eksak sulit dilakukan karena
harus memperhitungkan sejumlah faktor
• Perancangan lebih sering menggunakan
persamaan-persamaan empirik
Perancangan Trickling Filter (2)
• Efisiensi pengolahan dengan trickling filter
dihitung dengan persamaan :
• F adalah recirculation factor yang dapat
dihitung dengan rumus :
5,01
12,41
1
+
=
FV
CQE
in
( )21,01
1
R
RF
+
+=
Perancangan Trickling Filter (3)
• Konsentrasi efluen yang dihasilkan dapat
dihitung dengan persamaan :
• Pengolahan limbah dengan trickling filter
dapat dibagi dalam beberapa tahap, tetapi
cara perhitungannya secara umum sama
( ) ine CEC −= 11
Perancangan Trickling Filter (4)
• Perhitungan yang telah dijelaskan
sebelumnya merupakan perhitungan untuk
operasi pada temperatur 20O C
• Apabila temperatur tidak sama dengan
20O C, perlu dilakukan koreksi efisiensi
dengan persamaan :( )20035,1 −= T
T EE
Rotating Bio Contactors (1)
• Mikroba tumbuh pada suatu pelat
lingkaran yang berputar
• Sebagian pelat terendam dalam air limbah
yang akan diolah
• Pada saat pelat berputar, terjadi
pergantian periodik antara kontak
mikroba-air limbah dan mikroba-udara