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Chapter 22Chapter 22
SW ASIASW ASIA
Religion, Politics and OilReligion, Politics and Oil
3 Religions in SW Asia3 Religions in SW Asia
Islam (Muslims) One God, AllahIslam (Muslims) One God, Allah
Muhammad messenger of AllahMuhammad messenger of Allah
Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on the Old Testamentthe Old Testament
Christianity – New Testament – story of Christianity – New Testament – story of Jesus – founder of ChristianityJesus – founder of Christianity
ISLAMISLAM
Monotheistic religionMonotheistic religion
Based on the teaching of the founder Based on the teaching of the founder
Muhammad first recitations of the Muhammad first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th centuryin the 7th century
Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam Faith (“no god but Allah)Faith (“no god but Allah)
Prayer (5 times a day)Prayer (5 times a day)
Charity (support less fortunate)Charity (support less fortunate)
Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)
Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)
GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSLIMSBY THE MUSLIMS
Theocratic – religious leaders control the Theocratic – religious leaders control the governmentgovernment
Government depends on religious lawsGovernment depends on religious laws
Often consult religious scholarsOften consult religious scholars
Ruhollah Khomeini
Iranian leader, called the Ayatollah (Arab., "gift of God," a religious title of honor), who led the revolution that toppled Muhammad Riza Shah Pahlavi in 1979.
WHO RULES WHO RULES SAUDI ARABIA?SAUDI ARABIA?
Saud familySaud family
OPECOPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesCountries
Helps member nations control world wide Helps member nations control world wide oil pricesoil prices
CHANGING MODES OF CHANGING MODES OF TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION
Cars, trucks, and cycles replace theCars, trucks, and cycles replace the
CamelCamel
MUSLIM SPIRITUAL MUSLIM SPIRITUAL TRADITIONTRADITION
Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from dawn to sunsetdawn to sunset
July 9 to August 7July 9 to August 7thth (30 days) (30 days)
MECCAMECCA
Saudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest citySaudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest city
Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to this holiest city of Islamthis holiest city of Islam
MOSQUEMOSQUE
Place of worship for MuslimsPlace of worship for Muslims
The Eastern MediterraneanThe Eastern MediterraneanSection 2Section 2
What are the monotheistic religionsWhat are the monotheistic religions
What role does Jerusalem play in this regionWhat role does Jerusalem play in this region
MONOTHEISTIC MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONSRELIGIONS
IslamIslam
JudaismJudaism
ChristianityChristianity
IMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEMIMPORTANCE OF JERUSALEM
Important part of each of their religious Important part of each of their religious historyhistory
Dome of the RockDome of the Rock
Dome of the RockDome of the Rock
a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the Jewish Temple. on the site of the Jewish Temple.
Western Wall (Wailing Wall)Western Wall (Wailing Wall)
Western WallWestern Wall
a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on certain occasions, assemble for prayer certain occasions, assemble for prayer and lamentation: traditionally believed to and lamentation: traditionally believed to be the remains of the western wall of be the remains of the western wall of Herod's temple, destroyed by the Herod's temple, destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. Romans in 70 A.D.
CREATION OF ISRAELCREATION OF ISRAEL
Came about in the 1940’sCame about in the 1940’s
Jews needed a homeland after WWIIJews needed a homeland after WWII
EASTERN EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FOODSMEDITERRANEAN FOODS Pita breadPita bread
ChickenChicken
LambLamb
ZIONISMZIONISM
A movement that began in the 19A movement that began in the 19thth century to create and support a Jewish century to create and support a Jewish homeland in Palestinehomeland in Palestine
PALESTIAN LIBERATION PALESTIAN LIBERATION ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
Formed in the 1960’sFormed in the 1960’s
Formed to regain the land for Palestinian Formed to regain the land for Palestinian Arabs (Muslims)Arabs (Muslims)
PLO has used political and military means PLO has used political and military means to take possession of Arab land in Israelto take possession of Arab land in Israel
MESOPOTAMIAMESOPOTAMIA
““Land between two rivers”Land between two rivers”
Tigris and EuphratesTigris and Euphrates
TWO MAIN BRANCHES TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF ISLAM (in Iraq)OF ISLAM (in Iraq)
SunniSunni
ShiiteShiite
KURDSKURDS
They are a nation of people without a They are a nation of people without a land to legally occupyland to legally occupy
OIL RESOURCES FUELS OIL RESOURCES FUELS CLASHES OVER LANDCLASHES OVER LAND
Powerful nations want to control this Powerful nations want to control this resource and are willing to fight for themresource and are willing to fight for them
KuwaitKuwait
TALIBANTALIBAN
An extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan An extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan that imposed strict rules on people’s that imposed strict rules on people’s behaviorbehavior
Osama Bin Laden