CRCT REVIEW!

1

•2 MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCES IN SW ASIA 2

•WATER AND OIL

3

•WATER RIGHTS

4

•THE RIGHTS A COUNTRY OR COUNTRIES HAVE TO WATER SOURCES

5

•EVENT THAT ENDED THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

6

•WW1

7

ETHNIC GROUP OF THE OTTOMANS

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•TURKS

9

•YEAR ISRAEL WAS ESTABLISHED

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•1948

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•BALFOUR DECLARATION

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•AGREEMENT BY BRITISH TO ESTABLISH ISRAEL

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•ETHNIC GROUP OF PALESTINIANS

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•ARABS

15

•MAIN REASON FOR CONFLICT IN ISRAEL

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•LAND AND RELIGIOUS TIES FROM JEWS AND ARABS 17

•ANTI-SEMITISM

18

•PREJUDICE AND HATRED TOWARDS JEWS

19

•HOLOCAUST

20

•THE MURDER OF MILLIONS OF JEWS BY HITLER IN WWII 21

•PERSIANS

22

•MAIN ETHNIC GROUP IN IRAN. MAJORITY ARE MUSLIM

23

•KURDS

24

•ETHNIC GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO USED TO LIVE IN KURDISTAN (NOW IN IRAQ, IRAN, AND OTHER SW ASIAN COUNTRIES. MAIN RELIGION IS ISLAM 25

•ARABS

26

•MAIN ETHNIC GROUP OF SW ASIA. MAJORITY ARE MUSLIMS. 27

•JEWS

28

•MAJORITY ETHNIC GROUP OF ISRAEL. RELIGIOUS GROUP IS JEWISH.

29

•JUDAISM

30

•RELIGION FOUNDED BY ABRAHAM. FIRST MONOTHEISTIC RELGION. FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED JEWS. HOLY BOOK IS THE TORAH. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A SYNAGOGUE. HOLIDAYS ARE HANAUKKAH AND PASSOVER 31

•CHRISTIANITY

32

•MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION FOUNDED BY JESUS. JESUS CLAIMED TO BE SON OF GOD. FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED CHRISTIANS. HOLY BOOK IS THE BIBLE. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A CHURCH. HOLIDAYS ARE CHRISTMAS AND EASTER.

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•ISLAM

34

•MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION FOUNDED BY MUHAMMAD. GOD IS NAMED ALLAH. HOUSE OF WORSHIP IS A MOSQUE. HOLY BOOK IS THE KORAN. HOLIDAY IS RAMADAN. HAS THE 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM, WHICH INCLUDE TAKING A HAJJ (PILGRIMIDGE TO MECCA). FOLLOWERS ARE CALLED MUSLIM.

35

•SUNNI AND SHIA MUSLIM

36

•SUNNI: ANYONE CAN BE CALIPH (LEADER OF ISLAM)•SHIA: ONLY DESCENDANTS OF MUHAMMAD CAN BE CALIPH. •SUNNI IS MAJORITY IN THE WORLD. 37

•ZIONISM

38

•A CALL FOR ALL JEWS TO REGAIN THEIR HOMELAND IN ISRAEL.

39

•LITERACY RATE AND STANDARD OF LIVING

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•LITERACY RATE: THE AMOUNT OF MEN AND WOMEN WHO CAN READ AND WRITE OVER THE AGE OF 15•STANDARD OF LIVING: HOW WELL THE PEOPLE IN A COUNTRY ARE DOING. 41

•UNITARY

42

•UNDER “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”.•CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS ALL THE POWER. STATE AND LOCAL HAVE NO POWER.

43

•FEDERAL

44

•UNDER CATEGORY OF “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”.•CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND STATE AND LOCAL SHARE THE POWER

45

•CONFEDERATION

46

•UNDER CATEGORY OF “HOW IS POWER DISTRIBUTED”.• STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

HAVE ALL THE POWER.•WE DO NOT STUDY ANY COUNTRIES

THAT ARE CONFEDERATIONS.•EXAMPLES ARE OPEC AND THE UN 47

•AUTOCRACY

48

•UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER?”•ONE PERSON IS IN CHARGE•AUTO MEANS SELF

49

•OLIGARCHY

50

•UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER?”•A FEW PEOPLE ARE IN CHARGE•EXAMPLES ARE COMMUNISM AND THEOCRACY

51

•DEMOCRACY

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•UNDER THE CATEGORY OF “WHO HAS ALL THE POWER”•CITIZENS ARE IN CHARGE•2 TYPES: PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL

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•PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

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•PRIME MINISTER IS HEAD OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH• LEGISLATIVE BRANCH IS THE

PARLIAMENT•PARLIAMENT VOTES IN THE PRIME

MINISTER•CITIZENS VOTE FOR MEMBERS OF

PARLIAMENT55

•PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY

56

•PRESIDENT IS HEAD OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH•CONGRESS IS LEGISLATIVE BRANCH•SUPREME COURT IS JUDICIAL BRANCH•CITIZENS VOTE FOR PRESIDENT AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 57

•SAUDI ARABIA

58

•ABSOLUTE MONARCHY•KING SAUD IS IN CHARGE•AUTOCRACY•UNITARY•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARD PURE COMMAND 59

•IRAN

60

•THEOCRACY/ ISLAMIC REPUBLIC•AYATOLLAHS MAKE ALL OF THE DECISIONS•OLIGARCHY•UNITARY•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND

61

•ISRAEL

62

•PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY•PARLIAMENT IS CALLED THE KNESSET•HAS A PRIME MINISTER•DEMOCRACY•UNITARY BECAUSE OF SIZE OF

COUNTRY•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE

TOWARDS PURE MARKET63

•TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM

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•QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PAST AND CUSTOMS (TRADITIONS).

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•MARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM

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•QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PEOPLE ONLY AND THERE IS NO GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE

67

•MIXED ECONOMIC SYSTEM

68

•QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE PEOPLE AND THE GOVERNMENT. ALL COUNTRIES WE HAVE STUDIED ARE MIXED EXCEPT FOR NORTH KOREA.

69

•COMMAND ECONOMIC SYSTEM

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•QUESTIONS OF WHAT TO PRODUCE, HOW TO PRODUCE, AND FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE ARE ANSWERED BY THE GOVERNMENT ONLY. NORTH KOREA IS THE ONLY PURE COMMAND ECONOMY. 71

•NEED VS. WANT

72

•NEED: WHAT A PERSON REQUIRES TO SURVIVE. EXAMPLES ARE FOOD, WATER, CLOTHING, AND SHELTER.

•WANT: WHAT A PERSON WANTS, BUT DOES NOT NEED TO SURVIVE. EXAMPLES ARE DESIGNER CLOTHING AND iPODS. 73

•SPECIALIZATION

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•WHAT A COUNTRY MAKES A LOT OF OR HAS A LOT OF. AND EXAMPLE WOULD BE SAUDI ARABIA AND OIL.

75

•EMBARGO

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•A BAN ON TRADE WITH ANOTHER COUNTRY. AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE US AND SOUTH AFRICA DURING APARTHEID

77

•TRADE BARRIERS

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•THINGS THAT MAKE TRADE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE. EXAMPLES CAN BE EMBARGOS OR NATURAL BARRIERS LIKE MOUNTAINS.

79

•CURRENCY EXCHANGE

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•A SYSTEM FOR MAKING CURRENCY (MONEY) EQUAL WHEREVER YOU ARE GOING SO THAT IT IS FAIR

81

•GDP•GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

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•THE AMOUNT THAT GOODS AND SERVICES MAKE A COUNTRY IN A YEAR

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•CAPITAL GOODS

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•TOOLS THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN MADE TO HELP PRODUCE SOMETHING. EXAMPLES ARE HAMMERS, DESKS, SAWS, ETC.

85

•HUMAN CAPITAL

86

•INVESTING IN ONE’S OWN EDUCATION AND TRAINING TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL

87

•ENTREPRENEURSHIP

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•SOMEONE WHO SEES AN OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE MONEY BY STARTING A BUSINESS, AND TAKES RISK TO MAKE IT HAPPEN

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•SCARCITY

90

•NOT ENOUGH OF A GOOD OR SERVICE TO MEET EVERYONE’S WANTS

91

•OPPORTUNITY COST

92

•THE COST OF GIVING SOMETHING UP FOR SOMETHING ELSE. AN EXAMPLE WOULD BE THE $40 DOLLAR PAIR OF SHOES YOU GAVE UP FOR THE $20 PAIR.

93

•OPEC

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•ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES•CONFEDERATION•CONTROLS THE PRICES AND DISTRIBUTION OF OIL

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•SAHARA AND SAHEL

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•SAHARA: DESERT THAT TAKES UP ALL OF NORTH AFRICA•SAHEL: SECTION OF LAND BELOW THE SAHARA

97

•DEFORESTATION AND DESERTIFICATION

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•DEFORESTATION: CUTTING DOWN OF TREES AND NOT REPLANTING THEM. •DESERTIFICATION: SPREAD OF DESERT LIKE CONDITIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, SOIL EROSION, AND ANIMAL GRAZING. 99

•BERLIN CONFERENCE

100

•CONFERENCE SET UP TO PARTITION (BREAK UP) AFRICA AMONGST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES•FRANCE AND BRITAIN HAD THE MOST 101

•COLONIZATION/ IMPERIALISM

102

•TO TAKE OVER A COUNTRY AND MAKE IT YOUR OWN

103

•EFFECTS OF COLONIZATION

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•ETHNIC CONFLICT•NEW POLITICAL BOUNDARIES DRAWN WITHOUT CONSIDERATION OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE THERE•CIVIL WAR

105

•ETHNIC GROUP

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•PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE SAME CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS. •DO NOT ALWAYS HAVE THE SAME RELIGION!•EXAMPLES ARE ARABS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, CAUCASIONS, AND LATINOS 107

•RELIGIOUS GROUPS

108

•PEOPLE WHO SHARE THE SAME SPIRITUAL BELIEFS.•ARE NOT ALWAYS THE SAME ETHNIC GROUP.•EXAMPLES ARE MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS, AND HINDUS 109

•APARTHEID

110

•THE SEPARATING OF RACES INTO 4 CATEGORIES: WHITE, BLACK, COLOURED, AND ASIAN.•VERY UNFAIR TO BLACKS.•THIS HAPPENED IN SOUTH AFRICA.

111

•F.W. DE KLERK

112

•WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT THAT HELPED END APARTHEID.•RELEASED NELSON MANDELA FROM PRISON.

113

•NELSON MANDELA

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•LEADER OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS.• IMPRISONED FOR PROTESTING APARTHEID.•HELPED END APARTHEID.•FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA IN 1994. 115

•AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

116

•ORGANIZATION PUT TOGETHER TO END COLONIZATION OF AFRICA

117

•PAN AFRICAN MOVEMENT

118

•A CALL FOR ALL AFRICANS IN EVERY NATION TO HELP END COLONIZATION OF AFRICA BY THE EUROPEANS

119

•ASHANTI, BANTU, SWAHILI

120

•ETHNIC GROUPS OF AFRICA•ASHANTI: WEST•BANTU: SOUTH•SWAHILI: EAST 121

•MAJOR HEALTH ISSUE IN AFRICA TODAY

122

•HIV/AIDS

123

•KENYA

124

•DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC•NOT A TRUE D.R.•DEMOCRACY•LOTS OF CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT 125

•SOUTH AFRICA

126

•DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC•TRUE D.R.•PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET 127

•SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN

128

•SUDAN CLAIMS TO BE A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC•REALLY A DICTATORSHIP•AUTOCRACY•SOUTH SUDAN HAS SEPARATED FROM SUDAN DUE TO GENOCIDE. SOUTH SUDAN IS A DEMOCRACY. 129

•NIGERIA

130

•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND•MUCH CORRUPTION•HAS LOTS OF OIL

131

•MAIN RESOURCES OF AFRICA

132

•DIAMONDS, GOLD, URANIUM, AND OIL

133

•2 POLLUTED RIVERS IN SOUTH AND SE ASIA 134

•GANGES(INDIA): HUMAN POLLUTION•YANGTZE(CHINA): INDUSTRIAL AND HUMAN WASTE 135

•NATIONALISM

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•LOVE AND DEVOTION TO ONE’S COUNTRY

137

•COLD WAR

138

•CONFLICT BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND COMMUNISM (MAINLY US AND USSR)•DOMINO THEORY:IF ONE COUNTRY

FALLS TO COMMUNISM, THEY ALL WILL•CONTAINMENT: CONTAINING

COMMUNISM AND NOT LETTING IT SPREAD

139

•VIETNAM: WHO COLONIZED? CAUSE OF VIETNAM WAR? 140

• FRENCH COLONIZED•HO CHI MINH WANTED COMMUNISM•NORTH VIETNAM: COMMUNIST• SOUTH VIETNAM: DEMOCRACY•RUSSIA HELPED NORTH, US HELPED

SOUTH•VIETNAM REMAINS COMMUNIST•MIXED ECONOMY

141

•KOREA AND CAUSES OF KOREAN WAR

142

• NORTH KOREA: COMMUNIST. WAS HELPED BY USSR• SOUTH KOREA: DEMOCRACY. WAS HELPED BY US.• NORTH KOREA INVADED SOUTH KOREA.• NORTH KOREA WAS PUSHED BACK AT 38TH

PARALLEL (DEMILITARIZED ZONE)• NORTH KOREA: PURE COMMAND ECONOMY.

MORE OF A DICTATORSHIP THAN COMMUNIST.• SOUTH KOREA: DEMOCRACY. MIXED ECONOMY

LEANING MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET.143

•MAO ZEDONG

144

•FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER IN CHINA.•DEFEATED THE NATIONALISTS IN 1949.

145

•CULTURAL REVOLUTION AND GREAT LEAP FORWARD

146

• CULTURAL REVOLUTION: MAO’S ATTEMPT TO REGAIN SUPPORT IN COMMUNISM. HAD RED GUARDS POLICE THE EDUCATED. FAILED AND MANY WERE KILLED.• GREAT LEAP FORWARD: WANTED FARMS

AND FACTORIES. HAD COMMUNES FOR PEOPLE TO WORK. FARMERS DIDN’T KNOW HOW TO WORK WITH STEEL. MANY STARVED TO DEATH. 147

•TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE

148

•1989: PROTESTERS WERE KILLED FOR WANTING MORE FREEDOMS.

149

•MOHANDAS GANDHI

150

•LEADER OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS•USED NON VIOLENCE TO PROTEST BRITISH COLONIZATION

151

•HINDUISM

152

• 7,000 YEARS OLD• NO SINGLE FOUNDER• ONE MAIN GOD (BRAHMAN), AND MILLIONS OF

OTHER GODS THAT COME FROM HIM.• BELIEVE IN KARMA (ACTIONS AND HOW THEY

AFFECT A PERSON’S SOUL) AND REINCARNATION (BEING BORN AGAIN AFTER DEATH).• BELIEVES IN CASTE SYSTEM (PEOPLE ARE BORN

INTO CASTES THAT DETERMINE PLACE IN LIFE).153

•BUDDHISM

154

• FOUNDED BY SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (LATER CALLED BUDDHA, WHICH MEANS ENLIGHTENED ONE)• DID NOT BELIEVE IN CASTE SYSTEM• HAS KARMA AND REINCARNATION• EIGHTFOLD PATH– PATH TO ENLIGHTENMENT• 4 NOBLE TRUTHS– WHY PEOPLE SUFFER IN THE

WORLD

155

•SHINTOISM

156

•RELIGION IN JAPAN•EVERYTHING IN THE WORLD HAS A SPIRIT, CALLED KAMI

157

•CONFUCIANISM

158

•PHILOSOPHY IN CHINA STARTED BY A MAN NAMED CONFUCIUS•STATED THAT IF EVERYONE KNEW THEIR PLACE AND DID WHAT THEY NEEDED TO DO, SOCIETY WOULD BE PERFECT.•EMPHASIZED RESPECT FOR FAMILY 159

•CHINA

160

•COMMUNIST•OLIGARCHY•UNITARY•EVERYTHING RUN BY CPC (COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA)•MIXED ECONOMY, BUT LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE COMMAND 161

•JAPAN

162

•CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY•PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY•PARLIAMENT IS CALLED DIET•UNITARY BECAUSE OF SIZE•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE TOWARDS PURE MARKET

163

•INDIA

164

• FEDERAL REPUBLIC•HAS A PRIME MINISTER AND

PRESIDENT•DEMOCRACY• FEDERAL•MIXED ECONOMY: LEANS MORE

TOWARDS PURE MARKET165