Meiji Period modernization & westernization Spread of
militarism after WWI Wanted to dominate the Asian Sphere of
Influence Imperialist expansion Hideki Tojo military-style
dictator
Slide 4
1911 overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty Chinese republic Sun
Yat-sen, organizer of the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party. Chiang
Kai-shek leads after Sun Yat-sen dies. Civil war breaks out when
communists under Mao Zedong challenge the Nationalist
Republic.
Slide 5
Chaing Kai-shekMao Zedong
Slide 6
The two sides suspend their civil war when Japan takes
advantage of the strife to invade China in 1937. They join together
to fight Japan, but Japan is prepared and strong. U.S. sends aid
through the Flying Tigers. League of Nations condemns the invasion
but has no enforcement authority.
Slide 7
The Flying Tigers
Slide 8
Italy is forever trying to return to the glory of the Roman
Empire. Expand by invading Ethiopia which had defeated Italy in the
19 th century. Italy had advanced weapons; Ethiopia didnt. League
of Nations imposed economic sanctions, but to no real effect.
Slide 9
Slide 10
Hitler has established the Third Reich. Sought lebensraum
living space for the Aryan nation. Rebuild German military;
establish draft Seize & fortify the Rhineland. France was upset
but did nothing to intervene.
Slide 11
Photo: www.bbc.co.uk
Slide 12
Hitler Challenges European Security
Slide 13
Rome-Berlin Axis 1936 Line not a partition but an axis around
which all European states can revolve. Anti-Comintern Pact (Germany
& Japan) Axis Powers GERMANY ITALY JAPAN
Slide 14
Fascist Francisco Franco revolted against Spains republican
government. (1936) Supported by Germany & Italy Tried out new
weapons and tactics. Guernica, Picassos depiction of the Spanish
Civil War
Slide 15
Anschluss is forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. 1938 Hitler
demands a Nazi chancellor for Austria & gets one. New
chancellor requests Hitler to send German troops to reestablish
order.
Slide 16
Sudetenland with many German speakers, some of whom had fled
Nazi aggression. Hitler demanded it. Neville Chamberlain, PM of
Britain tries to resolve.
Slide 17
Hitler promises not to make further territorial claims. Munich
Conference, September 1938 Chamberlain and the French PM Daladier
give the Sudetenland to Hitler. Note: Czechoslovakia had no
representation at the conference. Chamberlain & Hitler @ Munich
1938
Slide 18
Chamberlain justified appeasement, claiming victory because
they had avoided war. Winston Churchill said it was a total defeat
and would lead to European subjugation by the Nazis. Winston
Churchill
Slide 19
A week after Munich, Hitler demanded the Polish Corridor.
British and French resist and agree to defend Poland. They also get
Russia to agree. Hitler expected them to give in since they had
before.
Slide 20
Axis Successes
Slide 21
WWII begins with the German invasion of Poland. Britain &
France declare war on Germany. Hitler took Poland in less than 4
weeks. How?
Slide 22
Panzers tank divisions Wehrmacht German Army Blitzkrieg
lightning warfare, fast and decisive strikes Luftwaffe German air
force
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
After the takeover of Poland, a lull or sitzkrieg (sitting war)
occurred in which neither side launched an offensive. April 1940
Germany attacked Denmark and Norway to prevent England and France
from using them as bases. The Fifth Column or traitors helped the
Nazis take Denmark & Norway.
Slide 26
Slide 27
Maginot Line Germans simply trek through the Ardennes Forest
using blitzkrieg. (map page 577) Allies are pushed back to Dunkirk.
Miracle at Dunkirk (page 578)
Slide 28
Slide 29
Many French flee to Britain in the Dunkirk evacuation. French
government under Field Marshal Henri Petain surrenders on June 22,
1940. Most of France is occupied by Nazis Southern France is
governed by Petain for the Germans at Vichy. (Vichy France)
Slide 30
Mussolini invades Egypt and is repelled. Hitler sends in help:
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox. Lacks supplies but
almost conquers Alexandria, Egypt. Erwin Rommel
Slide 31
Slide 32
Day bombing Night bombing Total warfare targeting civilians in
cities Narnia clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS 01Pdg
Slide 33
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKD GM5KTBY Our Finest Hour
Churchill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKD GM5KTBY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw 3_PmKtc&feature=related
Fight them on the Beaches - Churchill
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw
3_PmKtc&feature=related
Slide 34
Gave Britain 50 WWI destroyers Lend-Lease Act 1941 Atlantic
Charter (see text page 581)
Slide 35
Germany could not manage to defeat the British navy or gain
control of the French navy, whose ships had been scuttled or
captured by the British so they Germans couldnt get them. An
invasion of a well-defended island would be difficult without a
strong navy. Ultimately, Hitler chose not to invade Britain after
he had bombed it because he turned his attention to Russia.
Slide 36
Invasion of Russia
Slide 37
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 1939. Germany invaded one
part of Poland and Russia invaded the other.
Slide 38
Germans betrayed the Russians. Spring 1941 invasion. Reasons:
Lebensraum Oil
Slide 39
Nazis underestimated the Russians. Russian industry Length of
time it would take Russian winter German army unprepared
Slide 40
Russians retreat before the Germans. Scorched earth tactics
Russian casualties: 4-5 million by December Germans almost reached
Moscow. Winter arrived first. -40 degrees fahrenheit
Slide 41
Stalingrad Russians are heavily assaulted but refuse to
surrender. Russians defeat the Germans after months of fierce
fighting. Russians began receiving supplies from the other Allies
through Iran, which helped them greatly.
Slide 42
Slide 43
United States held the Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, and some
other small Pacific islands. Japanese could not dominate Asia with
the U.S. presence in the Pacific. Plan to cripple the U.S. fleet so
Japan could gain dominance.
Slide 44
Japanese were angry at U.S. interference with their plans in
China. They were also offended by the embargo the U.S. had placed
on Japan preventing the country from getting badly needed oil.
(Typically viewed as an act of war)
Slide 45
December 7, 1941 surprise attack. Battleships damaged and
destroyed. Airfields wrecked. Aircraft carriers are out to sea
instead of in port.
Slide 46
Caused the American people to support U.S. entry into WWII.
President Roosevelt makes his date which will live in infamy
speech. Congress officially declares war on Japan. Germany &
Italy declare war on U.S. Japan had awakened a sleeping giant.
Slide 47
North Africa to Italy
Slide 48
Monty (British General Bernard Montgomery) defeated the Nazis
in North Africa in 1942. U.S. sent forces to Algeria to defeat the
Nazis under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Slide 49
First invaded the island of Sicily under Eisenhower. Mussolini
resigned. Allies land on mainland Europe in the Italian peninsula
in Sept. 1943. Italy surrenders, but German troops keep fighting in
Italy.
Slide 50
Mussolini was captured then rescued by the Nazis. Then Italian
partisans who opposed the Nazis recaptured Mussolini and executed
him.
Slide 51
From Britain to Normandy
Slide 52
Casablanca in January 1943 Churchill & Roosevelt Tehran in
late 1943 Big Three Churchill, Roosevelt, & Stalin Decide to
demand the unconditional surrender of Germany. Decide that U.S.
& Britain would retake Europe through France and that USSR
would close in on Germany from the east.
Slide 53
Operation Overlord Allied plan to invade France and begin the
reconquest of Europe. Fake landing site @ Calais. Dummy bases Dummy
tanks Dummy invasion force False messages Naval maneuvers off
Calais
Slide 54
Real landing @ Normandys beaches. Five beaches Omaha U.S. Utah
U.S. Sword - British Gold - British Juno - British
Slide 55
D-Day June 6, 1944 Bombed the coastal targets Thousands of
ships Paratroopers dropped behind enemy lines Help of the French
Resistance Massive invasion force: 1 million men; 177,000 vehicles;
500,000 tons of supplies
Slide 56
Allied victory seemed assured, but the Germans continued to
resist for another year. Why? Miracle weapons: V-1 rockets, jet
aircraft, promise of the atomic bomb Expected division among the
Allies Nazi fear of Communism strengthened the German
resistance.
Slide 57
Island to Island
Slide 58
After Pearl, Japanese attack Pacific islands. Philippines
Outnumbered, Americans try to defend a small section @ Luzon. Put
up a strong defense, but ultimately captured. .
Slide 59
General Douglas MacArthur escapes at the orders of President
Roosevelt. I shall return. Troops forced to march some 70 miles
under inhumane conditions. Hundreds die along the way. Bataan Death
March
Slide 60
Slide 61
The Japanese capture many Pacific islands: Hong Kong Malaysia
Singapore Burma (not an island, but a British colony in SE Asia)
Dutch East Indies
Slide 62
Slide 63
Japanese get over-extended. U.S. war production gets up to
speed. U.S. starts to advance across the Pacific.
Slide 64
Battle of the Coral Sea Prevented the Japanese from invading
Australia First naval battle in history in which the ships involved
never saw each other. Why? All the damage was done by aircraft
launched from carriers.
Slide 65
Battle of Midway Island Midway Island is about in the middle of
the Pacific. Japanese were planning to attack the U.S. bases there.
U.S. broke the Japanese codes and launched the offensive first.
U.S. gained a decisive victory. Turning point in the war: Japanese
never went on the offensive again.
Slide 66
U.S. begins its island-hopping campaign. Recaptures islands
held by Japanese Skips some islands; takes the ones which make good
airbases. Trying to get within bombing reach of the Japanese
mainland.
Slide 67
War in the Pacific was brutal. Banzai charges Kamikazi pilots
Japanese refusal to surrender Surrender = Loss of honor/face Better
to commit suicide or die fighting
Slide 68
General MacArthur fulfills his promise. Returns to liberate the
Philippines in fall of 1944.
Slide 69
1945 Successes Iwo Jima: sulfurous island described by Marines
as hell on earth. 216 Japanese finally surrender after two months
of brutal fighting. They originally has 21,000-23,000 troops on the
island. Okinawa: puts our bombers within reach of the Japanese
mainland. (Map p. 591)
Slide 70
U.S. Marines raise the U.S. flag on Iwo Jima.
Slide 71
Slide 72
1943-44 Soviets push the Germans back toward Germany. As they
go, they establish communist totalitarianism over the formerly Nazi
dominated areas they have liberated.
Slide 73
Allied troops liberate Paris. Bombing of German cities.
http://video.pbs.org/video/1405744809/
http://video.pbs.org/video/1405744809/
Slide 74
By December 1944 the Allies reach the border of Germany.
Germanys last advance: The Battle of the Bulge
Slide 75
Big Three @ Yalta (Crimea) Germany to pay reparations German
war criminals to be tried in court German military disarmed and
disbanded German divided into zones of occupation Stalin & USSR
to join the effort against Japan.
Slide 76
Eisenhower orders allied troops to halt at the Elbe River. The
Big Three had agreed at Yalta to allow the Russians to move into
Berlin. April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide. May 7, 1945 Germans
surrender. May 8, 1945 VE Day (Victory in Europe)
Slide 77
Allies liberate the concentration camps. They realize the
extent of the holocaust. Liberation of Dachau 29 April 1945
Slide 78
The Victorious Allies meet again & issue an ultimatum to
Japan: Surrender or face serious consequences. New Crew U.S.
President Harry Truman U.K. PM Clement Attlee USSR Premier Josef
Stalin
Slide 79
Although the war ended in Europe, the war in the Pacific
continued. U.S. incendiary bombing of Tokyo. One night 80,000
people died. Japan refused to surrender.
Slide 80
Incendiary bombing of Tokyo
Slide 81
Allies dreaded invading Japan. They had been so fierce in
resisting in the Pacific islands. They would rather die than
surrender. They had prepared their civilian population to resist an
Allied invasion. Prediction of a million Japanese casualties and
perhaps that many Allied casualties.
Slide 82
Development of the atomic bomb. Hope that it would shorten the
war and prevent the massive loss of life from invasion.
Slide 83
Dropped on Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945 70,000 people died.
Slide 84
Rubble of Hiroshima
Slide 85
Japanese still did not surrender. Second bomb dropped on
Nagasaki on August 8, 1945. Soviets declare war on Japan on Aug. 8.
Why?
Slide 86
Japan surrenders on August 14, 1945. They ask only that their
Emperor Hirohito retain his throne. General MacArthur and Emperor
Hirohito
Slide 87
V-J (Victory in Japan) Day: September 2, 1945 World War II
ends.
Slide 88
Slide 89
San Francisco Conference of the Allied Powers in 1945. Fifty
governments agree to form the United Nations. Purpose: maintain
international peace & security.
Slide 90
United Nations headquarters is in New York City.
Slide 91
Organized into 3 major bodies: Secretariat headed by the
Secretary-General; administration General Assembly representative
body which debate world issues annually Security Council executive
power with 5 permanent members (US, Great Britain, France, China,
Russia) and 10 nonpermanent members.
Slide 92
Also has a bureaucracy made up of special agencies World Health
Organization UNESCO International Labor Organization UNICEF
Etc.
Slide 93
No more world wars so far Threat of M.A.D. (mutually assured
destruction) may have been more of a preventer of war than the
U.N.
Slide 94
Slide 95
Matthew 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be
called children of God. ---Jesus Matthew 5:9 John 14:27-28 Peace I
leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the
world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be
afraid. ---Jesus
Slide 96
Isaiah 9:7 Of the greatness of his government and peace there
will be no end. He will reign on Davids throne and over his
kingdom, establishing and upholding it with justice and
righteousness from that time on and forever. The zeal of the LORD
Almighty will accomplish this. Isaiah 9:7
