Chapter 21 22

REVELATIONCHAPTERS 21-22

PART VIII: LITERAL OR NON-LITERAL VIEW

Will there be a literal New Heaven and New Earth?

What is the New Jerusalem?

LITERAL OR NON-LITERAL VIEWSLiteralist:Some take the description in these

chapters fairly literally, as applied to a brand new planet and universe, which will be created after the close of the Millennium (premillennialists) or else at the Second Coming (some amillennialists and some postmillennialists).

The New Jerusalem described here will be the eternal home of the redeemed.

LITERAL OR NON-LITERAL VIEWSNon-Literalist: Some spiritualize the whole vision, applying it to a

nonmaterial state of existence in heaven. Others take the “New Jerusalem and the New

Earth” to represent what Paul called “a New Creation” (2 Cor. 5:17)—that is, the condition of those who are in covenant with God and Christ through the New Covenant, the “Old Heaven and the Old Earth” (meaning the Old Covenant) having passed away.

The New Jerusalem represents the church itself, represented under the imagery of a new Holy of Holies—the tabernacle of God with men—in its present earthly existence.

REVELATION 21

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REVELATION 21

Revelation opens with seven rather beleaguered churches enduring intense persecution or suffering. In light of such circumstances one might wonder what hope the church has of coming out the other side of the vision victorious. Yet in chapter 21, the bride alluded to in two previous chapters emerges in all her glory. This is the stunning bride whose appearance captivates the onlookers.

VERSE 1 & COMMENTARY

1 Now I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away. Also there was no more sea.

The heaven and earth had fled from the presence of God in His glory. They melted in His fiery gaze as He renewed them through fire.

VERSE 1 COMMENTARY

The sea has been used as a symbol of chaos and a source of fear. In the new heaven and earth the chaos introduced by sin will be gone in the absence of sin there will be no reason for fear or anxiety.


2 Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

The new heavens and earth were ready to receive the new city, the holy city, the New Jerusalem. The city that Abraham saw by faith, “a city which hath foundations, who builder and maker is God” (Heb. 11:10).


3 And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, "Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people. God Himself will be with them and be their God.

There is no temple in this city, but there is the presence of the Lord. God is said to “tabernacle (or dwell) with men, and He will dwell with them.” This has been God’s design and His desire from the time of creation, and now it comes to fruition.


4 And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away."

Note the tenderness of this verse. God stooping down to wipe the last tear we will ever shed from our eyes. After that tear is flicked away there will never be any more tears because there will be no more death.


5 Then He who sat on the throne said, "Behold, I make all things new." And He said to me, "Write, for these words are true and faithful."

God declared that everything will be new. The earth will have that new earth smell, void of pollutants.

God instructs John to write these things as a statement of fact, as a signed and sealed contract or covenant with the righteous.


6 And He said to me, "It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. I will give of the fountain of the water of life freely to him who thirsts.

God had a plan, Jesus unfurled it in chapter five, and it has moved forward through time and space to fulfill His purposes.

VERSE 6 COMMENTARY

Then God declares, “I am the Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End.” I think this simply means that God finishes what He starts. It may seem a long time in coming, but God will reconcile all things to Himself.


7 He who overcomes shall inherit all things, and I will be his God and he shall be My son.

The promises made earlier to them that overcome, are realized at this point in the vision. In the letters to the seven churches specific things are listed to those who overcome, but here it is simply summed up with, “He who overcomes shall inherit all things.”


8 But the cowardly, unbelieving, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars shall have their part in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death."

Those whose names were found in the Lamb’s Book of Life will enter that city, but there will be some people—people who have been a source of persecution and pain for the people of God—who will not be there.

VERSES 9-11A

9 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls filled with the seven last plagues came to me and talked with me, saying, "Come, I will show you the bride, the Lamb's wife." 10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God, 11a having the glory of God.

VERSES 9-11A COMMENTARYThe next scene John sees is that of the Bride of Christ. It was one of the angels who had been an instrument of judgment who now introduces the blessings and bliss of eternity as typified in the Lamb’s wife, who is the church of all the ages.

The city is described in terms and symbols that almost defy comprehension by the finite mind that inevitably tries to compare this city with other cities that we know of.

VERSE 11B & COMMENTARY

11b Her light was like a most precious stone, like a jasper stone, clear as crystal.

The light that emanated from this city was a pure light, “like a jasper stone, clear as crystal.” This light is pure, holy, virtuous, and chaste.

VERSES 12-13

12 Also she had a great and high wall with twelve gates, and twelve angels at the gates, and names written on them, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: 13 three gates on the east, three gates on the north, three gates on the south, and three gates on the west.

VERSES 12-13 COMMENTARY

This city, like most cities of antiquity, will have a great high wall with twelve gates. The size of a city’s walls indicated power and protection. It spoke of the importance and prominence of the city. This city has “a great and high wall.” These walls have not just four gates, but three gates on each of the four walls, for a total of twelve, and at the gates twelve angels. These gates will never have to be closed or barred for nothing that hurts or destroys will enter there.


14 Now the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

To stress again the continuity between the Old and New Covenant believers we are told that the foundations of the city had the names of the twelve apostles written on them. The foundation is the foundation that God laid (Heb. 11:10).

VERSES 15-17

15 And he who talked with me had a gold reed to measure the city, its gates, and its wall. 16 The city is laid out as a square; its length is as great as its breadth. And he measured the city with the reed: twelve thousand furlongs. Its length, breadth, and height are equal. 17 Then he measured its wall: one hundred and forty-four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.


The dimensions of the city are given and it is a city build in the form of a perfect square. In modern dimensions this is a city that is fifteen hundred miles in each direction. Jesus told us that His Father’s house had many rooms, and apparently He wants all of His children to live with He there.


18 The construction of its wall was of jasper; and the city was pure gold, like clear glass.

The city was made of gold that was so pure that it was as clear as glass. Often the impurities in gold are symbolic of sin, so the purity of the gold in this city represents absolute and complete purity and righteousness.

VERSES 19-2019 The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all kinds of precious stones: the first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire,the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, 20 the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.


The gates were each made of a single pearl. Apparently God Himself created these gates for this purpose. The streets are paved gold. What men will give their lives to obtain here, will be little more than asphalt there. This does not, however, diminish the powerful imagery and beauty that is being described. Again, the gold is so pure that it is possible to see through it.


22 But I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple.

There is some debate about whether or not there will be a temple in the Millennial Reign of Christ. Ezekiel describes a temple and gives the dimensions of the temple. However, in the new earth and new city, there will be no temple to which people will go to visit and worship God, for God will be with His people


23 The city had no need of the sun or of the moon to shine in it, for the glory of God illuminated it. The Lamb is its light.

God’s glory, also known as His Shekinah, will be the light of the city and will not need a sun or moon. Given that we are talking about eternity, this makes much more sense because the life and energy of the sun is limited and will eventually burn out. But God and His glory are eternal and not subject to expiration.


24 And the nations of those who are saved shall walk in its light, and the kings of the earth bring their glory and honor into it.

The redeemed of every nation, tribe and tongue will walk in the light of the city, that is, the presence of God in Christ. Furthermore, all the kings of the earth will acknowledge that Jesus is the King of kings and will come to give glory to God.


25 Its gates shall not be shut at all by day (there shall be no night there).

Because this is a city that is free from all sin, and does not have any inhabitants who would do anything contrary toward God or man, the city itself is safe and open at all times. The gates will always be open and the night, which is a symbol of evil and sinful deeds, will no longer occur in this city.

VERSE 26-2726 And they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it. 27 But there shall by no means enter it anything that defiles, or causes an abomination or a lie, but only those who are written in the Lamb's Book of Life.

The kings will come from the nations of the new earth and will bring their glory, or their praise, into the city to offer to God. Only glory will enter, nothing impure or iniquitous will be found here.

CONCLUSION

As we approach the end of the vision there has been a dramatic change. The church has gone from being the persecuted, faltering examples set forth in the first seven letters to being a bride adorned in the great city whose beauty and power are unparalleled. Despite what the present may hold before us, God has a plan and that plan will not fail. He said, “For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future” (Jer. 29:11, NIV).

REVELATION 22

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REVELATION CHAPTER 22

The final chapter of Revelation brings the Bible full circle and tells us that God’s plan will not fail. Satan tempted Eve and Adam in the first Paradise, but now the tempter has been removed from the scene. In a place of perfect peace and rest the church is allowed to partake of the Tree of Life, a tree that the first couple were barred from partaking of after sin was introduced through their disobedience. Death came through sin, but life (a prominent theme in this chapter) is the promise.

REVELATION CHAPTER 22

Four things stand out in chapter 22: 1. Numerous references to the

immanence of Christ’s return.2. Five references to “life”.3. All three members of the Triune God

are mentioned.4. The word “prophecy” occurs seven

times in Revelation, and four of those times are in this chapter (7, 10, 18, 19), with reference to the “prophets” another two times (6, 9).


1 And he showed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb.

Phillips believes that this river is a symbolic reference to the Holy Spirit. He points to John’s Gospel, chapter 7 verses 38 and 39 for support of this view.


2 In the middle of its street, and on either side of the river, was the tree of life, which bore twelve fruits, each tree yielding its fruit every month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations.

Throughout the city there was one huge tree, the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life is first introduced in Genesis 2:9.

VERSE 2 COMMENTARY, “TREE OF LIFE”

Genesis appears to refer to a literal tree of life, Proverbs clearly uses “the tree of life” as a symbol for various other things. So the question is, could Revelation be drawing upon the imagery of the Tree of Life in Genesis as a symbolic reference, such as is used in Proverbs? Of course the next question would be what would the tree of life symbolize in Revelation?

VERSE 2 COMMENTARY, “TREE OF LIFE”One clue would be the fact that the tree bears fruit year round, that is, perpetually. Second, this fruit is for the healing of the nations. Finally, in verse 3 there is the additional note that, “there shall be no more curse.” Taken together, consider this: Isa 53:5 But He was wounded for our transgressions,

He was bruised for our iniquities;The chastisement for our peace was upon Him,And by His stripes we are healed.

Gal 3:13-14 Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree"), 14 that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

VERSE 2 COMMENTARY “TREE OF LIFE”

Perhaps the tree of life is symbolic of the cross, which is a source of healing, redemption, and forgiveness. It was a curse, but the curse was reversed and the cross became a source of blessing upon all people. In the Genesis man was banned from access to the Tree of Life, but the cross is our access to eternal life and to the throne of God (Heb. 4:16).

VERSES 3-4

3 And there shall be no more curse, but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it, and His servants shall serve Him. 4 They shall see His face, and His name shall be on their foreheads.

The curse of sin is gone. The separation that man experienced through sin has been overcome by the blood of the Lamb so that now the saints of the ages can see the One Whom they serve. “They shall see His face.”


Not even Moses had been allowed to see the face of God but now, all who enter this city may access the throne and see the face of God.The name upon their foreheads will be the name of God. This identifies them as belonging to God and to God alone. There are no mixed allegiances; only a total commitment to the One Who redeemed them from the curse.


5 There shall be no night there: They need no lamp nor light of the sun, for the Lord God gives them light. And they shall reign forever and ever.

The glory of God so powerfully radiates throughout this city that there will be no night there and therefore there is no need for lamp or sun. God gives the saints their light and they, the saints shall reign with Him “forever and ever.”

VERSES 6-7 & COMMENTARY

6 Then he said to me, "These words are faithful and true." And the Lord God of the holy prophets sent His angel to show His servants the things which must shortly take place. 7 Behold, I am coming quickly! Blessed is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book."

The angel tells John that the words that have been recorded by John in this vision are “faithful and true.” This book is as inspired and authoritative as any of the Books of the Prophets found in the Old Testament.


The immanence of the return of Jesus resonates throughout this book—according to Mounce this is a major theme of this chapter. However, we now know that almost 2,000 years have passed since John received this vision and it was read in the churches. So how do we reconcile these two, apparently contradictory facts?


Mounce answers this enigma, writing:It is best to take the utterance at face value and accept that the difficulty of a foreshortened perspective on the time of the end rather than to reinterpret it in the sense that Jesus “comes” in the crises of life and especially at the death of every man. Revelation has enough riddles without our adding more. (p. 391)

This is to say that the return of Christ is always immanent.

VERSES 8-9

8 Now I, John, saw and heard these things. And when I heard and saw, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel who showed me these things. 9Then he said to me, "See that you do not do that. For I am your fellow servant, and of your brethren the prophets, and of those who keep the words of this book. Worship God."


Once again John is so overwhelmed by what he sees and hears that he falls down to worship at the feet of the angel (see 19:10), and once again the angel forbids John from doing this. The angel simply acknowledges that he too is a servant of the Lord. In short, we must “Worship God” and Him alone.


10 And he said to me, "Do not seal the words of the prophecy of this book, for the time is at hand.

Unlike Daniel, who was commanded to seal up the book, John is told not to seal up the words of the prophecy because the time of the fulfillment was as hand. This is a revelation that God wants the church to hear. It is an encouraging word intended to address the anxieties of the church with respect to growing persecution and the probability of suffering for the name of Jesus.


11 He who is unjust, let him be unjust still; he who is filthy, let him be filthy still; he who is righteous, let him be righteous still; he who is holy, let him be holy still."

When Christ returns it will be too late to repent. If you are righteous, then you will be righteous. If holy, then you will be holy. But if you are unjust, or filthy, then this is final and irreversible. The warning is to be ready for the return of the Lord.

VERSES 12-13 & COMMENTARY

12 "And behold, I am coming quickly, and My reward is with Me, to give to every one according to his work. 13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last."

Christ is speaking here (verse 16, “I Jesus”). He stresses that He is coming quickly, and He will reward everyone according to their works. Metzger notes, with regard to the eternal rewards of the saints, “In heaven everyone’s cup of joy will be full, but some cups are larger than others.”


14 Blessed are those who do His commandments, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter through the gates into the city.

Those who have been obedient, “who do His commandments,” have access to the benefits of the Tree of Life, and have access to into this city. This is a reverse of the curse caused by Adam’s disobedience.


15 But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie.

Those who are not to be found in the city and have already been cast into the lake of fire, are dogs (undesirable people, in the OT used to refer to male homosexual pagan temple prostitutes, Deut. 23:18), sorcerers, sexually immoral, murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie. They are banned from the city, and based upon the previous indication of chapter 21, they will be far removed from the city.


16 I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things in the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star."

Jesus unambiguously identifies Himself in this verse. He affirms that the angel who showed John the vision was His emissary. Jesus then continues to identify Himself as “the Root and Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star.”

VERSE 16 COMMENTARYAs the Root and Offspring of David

Jesus is fulfilling the Davidic covenant by sitting upon the throne in New Jerusalem. The Davidic Covenant was God’s promise that there would never fail to be an offspring of David upon the throne. It is also the fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah that the Messiah would come as “a shoot from the stump of Jesse” (Isa. 11:1). In Christ God keeps this promise.

VERSE 16 COMMENTARY

As the Bright and Morning Star Jesus is acknowledging that He is the light of the city, the embodiment of the glory of God that lightens the city. Furthermore, as Mounce observes, “In the fourth oracle of Balaam the prophet declares that ‘ star shall come forth out of Jacob’” (Num. 24:17). Jesus fulfills this prophecy as well.


17 And the Spirit and the bride say, "Come!" And let him who hears say, "Come!" And let him who thirsts come. Whoever desires, let him take the water of life freely.

Here the Spirit (without a doubt the Holy Spirit) speaks. He says one word, “Come!” It is a word of invitation that goes beyond this moment in the vision and is an invitation to whosoever will.

VERSE 17 COMMENTARY

Not only does the Spirit say come, but the Bride is in agreement with the Spirit and speaks the same word, “Come.” Furthermore, anyone who hears and receives this invitation is called, in turn, to make the invitation to others, “let him who hears say come.” The invitation is for anyone who is thirsty, anyone who desires to drink of the waters of salvation.

VERSES 18-19

18 For I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book; 19 and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the Book of Life, from the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.


Jesus warns the hearers of this book, first the seven churches, but additionally “anyone,” that if anything is added that person will have the plagues of this vision added to his or her life. Moreover, if anyone should subtract or diminish this vision, he or she would have their part (names/rewards) removed from the Book of Life, and therefore become ineligible for citizenry in the New Jerusalem.


The indication that one’s name could be taken out of the Book of Life is not an idle threat or an empty warning, but a real possibility. This is in keeping with the Wesleyan view of salvation and the possibility that one’s name could be removed after having been previously entered into the Book of Life.


20 He who testifies to these things says, "Surely I am coming quickly." Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus!

Jesus’ return is imminent and the church should anticipate His return at any moment.John adds, “Amen. Even so, come, Lord Jesus!” John is anxious for the return of the Lord, and all believers should be equally desirous.

CONCLUSION

Revelation is a powerful book that provides a profound look into the future. There are many symbols and figures of speech that elude our efforts to fully comprehend them. I doubt one could ever grasp the fullness of eternity with minds that are so tied to the temporal. When the end comes and eternity begins, the reality of what lies ahead will be unlike anything anyone has ever conceived.

CONCLUSION

There is no book written that can give the last word on the subject, and there is no man alive who can speak with infallible authority on the subjects contained in the Book of Revelation, but we can and should read and study this book because a blessing is promised to those who do:

Rev 1:3 Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written in it; for the time is near.

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