Chapter 20 – The Cardiovascular System: Blood

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Functions of the Blood /

Plasma Composition

Erythrocytes, Hemoglobin,

and Blood Types

LeukocytesPlatelets and Hemopoiesis

Clinical Correlatives

FINAL ROUND

Topic 1:

$100 Question

Which of the following organs/structures synthesizes more than 90 percent of the plasma proteins?

a. thymus

b. spleen

c. liver

d. red bone marrowBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$100 Answer

Which of the following organs/structures synthesizes more than 90 percent of the plasma proteins?

a. thymus

b. spleen

c. liver

d. red bone marrowBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$200 Question

The blood does not function in:

a. delivery of hormones and enzymes to target tissues.

b. transport of metabolic wastes from sites of excretion to peripheral tissues.

c. stabilization of body temperature.

d. defense against toxins and pathogens.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 1:

$200 Answer

The blood does not function in:

a. delivery of hormones and enzymes to target tissues.

b. transport of metabolic wastes from sites of excretion to peripheral tissues.

c. stabilization of body temperature.

d. defense against toxins and pathogens.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$300 Question

Which of the following protein components of plasma are major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma, and also transport lipids and steroid hormones?

a. globulins

b. fibrinogens

c. regulatory proteins

d. albuminsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$300 Answer

Which of the following protein components of plasma are major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma, and also transport lipids and steroid hormones?

a. globulins

b. fibrinogens

c. regulatory proteins

d. albuminsBACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$400 Question

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between plasma and interstitial fluid is/are true?

a. The dissolved oxygen concentration in plasma is higher than that of interstitial fluid.

b. Interstitial fluid contains significant quantities of dissolved proteins; whereas, plasma does not.

c. The carbon dioxide concentration in plasma is much higher than that of interstitial fluid.

d. a and b

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$400 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between plasma and interstitial fluid is/are true?

a. The dissolved oxygen concentration in plasma is higher than that of interstitial fluid.

b. Interstitial fluid contains significant quantities of dissolved proteins; whereas, plasma does not.

c. The carbon dioxide concentration in plasma is much higher than that of interstitial fluid.

d. a and b

BACK TO GAME

Topic 1:

$500 Question

Antibodies, which attack foreign substances and pathogens, are part of which class of plasma proteins?

a. fibrinogen

b. regulatory proteins

c. albumins

d. globulinsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 1:

$500 Answer

Antibodies, which attack foreign substances and pathogens, are part of which class of plasma proteins?

a. fibrinogen

b. regulatory proteins

c. albumins

d. globulinsBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$100 Question

The hematocrit value indicates:

a. the percentage of whole blood contributed by leukocytes.

b. the percentage of whole blood contributed by formed elements.

c. the percentage of whole blood contributed by platelets.

d. the percentage of whole blood contributed by albumins and globulins.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 2:

$100 Answer

The hematocrit value indicates:

a. the percentage of whole blood contributed by leukocytes.

b. the percentage of whole blood contributed by formed elements.

c. the percentage of whole blood contributed by platelets.

d. the percentage of whole blood contributed by albumins and globulins.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$200 Question

A typical circulating red blood cell lacks:

a. a nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal elements.

b. a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

c. mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and cytoskeletal elements.

d. a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeletal elements.

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 2:

$200 Answer

A typical circulating red blood cell lacks:

a. a nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal elements.

b. a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

c. mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and cytoskeletal elements.

d. a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeletal elements.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$300 Question

Regarding the percentage of the U.S. population with each blood type, which of the following represents the lowest percentage, on average?

a. Type O

b. Type A

c. Type B

d. Type ABBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$300 Answer

Regarding the percentage of the U.S. population with each blood type, which of the following represents the lowest percentage, on average?

a. Type O

b. Type A

c. Type B

d. Type ABBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$400 Question

Which of the following statements regarding blood types is/are true?

a. An individual’s blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific components in leukocyte cell membranes.

b. The surface antigens on the cells involved with blood types are glycoproteins or glycolipids.

c. At least 250 different kinds of surface antigens have been localized on the surface of the cells involved in blood type determination.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 2:

$400 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding blood types is/are true?

a. An individual’s blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific components in leukocyte cell membranes.

b. The surface antigens on the cells involved with blood types are glycoproteins or glycolipids.

c. At least 250 different kinds of surface antigens have been localized on the surface of the cells involved in blood type determination.

d. b and cBACK TO GAME

Topic 2:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding blood types is false?

a. Individuals with Type AB blood have surface antigens A and B, and neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

b. Individuals with Type B blood have surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies.

c. Individuals with Type O blood have neither A or B surface antigens, and neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAMEANSWER

Topic 2:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding blood types is false?

a. Individuals with Type AB blood have surface antigens A and B, and neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

b. Individuals with Type B blood have surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies.

c. Individuals with Type O blood have neither A or B surface antigens, and neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$100 Question

Which of the following granular leukocytes migrate to sites of injury and discharge their histamine-containing granules into the interstitial fluids, which dilate blood vessels?

a. eosinophils

b. neutrophils

c. acidophils

d. basophilsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$100 Answer

Which of the following granular leukocytes migrate to sites of injury and discharge their histamine-containing granules into the interstitial fluids, which dilate blood vessels?

a. eosinophils

b. neutrophils

c. acidophils

d. basophilsBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$200 Question

Which of the following white blood cells account for 2-4% of the total leukocytes?

a. basophils

b. eosinophils

c. neutrophils

d. lymphocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$200 Answer

Which of the following white blood cells account for 2-4% of the total leukocytes?

a. basophils

b. eosinophils

c. neutrophils

d. lymphocytesBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$300 Question

Which of the following leukocytes, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have their cytoplasm packed with pale granules containing lysosomal enzymes and bactericidal compounds?

a. basophils

b. eosinophils

c. lymphocytes

d. monocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$300 Answer

Which of the following leukocytes, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have their cytoplasm packed with pale granules containing lysosomal enzymes and bactericidal compounds?

a. basophils

b. eosinophils

c. lymphocytes

d. monocytesBACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$400 Question

T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells are examples of:

a. monocytes.

b. basophils.

c. lymphocytes.

d. eosinophils.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$400 Answer

T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells are examples of:

a. monocytes.

b. basophils.

c. lymphocytes.

d. eosinophils.BACK TO GAME

Topic 3:

$500 Question

While phagocytizing at an injury site, active macrophages also release chemicals that attract and stimulate ____, which begin producing scar tissue.

a. monocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. lymphocytes

d. plateletsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 3:

$500 Answer

While phagocytizing at an injury site, active macrophages also release chemicals that attract and stimulate ____, which begin producing scar tissue.

a. monocytes

b. fibroblasts

c. lymphocytes

d. plateletsBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$100 Question

Which of the following cells give rise to lymphoid stem cells?

a. megakaryocytes

b. progenitor cells

c. pluripotent stem cells

d. myelocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$100 Answer

Which of the following cells give rise to lymphoid stem cells?

a. megakaryocytes

b. progenitor cells

c. pluripotent stem cells

d. myelocytesBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$200 Question

Which of the following statement regarding platelets is/are true?

a. Platelets are continually replaced, and an individual platelet circulates for 10-12 days before being removed by phagocytes.

b. About half of the platelets in the body, at any moment, are held in the spleen and other vascular organs.

c. A microliter of circulating blood contains an average of 250,000 platelets.

d. All of the above are true.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$200 Answer

Which of the following statement regarding platelets is/are true?

a. Platelets are continually replaced, and an individual platelet circulates for 10-12 days before being removed by phagocytes.

b. About half of the platelets in the body, at any moment, are held in the spleen and other vascular organs.

c. A microliter of circulating blood contains an average of 250,000 platelets.

d. All of the above are true.BACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$300 Question

Which of the following stem cells ultimately give rise to all blood cells, in a series of separate steps?

a. pluripotential stem cells (PPSC) or hemocytoblasts

b. multipotential myeloid stem cells

c. multipotential lymphoid stem cells

d. progenitor cellsBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$300 Answer

Which of the following stem cells ultimately give rise to all blood cells, in a series of separate steps?

a. pluripotential stem cells (PPSC) or hemocytoblasts

b. multipotential myeloid stem cells

c. multipotential lymphoid stem cells

d. progenitor cellsBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$400 Question

Myeloid stem cells divide to form ____ different types of stem cells, including two that are responsible for the production of red blood cells and ____.

a. 3, hemocytoblasts

b. 6, hemocytoblasts

c. 5, megakaryocytes

d. 4, megakaryocytesBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$400 Answer

Myeloid stem cells divide to form ____ different types of stem cells, including two that are responsible for the production of red blood cells and ____.

a. 3, hemocytoblasts

b. 6, hemocytoblasts

c. 5, megakaryocytes

d. 4, megakaryocytesBACK TO GAME

Topic 4:

$500 Question

Band cells do not give rise to:

a. basophils and neutrophils.

b. monocytes and lymphocytes.

c. eosinophils and neutrophils.

d. basophils and eosinophils.

BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 4:

$500 Answer

Band cells do not give rise to:

a. basophils and neutrophils.

b. monocytes and lymphocytes.

c. eosinophils and neutrophils.

d. basophils and eosinophils.

BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$100 Question

Plasma expanders provide a temporary solution to which of the following conditions?

a. hypervolemia

b. anemia

c. hypovolemia

d. aplastic anemiaBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$100 Answer

Plasma expanders provide a temporary solution to which of the following conditions?

a. hypervolemia

b. anemia

c. hypovolemia

d. aplastic anemiaBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$200 Question

Which of the following conditions results from an increase in the numbers of all types of blood cells?

a. erythrocytosis

b. polycythemia vera

c. hypovolemia

d. anemiaBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$200 Answer

Which of the following conditions results from an increase in the numbers of all types of blood cells?

a. erythrocytosis

b. polycythemia vera

c. hypovolemia

d. anemiaBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$300 Question

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell anemia is false?

a. An individual with sickle cell anemia carries two copies of the abnormal gene – one from each parent.

b. Today, sickle cell anemia affects approximately 0.2% of the African-American population, and from 0.07 to 0.1% of Hispanic-Americans.

c. In an individual with the sickling trait, susceptibility to malaria is extremely high.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$300 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell anemia is false?

a. An individual with sickle cell anemia carries two copies of the abnormal gene – one from each parent.

b. Today, sickle cell anemia affects approximately 0.2% of the African-American population, and from 0.07 to 0.1% of Hispanic-Americans.

c. In an individual with the sickling trait, susceptibility to malaria is extremely high.

d. None of the above is false.BACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$400 Question

Which of the following conditions refers to an inadequate number of white blood cells?

a. leukopenia

b. anemia

c. leukocytosis

d. diapedesisBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$400 Answer

Which of the following conditions refers to an inadequate number of white blood cells?

a. leukopenia

b. anemia

c. leukocytosis

d. diapedesisBACK TO GAME

Topic 5:

$500 Question

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is/are true?

a. Transfusion of clotting factors can often reduce or control the symptoms of hemophilia, but pooling of samples must occur beforehand.

b. Hemophilia incidence is about 1 in 100,000, with males accounting for 80-90% of those affected.

c. In severe cases of hemophilia, hemorrhages may occur spontaneously at joints and around muscles.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

ANSWER

Topic 5:

$500 Answer

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is/are true?

a. Transfusion of clotting factors can often reduce or control the symptoms of hemophilia, but pooling of samples must occur beforehand.

b. Hemophilia incidence is about 1 in 100,000, with males accounting for 80-90% of those affected.

c. In severe cases of hemophilia, hemorrhages may occur spontaneously at joints and around muscles.

d. a and cBACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question

Which of the following indicates the average abundance of leukocytes, per μl, in descending order?

a. lymphocytes – neutrophils – monocytes – eosinophils - basophils

b. neutrophils – lymphocytes - monocytes – eosinophils - basophils

c. neutrophils – lymphocytes - monocytes – basophils - eosinophils

d. neutrophils – monocytes – eosinophils - lymphocytes - basophils

BACK TO GAMEANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer

Which of the following indicates the average abundance of leukocytes, per μl, in descending order?

a. lymphocytes – neutrophils – monocytes – eosinophils - basophils

b. neutrophils – lymphocytes - monocytes – eosinophils - basophils

c. neutrophils – lymphocytes - monocytes – basophils - eosinophils

d. neutrophils – monocytes – eosinophils - lymphocytes - basophils

BACK TO GAME