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Chapter 2
The Crime Scene
Crime Scene
The location & surrounding
areas where a crime has been
committed
Physical Evidence Any & all objects that:
establish a crime link a crime to its victim link a crime to its perpetrator
Must be recognized at scene & preserved!!
Processing the Crime Scene
1. Preserve Life
2. Protect Area
3. Photograph
4. Sketch
5. Notes
6. Search
7. Collect
8. Package
9. Chain of Custody
Step 1: Preserve Life
Get medical help for those who need it
Arrest suspect
Step 2: Protect Area
Keep out all unauthorized people
Rope off, barricade, station guards
Step 3: Photograph The unaltered scene so don’t
move a thing!!
Crime scene & adjacent areas
From all angles & overviews
Photographs continued…
Body position & location
Close-ups of evidence, injures, weapons
Place ruler by object for reference
Step 4: SketchesA. Rough Sketch
shows evidence & important features
use tape measure distances must be
measured from 2 fixed points (walls)
Sketches continued…B. Finished Sketch
very accurate & drawn to scale
drafting tools & computer programs used
Step 5: Notes Detailed written description of crime
scene & evidence
Provide time & person who found evidence
Record who & how it was packaged where it was sent
Step 6: Search
Systematic & thorough
Establish points of entry & exit
Victim’s body is also searched at autopsy
Step 7: Collect Avoid contamination!!!
Keep in original condition
Bloodstains scrape off surface
transfer to moist swab
cut out stain
Step 8: Package Evidence must be packaged
separately
Label/Tag officer’s initials
location it was found
time
Packaging Continued … The following items are useful:
forceps manila envelops unbreakable containers/pill
bottles with lids screw-cap glass vials
Packaging Fire/Arson Evidence
Use airtight containers b/c they trap fumes
Packaging Wet Bloodstained Materials
Do not use airtight containers
Place in paper bags to dry
Transfer to crime lab in BIOHAZARD bags
Step 9: Chain of Custody
Transfer of evidence
A list of every person the evidence was passed on to
Keep chain as short as possible
What should be collected?
1. Victim’s clothing
2. Fingernail scrapings
3. Hair
4. Blood (DNA)
5. Vaginal, anal, & oral swabs (sex crimes)
6. Recovered bullets from body
7. Hand swabs (gunshot residues)
Standard/Reference Samples
Sample of known origin (control)
Compare it to crime scene evidence
Ex: Paint from suspect’s car & paint found on victim
Crime Scene Safety1. Latex gloves (doubled) & shoe
covers2. Masks / goggles / face shield /
coveralls3. Biohazard bags & labels4. Contaminated equipment
disinfected with 10% bleach solution5. No smoking, drinking, or eating
Court Cases
Mincey vs. Arizona Drug dealer undercover cop killed
4-day search at homicide scene
No warrant
Guilty verdict reversed
Michigan vs. Tyler Business fire search conducted
morning after
3 other searches (4,7, & 25 days later)
No warrant
Guilty verdict reversed
4th AmendmentProtects against unreasonable
searches & seizures
Warrants must be obtained when time & circumstance permit it
A Warrant is NOT Needed When:
It’s an emergency
You’re being arrested
You give your permission
Evidence is in danger of destruction