Chapter 2: Principles of EcologyTest Review

1. What is the study of Ecology?

A. Study of lifeB. Study of environmentsC. Study of organisms and their interactions with their environmentsD. Study of matterC. Study of organisms and their

interactions with their environments

2.

The pictures are examples of _______ factors in the environment.

A. BioticB. AbioticC. LivingD. Earth

B. Abiotic (non-living)

3. This is an example of what cycle?

A. Water CycleB. Carbon-Oxygen CycleC. Nitrogen CycleD. Phosphorus Cycle

D. Phosphorus Cycle

4. What is a food web?

A. Contains all possible food chainsB. A simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystemC. Characteristics shared by living and nonliving thingsD. It’s what a spider refers to as dinner.

A. Contains all possible food chains

5. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?

A. 1%B. 5%C. 10%D. 25%

C. 10%

6. What part of Earth do living organisms live?

A. BiosphereB. LithosphereC. HydrosphereD. All of the bove

D.All of the aboveAll organisms live in the Biosphere=

Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere

7. What is an example of a biotc factor in the ocean?

A. WaterB. TemperatureC. SalinityD. Seaweed

D. Seaweed- Living organism

8. Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities?

A. The original species became extinctB. Species in the older communities dies from old ageC. Abiotic characteristics of the habitat changedD. Disease killed the older communities

C*. Abiotic characteristics changed = caused communities that are more adapted to the new changes to survive

9. Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as ________.

A. ColdB. HeatC. WasteD. Lightning

B. Heat- This is the reason only 10% energy gets passed on.

10.

Arrows in a food chain or food web represent what?

10.

Arrows represent the flow of energy to the next trophic level (producers 1o Consumer 2o Consumer…)

11. True or False.

Symbiosis describes the close relationship between 2 organisms

True: 3 types of symbiosis- Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism

12. A food chain is shown below:

GrassesCricketsField MiceHawks

A*. Drought will kill the grasses that form the base of the food chain. (The most severe impact will happen closest to the beginning of the food chain because it affects the rest of the organisms up the chain)

Which of the following changes to the food chain will have the most severe effect?

A. Drastic decrease in rainfall, causing droughtB. Hunting of hawks by game huntersC. Introduction of a second predator that eats

field miceD. A disease that reduces the cricket population

13. Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?

A. HerbivoresB. Fungi and BacteriaC. ProducersD. Parasites

B*. Fungi and Bacteria (Decomposers)

14. Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?

A. clamsB. sardinesC. sharks D. kelp

C*. Sharks- They would be a 2o Consumer/Carnivor

15. Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the:

A herbivores.B water.C vegetation.D atmosphere.

D*. Atmosphere- Remember the Carbon-Oxygen cycle (Where does most of the Carbon go?)

16. True or False.

Organisms cannot use atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) unless it is converted into nitrates

True- This is the mian function of the Nitrogen Cycle

17. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which _____________.

A. Both organisms benefitB. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.C. One organism benefits while the other is harmedD. All of the above

B. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected (birds and trees)

18. What cycle uses photosynthesis and respiration to support life on Earth?

A. Water CycleB. Carbon-Oxygen CycleC. Nitrogen CycleD. Phosphorus Cycle

B. Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

19. What is an organism’s niche within a habitat?

A. The place where an organism livesB. The survival rate of an organismC. The role an organism plays within its habitatD. The amount of camoflage an organism has

C. The role an organism plays within its environment

20. This is an example of:

A. Single organismB. PopulationC. CommunityD. Ecosystem

B. Population- One species that interbreeds

21.

Which trophic level has the most energy?

A. Plants B. HerbivoresC. OmnivoresD. carnivores

A. Plants # of organisms (biomass)=

energy

22. What organism makes their own food?

A. HeterotrophB. AutotrophC. CarnivoreD. Omnivore

B. AutotrophUses Photosynthesis or chemical synthesis to make own food (plants)

23. What major step is missing in the water cycle:

Evaporation/transpirationCondensation_______RunoffGround WaterOcean A. FreezingB. CollectionC. PrecipitationD. Cloud fairies

C. Precipitation- rain, hail, snow

24. How do humans obtain nitrogen?

A. Absorb atmospheric Nitrogen through the skinB. By eating plantsC. By breathing in airD. None of the above

B.By eating plantsRemember Nitrogen cycle-

Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be converted to nitrates that are then taken up by plants

25. True or False.

A vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of the producers and decomposers?

True. Without producers, consumers up the food chain will not survive. Without decomposers, organic elements cannot be recycled back into the environment

26. See the food chain below:

PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim

What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct?

A. They will not be affectedB. They will live longerC. They will dieD. Why did it have to be the pandas…

26. See the food chain below:

PlantsPandasChuck NorrisInvader Zim

What would happen to C.Norris and Invader Zim if the Pandas went extinct?C. They will die

27. In this food web, name four things that would happen if the Pine Borer (insect) went extinct?

1. Pine =

2. Kinglet =

3. Salamander = 4. Snake =

28. A community is:

A. One species that InterbreedsB. Several populationsC. Several EcosytemsD. Only abiotic factors

B. Several Populations

29. What is the correct sequence of Ecology:

A. OrganismCommunityPopulation Ecosystem

B. Population Ecosystem Organism Community

C. Ecosystem Community Population Organism

D. Organism Population Community Ecosystem

D. Organism Population Community Ecosystem

30. Each energy level of the Ecological/Energy pyramid is called:

A.Energy StepsB.Trophic StepsC.Trophic LevelsD.Ecology Levels

C. Trophic Levels