Chapter 2:Chapter 2:Personality, Self-EsteemPersonality, Self-Esteem

And EmotionsAnd EmotionsGrade 7Grade 7

Health EducationHealth EducationMs. FitchwellMs. Fitchwell

Personality and Mental Health:Personality and Mental Health:Describing PersonalityDescribing Personality

• PERSONALITY: the behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking that makes you an individual.

• Psychologist: Studies how people think, feel, and behave.

How would you describe your own personality?

5 Traits to Describe Personality5 Traits to Describe Personality1. Extrovert: friendly, outgoing

– INTROVERT: person whose thoughts and feelings are directed inward

2. Agreeableness: Agree with others in a friendly way. Usually forgiving and good-natured

3. Conscientiousness: How responsible and self disciplined you are

4. Emotional Stability: Relaxed, secure, and calm; focus on the positive

5. Openness to Experiences: Curious, imaginative, and creative

How is Personality Formed?How is Personality Formed?1.Heredity: born with distinct temperaments2.Environment: modifies traits

– MODELING: copying the behavior of others– Friends, family, school, teachers, and culture– American teens spend more than 50% of

their time with other teens– PEER GROUP: people who are about the

same age and share similar interests

*By young adulthood your personality traits are fairly well established

Identity: Sense of self. Search begins in teen years– Still able to work to change traits with which

you are not satisfied

Self-Esteem and Your HealthSelf-Esteem and Your Health• SELF-ESTEEM: how

much you respect and like yourself

• More than any other factor, SELF-ESTEEM has a DIRECT effect on all aspects of your health- mental, social, and physical.

HIGH SELF-ESTEEM:•Accepts themselves for who they are•Realistic views of their strengths and weaknesses•Maintain positive attitude•Form close relationships with peersLOW SELF-ESTEEM:•Negative opinion•Judge self harshly•Worry about what others think of them too much•“Act” in public•Lack self- confidence

How is self esteem formed?How is self esteem formed?

• Over the years you have received feedback - messages from others that indicate who they think you are or what they think you are like.

• Positive and negative feedback from parents, peers, media – both verbal and nonverbal.

• A person with mostly positive feedback will have high self esteem

• A person with mostly negative feedback will most likely have low self esteem and fragile mental health.

Self-Esteem and Your HealthSelf-Esteem and Your Health• Teens with low

self- esteem…– Increased

chance of serious health problems

– More likely to use drugs

– More likely to drop out of school

– More likely to suffer from eating disorders

• Improving self- esteem:– Learn to focus on

strengths– Select friends who will

support & encourage you to do your best

– Avoid dwelling on defeat– Practice good health

habits– Avoid doing things that

“go along with the crowd”– Set goals for yourself– Take time each day to do

something you enjoy– Avoid negative thinking– Have the ability to LAUGH

at yourself

Achieving Your Potential Achieving Your Potential

• Self-Actualization: Process by which people achieve their full potential.– Before achieving self-actualization, a persons

basic needs must be met

• Hierarchy of Needs: Physical needs, safety, belonging, and esteem

Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

Expressing Emotions:Expressing Emotions:Common EmotionsCommon Emotions

• EMOTIONS: are signals that tell your body how to react – they are simply the way your body and mind respond to input

• Primary Emotions: Emotions that are expressed by people in all cultures– Example: Happiness, sadness, anger, fear

• Learned Emotions: Emotions that are not expressed in the same way by all people – Examples: Love, Guilt, Shame

Primary Emotions:Primary Emotions:• Happiness: Normal response to pleasant events in

ones life• Fear: An emotion you feel when you recognize a

threat to your safety or security • Sadness:

• Sorrow or unhappiness• Normal response to disappointing events in

one’s life• Feeling usually passes quickly, but prolonged

sadness could be a sign of depression•GRIEF: a period of deep sorrow• Overcoming sadness:

– Admit emotion– Share feelings

Primary EmotionsPrimary Emotions• Anger: When people let their emotions carry them into anger, they face dangers of losing friendships, losing their jobs, or precipitating violence from those whose actions have upset them. Positively directing emotional energy is essential to healthy living.• Anger can be helpful or harmful• How can it be helpful???

Learned Emotions:Learned Emotions:• Love:

•Many types of love (ex. Between family members, in marriage, and love between friends)

•Felt towards places, things, & people•One of the most positive emotions

people are capable of•Ability to give and receive love is

essential to mental health

Learned EmotionsLearned Emotions• Guilt: Feeling you get when you know you

did something wrong– Correct the situation– Talk about feeling

• Shame: Focuses on the person rather than the action– Lowers self-esteem

• Guilt: “I did a bad thing”

• Shame: “I am a bad person”

Expressing Emotions:Expressing Emotions:Coping with Your EmotionsCoping with Your Emotions

• COPING STRATEGY: A way of dealing with an uncomfortable or unbearable feeling or situation – used consciously or unconsciously

Also known as:• DEFENSE MECHANISMS: Coping strategies

that help you protect yourself from difficult feelings

• Sometimes coping strategies can protect you from painful events, but if overused, they can stunt emotional growth. If depended upon too much, one may not learn to express true feelings.

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms• Denial

– Refusing to recognize the existence of an emotion

• Rationalization– Making excuses for

actions or feelings

• Compensation– Making up for

weakness in one area by excelling in another area

• Reaction Formation– Behaving in a way

opposite to the way you feel

• Projection– Putting your own

faults onto another person

• Regression– Returning to

immature behaviors to express emotions

Expressing Emotions:Expressing Emotions:Coping with Your EmotionsCoping with Your Emotions

• Other Coping Strategies– Confront situation, turn

it into a positive if you can

– Release energy by exercising, cleaning, etc.

– Take a break by reading, walking, writing in a journal, etc.

– Talk through you feelings with someone you trust

• Harmful Coping Strategies– Strong emotions could

cloud a person’s judgment

– A person could turn to coping strategies which make the situation worse for him/ her

• Acting out in violent ways• Using alcohol or drugs• Withdrawing from friends

and family