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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

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Page 1: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

MACROSCOPIC SCALE

Elements combine to make compounds.

ATOMIC SCALE

Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

Page 2: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

What we’ll cover…• Compound Formulas

• Ions– Monatomic– Polyatomic

• Ionic Compounds

• Molecular Compounds

• Other types of extended Structures

Page 3: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Compound Formulas

Examples:

NaCl

CH3OH

(NH4)2SO4

Page 4: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Three Types of Compounds

Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent

Ionic

Page 5: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Types of Formulas

Page 6: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

IONS

Cations

Formed by losing electrons.

Have a positive charge.

Formed mainly from metals.

Page 7: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

IONS

Cations

Formed by losing electrons.

Have a positive charge.

Formed mainly from metals.

Anions

Formed by gaining electrons.

Have a negative charge.

Formed mainly from nonmetals.

Page 8: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

Page 9: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming IONS

Cations

Name of element + “ion”

Na+ = sodium ion

Mg2+ = magnesium ion

Page 10: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming IONS

Cations

Name of element + “ion”

Na+ = sodium ion

Mg2+ = magnesium ion

Anions

Name of element with –ide ending + “ion”

Cl- = chloride ion

O2- = oxide ion

Page 11: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Polyatomic Ions you need to know

Page 12: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Ionic Compound Formulas

Total cation charge = Total anion charge

Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________

Page 13: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Ionic Compound Formulas

Total cation charge = Total anion charge

Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl

Mg2+ and Cl- make ________

Page 14: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Ionic Compound Formulas

Total cation charge = Total anion charge

Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl

Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2

NH4+ and SO4

2- make _________

Page 15: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming Ionic Compounds

Name = cation name + anion name

Ex:

NaCl =

NH4Br =

Page 16: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Molecular Compounds

Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound

Ex: C + O

S + O

C + H

Page 17: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Aside on gas prices…

Crude oil

Propane

Butane

Jet Fuel

Gasoline

Diesel/Heating

Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)

Page 18: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

Page 19: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming Molecular Compounds

Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

Page 20: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming Molecular Compounds

Binary Compounds form with 2 elements

Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

Page 21: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Naming Molecular Compounds

Binary Compounds form with 2 elements

Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

Use prefixes to indicate numbers:2 = di3 = tri4 = tetra5 = penta

Page 22: Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended

Network Solids

• Held together like a molecule

• Large and extended


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