Chapter 2:Chapter 2:The First English ColoniesThe First English Colonies

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Pages 21-23Pages 21-23

EnglandEnglandhad become a Protestant country in which had become a Protestant country in which

the Bible was freely available to allthe Bible was freely available to all

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth ICalled for a Bible to be placed in every churchCalled for a Bible to be placed in every church

The BibleThe BibleThe Bible had an important influence on the men and The Bible had an important influence on the men and

women who came to America and in the type of women who came to America and in the type of

government they set up.government they set up.

John WycliffeJohn WycliffeExposed false doctrines of the Roman church and had the Exposed false doctrines of the Roman church and had the

entire Bible translated into English for the first timeentire Bible translated into English for the first time

William TyndaleWilliam TyndaleWrote an English translation of the Bible that Wrote an English translation of the Bible that

circulated Britain in the 1500scirculated Britain in the 1500s

Henry VIIIHenry VIIIMade the English Reformation official by breaking all ties Made the English Reformation official by breaking all ties

between England & the Roman church.between England & the Roman church.

The English people had a The English people had a strong spiritual heritage.strong spiritual heritage.

Magna CartaMagna Carta““Great Charter”Great Charter”

Magna Carta was an attempt to stop a king Magna Carta was an attempt to stop a king from abusing his power with the people of from abusing his power with the people of

England suffering. This helped prepare England suffering. This helped prepare England for limited government.England for limited government.

John CabotJohn CabotFirst modern European explorer to set foot on the mainland First modern European explorer to set foot on the mainland

of North America in 1497 (5 years after Columbus of North America in 1497 (5 years after Columbus discovered America). He explored the Atlantic coast of discovered America). He explored the Atlantic coast of

North America and claimed the land for England. North America and claimed the land for England.

Francis DrakeFrancis DrakeFirst Englishman to sail around the worldFirst Englishman to sail around the world

Strait of MagellanStrait of Magellan

Sir Walter RalieghSir Walter Raliegh Sent an expedition to establish a colony on Sent an expedition to establish a colony on

Roanoke Island in 1585. The first attempt to Roanoke Island in 1585. The first attempt to colonize on Roanoke failed. He sent another colonize on Roanoke failed. He sent another expedition in 1587 led by John White.expedition in 1587 led by John White.

John WhiteJohn White Led an expedition which landed in Led an expedition which landed in Roanoke in July 1587. After being Roanoke in July 1587. After being there a month, he sailed home to there a month, he sailed home to England for supplies. When White England for supplies. When White

finally returned to Roanoke in 1591, finally returned to Roanoke in 1591, he found that the entire colony had he found that the entire colony had vanished. Roanoke Island is called vanished. Roanoke Island is called

the “Lost colony.”the “Lost colony.”http://youtu.be/o99Y4Brq-GYhttp://youtu.be/o99Y4Brq-GY

Virginia DareVirginia DareFirst English child to be born in AmericaFirst English child to be born in America

““Croatoan”Croatoan”the only clue to the fate of the “Lost Colony” of the only clue to the fate of the “Lost Colony” of

Roanoke.Roanoke.

Joint Stock CompaniesJoint Stock Companies English businessmen obtained English businessmen obtained

money to establish settlements money to establish settlements through joint-stock companies. through joint-stock companies.

King James IKing James IGranted a charter allowing two joint stock Granted a charter allowing two joint stock

companies to start colonization of Virginia. companies to start colonization of Virginia. (Southern Virginia – the London Company; (Southern Virginia – the London Company; Northern Virginia – the Plymouth Company)Northern Virginia – the Plymouth Company)

The Virginia CharterThe Virginia Charter This charter guaranteed that the colonists were to enjoy This charter guaranteed that the colonists were to enjoy

the same rights and liberties as Englishmen living in the the same rights and liberties as Englishmen living in the home country (England).home country (England).

Pages 24-28Pages 24-28

JamestownJamestownThe first permanent English settlement in the New WorldThe first permanent English settlement in the New World

Common-Store SystemCommon-Store SystemAmerica’s first experiment with a form of socialism. America’s first experiment with a form of socialism. Each man was required to place the fruits of their Each man was required to place the fruits of their own labor into a common storehouse. Each family own labor into a common storehouse. Each family would receive food from the common storehouse would receive food from the common storehouse

according to their need.according to their need.

This experiment failed miserably.This experiment failed miserably.Why?Why?

Captain John SmithCaptain John SmithHe established the policy that He established the policy that any who would not work any who would not work

should not eatshould not eat..

““Starving Time”Starving Time” In the winter of 1609-1610, hungry In the winter of 1609-1610, hungry

settlers were forced to eat dogs, settlers were forced to eat dogs, horses, and even mice and rats. By horses, and even mice and rats. By the spring of 1610, only 60 settlers the spring of 1610, only 60 settlers remained alive. remained alive.

John RolfeJohn RolfeMarried the Indian Princess Pocahontas and introduced the Married the Indian Princess Pocahontas and introduced the

Virginia colonists to the growing of tobacco.Virginia colonists to the growing of tobacco.

Indentured ServantIndentured Servant One who entered into an agreement with One who entered into an agreement with

an established colonist. The established an established colonist. The established colonist would pay for the indentured colonist would pay for the indentured servant to travel to America; in return, the servant to travel to America; in return, the indentured servant would work for the indentured servant would work for the colonist for a period of time without pay colonist for a period of time without pay (usually 4-7 years). Once the contract was (usually 4-7 years). Once the contract was fulfilled, the servant would become a free fulfilled, the servant would become a free man. man.

Free EnterpriseFree Enterprise““capitalismcapitalism””

This means that the government This means that the government leaves individuals leaves individuals freefree to own to own businesses and make a living businesses and make a living

dependent on their own initiative. dependent on their own initiative. This would become the cornerstone This would become the cornerstone

of America’s greatness.of America’s greatness.

House of BurgessesHouse of BurgessesThis assembly advised the governor of This assembly advised the governor of the colony and assisted him in making the colony and assisted him in making

laws. laws.

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion an armed rebellion in 1676 by an armed rebellion in 1676 by

Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley, who had failed to William Berkeley, who had failed to address the demands of the colonists address the demands of the colonists regarding their safety. regarding their safety.

PuritansPuritans“dissenters”“dissenters”

Believed that the practices of the Anglican church were still Believed that the practices of the Anglican church were still too much like those of the Catholic church and wished to too much like those of the Catholic church and wished to

“purify” it from within.“purify” it from within.

SeparatistsSeparatists““dissentersdissenters””

They wanted to withdraw completely from the They wanted to withdraw completely from the official church and form their own independent official church and form their own independent

churches.churches.

John RobinsonJohn RobinsonLed his congregation of Separatists from England to Led his congregation of Separatists from England to Holland to escape persecution and to gain religious Holland to escape persecution and to gain religious

freedom.freedom.

““Strangers”Strangers” 66 passengers aboard the 66 passengers aboard the Mayflower Mayflower

that were non-Separatists. The that were non-Separatists. The Pilgrims called them “Strangers.”Pilgrims called them “Strangers.”

Mayflower Compact:Mayflower Compact:Expressed the willingness of the people to have a Expressed the willingness of the people to have a

government created and to submit to its authority. It set an government created and to submit to its authority. It set an important precedent for representative governmentimportant precedent for representative government

Pages 29-31Pages 29-31

SamosetSamosetIndian that came to the village of the Pilgrims and said, Indian that came to the village of the Pilgrims and said,

“Much welcome, Englishmen”“Much welcome, Englishmen”

SquantoSquantoActed as a guide and interpreterActed as a guide and interpreter

Taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and plant cropsTaught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and plant crops

MassasoitMassasoitChief of the Wampanoag TribeChief of the Wampanoag Tribe

Signed a peace treaty with Governor Carver that was kept Signed a peace treaty with Governor Carver that was kept until Massasoit’s death.until Massasoit’s death.

The First ThanksgivingThe First ThanksgivingThree day feast in the fall of 1621. Indians joined Three day feast in the fall of 1621. Indians joined

the Pilgrims as they celebrated, feasted, heard the the Pilgrims as they celebrated, feasted, heard the Bible read publicly, and gave thanks to God for His Bible read publicly, and gave thanks to God for His

many blessings.many blessings.

Miles StandishMiles Standish”Stranger” that headed Plymouth’s military defense force”Stranger” that headed Plymouth’s military defense force

William BrewsterWilliam BrewsterServed as Pastor of the PilgrimsServed as Pastor of the Pilgrims

John CarverJohn CarverPlymouth’s first governorPlymouth’s first governor

William BradfordWilliam BradfordPlymouth’s second governor. Became governor when John Plymouth’s second governor. Became governor when John

Carver died. He held the office for over 30 years.Carver died. He held the office for over 30 years.

History of Plymouth PlantationHistory of Plymouth Plantation““First American History Book”First American History Book”Written by William BradfordWritten by William Bradford

Council for New EnglandCouncil for New England Legal controllers of the territory in which the Legal controllers of the territory in which the

Pilgrims had settled. In 1621, the Council for Pilgrims had settled. In 1621, the Council for New England granted Plymouth a patent, New England granted Plymouth a patent, recognizing their right of settlement. recognizing their right of settlement.

Common-Store System Failed in Common-Store System Failed in PlymouthPlymouth

Even in Plymouth, where most of the Even in Plymouth, where most of the people had a strong Christian faith, people had a strong Christian faith, the common-store system the common-store system encouraged laziness and encouraged laziness and unproductive behavior. They learned unproductive behavior. They learned that even among godly people, the that even among godly people, the free enterprise system is far better free enterprise system is far better than the common-store system. than the common-store system.

What Made Plymouth a Successful What Made Plymouth a Successful CommunityCommunity

1.1. Faith in GodFaith in God2.2. A Strong belief in the Protestant A Strong belief in the Protestant

work ethicwork ethic3.3. Exercise of the Free Enterprise Exercise of the Free Enterprise

systemsystem

General CourtGeneral Court The “freemen” of the colony would meet in the The “freemen” of the colony would meet in the

General Court to pass laws and conduct business General Court to pass laws and conduct business of the colony. of the colony.

““Deputies”Deputies” As the Plymouth colony grew, it became more As the Plymouth colony grew, it became more

difficult to all meet together in the General Court. difficult to all meet together in the General Court. Each town elected representatives called “deputies” Each town elected representatives called “deputies” to meet in the General Court on their behalf.to meet in the General Court on their behalf.

Religious FreedomReligious Freedom The Pilgrims set an important The Pilgrims set an important

example for religious liberty. The example for religious liberty. The people were free to attend the people were free to attend the churches of their choice. churches of their choice.

Congregational ChurchCongregational Church Independent church where each congregation Independent church where each congregation

governed itself and each member had the right governed itself and each member had the right to vote on important issues. to vote on important issues.