How Did the Ideas of the Italian Renaissance Spread Throughout Europe?

Chapter 2

Renaissance ideas eventually spread west and north to all areas of Western Europe

Scholars and artist travelled to the Italian city-states for knowledge and brought it to their homelands

Ideas changed and adapted to fit each societyP.49

Canada’s Renaissance type ideas

How Did the Renaissance Ideas begin to Spread?

Effects of the Renaissance across Western Europe came later but were just as significant

FeudalismHarder to break in lands beyond ItalyOwners of fiefdoms (feudal land) were strongly

opposed to the RenaissanceWar

Many Northern European states at war which prevented the spread of new ideas (Germany, Netherlands, England)

Religion The Catholic Church had a stronger hold and kept the

status quo (the present way of doing things)

Where and How did the Renaissance Spread?Why Were Ideas So Slow to Spread?

When the Hundred Years War ended, travel became safer

UrbanisationFrance and Germany waged war on the

Italian city-statesExposed European monarchs and nobility to

Renaissance IdeasIdeas were borrowed from ItalyItalians were hiredPeace = increase in trade

What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly?

Increase in trade = increase in business and banking

Wealth used to support artistsGrowth of humanism

A system of thought that centers on humans and their values; potential, and worth; concerned with the welfare of humans.

What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly?

The most influential invention of all time.

-The Printing Press-Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400’S-First European book printed was the Gutenberg bible- Faster than copying a book by hand-More books = more readers and writers-By 1500, more than 200 printing presses

-Church opposed printing of bibles for the common people = afraid they would no longer be needed

Classical writings suggested that life on Earth has valueBefore most people focused on the afterlife

These writings lead people to believe that humans potential to do great things, no matter who they were

Even though they believed in faith and the afterlife, humanists thought life on Earth should be rich and full.

How Did Humanism Affect the Renaissance Worldview?

Scholars travelled from one university to another to study and teach new ideas

Humanism supported civic duty and the value of learning

Humanism in Europe as opposed to Italy was more focused on religious issues and learning Christian texts to become better citizens and Christians

How Did Scholars and Philosophers Spread the Ideas of Humanism?

Francanesco Petrarch (1304-2374)Discovered and translated ancient classical

Greek and Roman texts as well as promoting their studyBelieved that truly educated people read books, travelled and surrounded themselves with artBelieved in God and the value of life on Earth

Scholars

Erasmus (1466-1536)Believed people should be taught to argue and apply their knowledgeSaid bible should be translated for all to readBelieved the role of the Church was to teach and support the faith

Scholars

Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)Created the essay writing formBelieved in tolerance and common senseBelieved that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions

Scholars

Art began to reflect the new thinking of humanism

Began portraying the world as it really lookedAfter the 15th century, art focused less on

religious themesRecording the likeness of people became

importantArtist travelled more and developed better

techniquesBecame respected and got paidBecame important contributors to society

How Did Artists Help Spread the Ideas of the Renaissance?

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)Painter, poet, architect, sculptorPainted the Sistine ChapelCreated realistic representations

Artists

Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506)May be the best-known painter and figure of

the Renaissance, genius, inventorMona Lisa considered the most famous

paintingIntroduced the sfumato technique (blurring of

lines)

Artists

Donatello (1386-1466)Developed a technique for casting bronze

statues

Artists

- Donatello’s David (created about 1440)

Movement of science slow during the Middle AgesReligionEurope still very superstitiousAll money went to artsUniversities paid little attention to science

Renaissance = scientists looking at the world using reasoning and observation

Accumulation of knowledge during the Renaissance lead to the age of scientific discovery

How Did Ideas Spread Among Scientists and Mathematicians?

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)Mathematician and astronomerCame up with the theory that the Earth

revolved around the sun rather than everything revolving around the earth

Proved that the Earth rotated on its axis once a day

Believed to be a heretic (having an opinion against the beliefs of a religion)

Scientists and Mathematicians

Leonardo da VinciDissected cadavers to makes drawings on

anatomyMade plans for parachutes, tanks and

submarinesFrançois Viète (1540-1603)

Wrote books on trigonometry and geometry Provided solution to doubling a cube and trisecting an

angle

Scientists and Mathematicians

During the Renaissance, the mechanical clock was invented

Before the early 1500’s time was measured bySundialsHourglasses

Time could now be accurately measured

Inventions

Writers began to compose their works in their own languagesVocabularies, spellings, grammar became more

standardizedThis increased a common sense of identity

among their speakers, readers and writers.

How Did Writers Influence the Renaissance Worldview?

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)Canterbury Tales (explained social and political

circumstances of the time)Sir Thomas Moore (1478-1535)

Wrote Utopia (describes a world that has no problems)

Executed for his refusal to denounce the catholic church

François Rabelais (1494-1553)Wrote Pantagruel, a series of books which made

fun of aspects of society that he felt needed to be changed

Great example of humanism – questioning all aspects of society

Writers

Pléiade (mid-1500’s)Began writing in French rather than Latin

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Poet, playwrightHis works studied worldwide for their inventive

use of language and their insights into human nature

P.75 #1, 3 read section on Leonardo da Vinci

Writers

Urbanization and the fall of the feudal system created a new middle class

As a result, more people had to learn to read, write and do arithmetic

Quality of Life improvedThe sense of safety, comfort, security, health

and happiness that a person hasUrbanization lead to the growth of a capitalist

society An economic system that depends on private

investment and making profit

How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems?

Trade was previously for the acquiring of basic necessities and done by bartering, but increased trade goods led to increased use of money

People became wealthier and money could therefore be used for pleasurable things such as art, music etc.

Society started becoming more secular and people began to focus more on this life on earthHaving to do with physical things; the opposite

of spiritual

How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems?

Was an extended family with father, mother, children, grandparents all living in one household.

Father ruled the household, made all important decisions

Mothers maintained the householdGood relations very importantChildren viewed as mini-adults

Married young, worked young

The Renaissance Family

Although humanist believed all should be educated, it was mostly reserved for elite men.

Women had very little independenceA few women were writers and artists but

they were considered exceptional

Women in the Renaissance

Before the Renaissance, education was generally provided by the Roman Catholic ChurchFocused on grammar, rhetoric (art of

persuasive thinking) and logic (science of reasoning and proving arguments)

The Renaissance brought education based on the value of human life and students were taught to be good citizens

Began asking questions and seeking answers rather than accepting what they were told by authorities.

Education

Conclusion p.86P.87 #5, 6, 7These are the following terms and concepts you

should know from the first two chapters… HINT HINT!!!!!

Review

- What is Worldview?- Value-Belief-Elements affected by Worldview-Factors affecting Worldview-The Silk Road-The Middle Ages-How the Renaissance began (crusades, 100 years war, magna carta etc)-Feudal system-City-state/ urbanization-Trade-Florence/Genoa/Venice

- How the Renaissance spread- Why was it slow to spread-Status quo-Humanism-Printing press-Scholars-Scientists/mathematicians-Writers-Quality of life-Capitalist society-Secular-Family and women-education