CHAPTER 19

NEW IDEAS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES, 1500-1789 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE

ENLIGHTENMENT

Revolution in Science: The Laws of Nature New Ways of Thinking The Newtonian Universe The Popularity of Science

The Sciences of Society The “Age of Reason”

English and Dutch Phases The French Philosophes and the

Radical Enlightenment Enlightenment Thought and

Women

The Sciences of Society International Responses to the

French Enlightenment Faith or Reason? The Economic Critique: The

Physiocrats and Adam Smith The Political Critique of the Old

Regime

The Enlightenment of the Heart Philosophical Movements Religious Movements Humanitarian Movements

The Failure of Monarchical Reform The French Dilemma “Enlightened Despotism”:

Frederick of Prussia, Catherine of Prussia, and Joseph of Austria

Changing Visions: The Arts in Early Modern Europe The Sixteenth Century: Mannerism

Continued The Baroque The Dutch Exception Classicism Rococo and Neoclassism Classical Poetry and the Arrival of

the Novel

YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND The giant steps forward in science

during the Age of Reason. How the scientific revolution

affected philosophy and religion. Specific advances made in

chemistry, medicine, and electricity.

YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND The impact of reason upon political

thought, especially its critique of absolutism.

The reaction against scientific reasoning.