View
220
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 19 Auxin: the growth hormone
Animal hormones: are synthesized and secreted in one part of the body and are transfer
red to specific target sites in another part of the body via the blood stream.
endocrine and paracrine hormones
kinds: proteins, small peptides, amino acid derivatives, and steroids.
Plant hormones: have profound effects on development at vanishingly low concentration
( 1 mM).
kinds: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid
brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, polypeptide systemin
Plant growth regulators: promoters and inhibitors
Auxin: the first growth hormone to be discovered in plants
¤ Plant cell expansion
¤ Viability
¤ Stem elongation
¤ Apical dominance
¤ Root initiation
¤ Fruit development
¤ Oriented, tropic growth or phototropism
6 mm
Cell elongation
The active growth-promoting substance can diffuse into gelatin block;
Bioassay:
a measurement of the effect of a known or suspected biological
active substance on living material.
Auxin: to increase or to grow
the elongation of oat coleoptile sections
H2O + auxin
Natural vs. synthetic auxins
indole
herbicide
Active auxins: a negatively charged carboxyl group
a fractional positive charge on aromatic ring1930
The definition of auxins:
the compounds with biological activities similar to those of IAA,
including the ability to promote cell elongation in coleoptile and
stem sections, cell division in callus cultures in the presence of
cytokinins, formation of adventitious roots on detached leaves and
stems, and other developmental phenomena associated with IAA
action.
Adventitious roots:
roots that arise from structures other than roots, such as stems or
leaves.
Promote lateral and adventitious root formation
– even though auxin inhibit the primary root elongation
Lateral roots: above the elongation and root hai
r zone and originate from small groups of cells in the pericycle.
Adventitious roots: originating from non-root tissue v
ia their cell division activity
Quantitative auxins:
¤ Bioassay
¤ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
¤ Mass spectrometry – gas chromatography: ~ pg
Auxin synthesis sites:
Hydathodes:
the special pores associated with vein
endings at the leaf margin
The shoot and root apical meristems, young leaves,
developing (young) fruits and seeds (06?)
a differentiating vascular strand
The margins of young leaves
A synthetic auxin-sensitive DR5 promoter + a GUS reporter
Tryptophan-dependent pathways of IAA biosynthesis:
Brassicaceae,Poaceae,Musaceae
bacteria
multiple pathways important for development