Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life, 1860-

1900Chapter 19

1.) How did Immigrants shape American cities?

2.) What were political bosses and why did they gain power in the post Civil War cities?

3.) Why did tensions develop between civic reformers and the urban poor?

Guiding Questions

4.) How did new consumer products and greater leisure time reinforce awareness of class and ethnic differences?

5.) What was “Victorian morality”, and why was it under attack by the late 19th Century?

6.) How did economic and educational transformations affect the social roles of women?

Guiding Questions

Urbanization

Immigration

Housing (Tenements)

Sanitation

Social Classes

Americanization

Urbanization

Why did Immigrants come to U.S. cities?

Old Immigrants

New Immigrants

Castle Garden (1855-1890)

Ellis Island

Angel Island

Steerage

Urbanization

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Language Barriers

Irish Immigrants

Irish-American

German-American

Jewish-American

Urban Society

Italian neighborhood, Mulberry Street, New York

Slums

Ghettos

Discriminatory Laws

Pollution

Infant Mortality Rate

Urbanization

Hell’s Kitchen

Fashionable Avenues

Fifth Avenue

Commonwealth Avenue

Suburbia

New Transportation Methods

Urbanization

The Victorian Code

The American Woman’s Home

Catherine Beecher

Proper Manners

How did women respond to the Victorian Code?

Everyday Life

Department Stores

Rowland Macy

The Adventure of Shopping

Higher Education

Leland Stanford

Everyday Life

Political Bosses

Political Machines

Boss William Tweed

Tammany Hall

Grafts

Thomas Nast

Everyday Life

Battling Poverty

Robert Hartley

New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP)

Charles Brace

New York Children’s Aid Society

Everyday Life

The Salvation Army

“General” William Booth

Josephine Shaw Lowell’s Charity Organization Society (COS)

Accusations against the COS

Everyday Life

The Social Gospel

Washington Gladden

Walter Rauschenbusch

The Federal Council of Churches

Everyday Life

Rauschenbusch

Settlement Houses

Jane Addams

Hull House

What types of things did the Hull House offer to those in need?

Everyday Life

Saloons

Immigrant Politics

Bare-knuckle prize fighting

Baseball

The New York Knickerbockers

The National League

Everyday Life

The Cincinnati Red Stockings

Entertainment

Vaudeville

Amusement Parks (Coney Island)

Dance Halls

Ragtime

Everyday Life

The Genteel Tradition

Eliot Norton

E.L. Godkin

The Century

The North American Review

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)

Everyday Life

Mark Twain

Public Education in the late 19th Century

William Torrey Harris

Mandatory Attendance Policies

How did the poor react to the new education laws?

How did the Catholic Church respond to the new education laws?

Everyday Life