Chapter 18, Sections 1 & 2World War I

CAUSES OF WAR

-Nationalisma.) new nations form (Italy & Germany-1870s)b.) competition for power

-Imperialism

-Militarism-Schlieffen Plan-rifles v. machine

guns

-Alliances

Germany

Russia

Austria-Hungary

England

France

Italy

Serbia

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

-a plan to prevent a war for Germany on two separate fronts

Assumed:-Russia would take at least 6 weeks to

mobilize-France would be easily defeated in 6

weeks-Belgium would not resist any German

attack-Britain would remain neutral

PRE-WAR ALLIANCES

Triple Alliance Triple Entente

-Germany -France-Austria-Hungary -Russia-Italy -Great Britain

-To decrease chances of war-balance of power

Gavrilo Princip Archduke Ferdinand

Archduke Ferdinand

Assassinated

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

Russia mobilizes troops to protect Serbs

Germany declares war on

Russia b/c of mobilization;

also on France; invades Belgium

Great Britain

declares war on

Germany b/c of

Belgium

WWI ALLIANCES

Central Powers Allied Powers

-Germany -France-Austria-Hungary -Russia-Ottoman Empire -England

-Italy!!!

Adriatic Sea

GERMANY ATTACKS

-Schlieffen Plan

-Aug. 4, 1914- attacks neutral country of Belgium in order to get to France

-Great Britain declares war on Germany

-new kind of warfare

THE 1ST BATTLE OF THE MARNE

-Germans were 25 miles from Paris

-French counterattack along Marne River- Sept. 7, 1914

-French push the Germans back 40 miles

-5 days; 250,000 lives lost

Significance of Battle

STALEMATE IN THE WAR

-trench warfare

-no-man’s land

-p.587

-life in the trenches

NEW WEAPONS

-needed to end stalemate

-Germans: chemical warfare

-English & French follow

NEW WEAPONS

-Tanks

-Artillery

-Airplanes

-trench warfare continues!

http://www.loc.gov/vets/

http://www.loc.gov/vets/

AMERICA AS ISOLATIONISTS

-isolationism

-but leaned toward the Allied Cause

-Woodrow Wilson

GERMAN U-BOATS

-Unrestricted warfare

-Sussex

-Sussex Pledge

PEACE W/O VICTORY

-Wilson re-elected

-”peace without victory”

-Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

-U.S. ends diplomatic relations with Germany

ZIMMERMAN NOTE

-called for an alliance between Mexico and Germany

-goal was to tie up American forces in the Western Hemisphere

-intercepted/decoded by British

-Wilson refuses to wage war

FINAL BREAKING POINT

-March 1917- German U-boats sink 3 American merchant vessels

-America declares war on Germany on April 6, 1917