CHAPTER 16: The Civil War

Section 5: The Tide of War Turns

VOCABULARY Total war Destroying civilian and economic resources

FREDERICKSBURG AND

CHANCELLORSVILLE General Ambrose E. Burnside took command of the Union Army He lost the Battleof Fredericksburg toLee

Battle of Fredericksburg

FREDERICKSBURG AND

CHANCELLORSVILLE General Joseph Hooker then took command He lost the Battle of Chancellorsville to Lee

Battle of Chancellorsville

Battle of Chancellorsville

Robert E. Lee

and his Horse

“Traveler”

GETTYSBURG Lee marches up North again

Fredericksburg

Chancellorsville

Washington D.C.

Pennsylvania

Virginia

Gettysburg

GETTYSBURG Next General George G. Meade commanded the Union Army

Why Gettysburg?

GETTYSBURG The Battle of Gettysburg was the key turning point of the war Three day battle in July 1863 Bloodiest battle (28,000 casualties)

Gettysburg Day One

Gettysburg Day Two

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Gettysburg Day Two

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Little Round TopLittle Round Top

Gettysburg Day Three

George Pickett

Pickett’s Charge

Pickett’s Charge

Pickett’s Charge

Pickett’s Charge

Gettysburg Day Three

GETTYSBURG Pickett’s Charge fails Union victory Beginning of the downfall of the South

AFTERMATH OF GETTYSBURG

Lincoln visits the battlefield• Gives the Gettysburg Address – speech to honor the soldiers

Lincoln at

Gettysburg

AFTERMATH OF GETTYSBURG

1864 Presidential Election• Lincoln vs. McClellan

AFTERMATH OF GETTYSBURG

Lincoln wins in a landslide vote

SHERMAN’S MARCH Union General William Tecumseh Sherman captures Atlanta, Georgia

Sherman Captures Atlanta

SHERMAN’S MARCH He burned down the city Then marched to the coast

Sherman’s March to the Sea

“I will make Georgia howl.”

SHERMAN’S MARCH Along the way, he practiced total war

“Sherman Necktie”

THE WILDERNESS AND PETERSBURG Grant took charge of all Union troops His WildernessCampaign attackedLee in Virginia

The Wilderness Campaign

THE WILDERNESS AND PETERSBURG • Grant took twice as many casualties but continued attacking

Both sides dug in at Petersburg for a siege

Trenches at

Petersburg

Union Gun at Petersburg

Lee on the Run

APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE

Grant finally surrounds Lee at Appomattox Courthouse • Lee is forced to surrender

Surrender at

Appomattox

“The war is over, the rebels are our

countrymen again.”

“I have done for you all that it was in my power to do. You have

done all your duty. Leave the result to God. Go to your homes and resume your occupations. Obey the laws and become as

good citizens as you were soldiers”

EFFECTS OF THE WAR The Civil War lasted 4

years (1861-1865) 620,000 Americans died Ended slavery