Chapter 17The Progressive Movement

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Drive to ReformSection 1

• A. Progressives- like populist, but more middle class

• Goals:– Reform conditions in cities and factories– End Political Corruption– End Dirty Business Practices– Help Poor– Increase morals– women’s suffrage

B. Muckrakers

• Muckraker- writer who brings attention to corruption and poverty

• Examples: – Lincoln Steffens- McClure’s Magazine, the Shame

of Cities– Jacob Riis-– Ida Tarbell– Upton Sinclair– Frank Norris

C. Society Reform

• 1. Helping the Poor– Social Gospel- Walter Rauschenbusch- must be

Christians and help each other– Settlement houses- Jane Adams- provide place for

immigrants to stay, take classes, learn English– YMCA

• 2- End Child Labor- 1902- Illinois bans child labor

• Other states follow• Florence Kelly- founds National Child Labor

Union- helped created U.S. Children’s labor Bureau

• 1916- Keating Owens Act- banned child labor

• 3. Industrial Workers helped– 1900 highest rated of Industrial accidents– Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire- New York 1911• Killed 146 workers• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owk_LE1GcKY• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL_U4pGdTV0

– After fire, ten hour work day passed – Workplace safety laws passed- OSHA– Worker compensation laws

D. Reform Gov’t• Progressives wanted to give control back to

the people• Reform comes out of disaster– Galveston Texas- Hurricane killed 8,000 people– City commission founded to run city clean up

efforts– City commission become permanent– Many cities adopt commission or City Manager– How do these take power away from city bosses

• Reform in elections– Direct Primary– Initiative– Referendum– Recall– Direct election of Senators- 17th amendment– How do these effect elections

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q62vlcFLLlM Johnston flood

Women Make ProgressSection 2

• At Turn of the Century, women seeking to expand their rights

• A. Hardships– Only jobs outside of home minimum wage jobs• Seamstress, secretary, laundresses

– Expected to turn over wages. – Did get hours lowered, but same laws used to

justify paying women less

B. Goals

• Women wanted:– Better Wages– Education– Better Jobs– Less working hours– Suffrage– Property rights– Family planning

Cooperative Learn

• Florence Kelly– 1– 2– 3

• Margaret Sanger– 1– 2– 3

• Ida B. Wells– 1– 2– 3

• Carrie Chapman Catt– 1– 2– 3

• Alice Paul– 1– 2– 3

• WCTU– 1– 2– 3

C. Some Success

• NAWSA and NWP help drum up support during WWI

• Congress approves 19th Amendment in June 1919

• Votes should not be denied based on sex• Tennessee passes by one vote August 1920• Become law

Struggle Against DiscriminationSection 3

• A. Americanization– Settlement houses used to Americanize

immigrants– Show them how to speak and behave like

Americans• B. Racism– Racism based on social Darwinism- some races

more advance then others

• Plessey V. Ferguson backed this thought with Jim Crow laws

• By 1910, segregation the norm

• C. Reform attempts– Booker T. Washington- AA’s must be patient– W.E.B. Du Bois- we cannot wait• Do fight disenfranchisement started the Niagara

Movement

• Spring field Race riots motivated AA leaders to start the NAACP-

D. Springfield Riots

• What was significant about Springfield race riots

E. Other groups fight racism

• Anti-Defamation league in 1913 tries to fight against anti-Semitism

• Partido Liberal Mexican- tries to help M.A. in poverty

• Mutualistas- offers loans and provided legal insurance

• Society of American Indian- protested gov’t policy against natives- Carlos Montezuma was their leader

• Takao Ozawas fought laws preventing Asians from becoming citizens and laws preventing them from owning land

Roosevelt’s Road to the White HouseSection 4

• Theodore Roosevelt was a ambitious, strong willed politician

• Republican leaders wanted to “keep an eye on him”

• Make him VP, would make sure he had no power

• However, one life between him and presidency

TR’s early life

• Very sickly childhood• Studied at Harvard• Wife and mother died on same day• Went out west to be a cattle rancher• Secretary of the Navy• Joined the Rough Riders during Spanish

American War

TR as Prez

• President McKinley assassinated September 14 1901

• McKinley was part of Republican “old guard”• TR was more progressive• TR would not be controlled, he was a leader

Roosevelt and the Square Deal

• Believed he was “steward of the people”• Wanted to give America a “Square Deal”

• Believed their were good trusts- companies that benefited the American people because of monopoly

• Bad trusts- companies that took advantage of the people through monopoly

Trust Busting

• Wanted to break these bad trusts• Victory over Northern Securities and the

Railroads• Signaled end of relationship between gov’t

and business where gov’t would let businesses do whatever they wanted

• Created the Bureau of Corporations in 1903– Monitor businesses

• Also the Elkins Act- 1903

• Hepburn Act- 1906

Help Workers

• Acted as a mediator in 1902 coal mine strike• Instead of supporting owners, asked

representative for both sides to come to the Whitehouse and negotiate

• Both sides were willing to compromise after he threatened to take over mines

• “ I’ll do it and worry if it is constitutional later”

Square deal for consumers

• Wanted to protect the American consumer• “The Jungle made it obviously clear that

businesses needed to be regulated• Created:– Meat inspection act– Pure food and drug act- regulated and inspected

food and drug producing facilities – Producers had to start using labels

Protection of Nature

• Set up national Parks- Yellow Stone National Park

• Closed off more than 100 million acres of forest

• Gifford Pinchot- came up with better idea??

• National Reclamation Act?

Filling TR’s Shoes

• TR was very popular in 1908 and could have easily won re-election

• Would not seek a third term• Hand picked successor was William Howard

Taft• Was suppose to continue TR’s progressive

policies

Taft Policies

• Approved Payne-Aldrich Act- raised tariffs• Stopped distinguishing good and bad trusts• Fired Gifford Pincot• All this greatly upset Roosevelt

• Roosevelt would begin campaigning as third party leader for election of 1912- Bull Moose Progressive Party

Taft Victories

• Taft did get some progressive victories– Income tax passed– Helped break up even more trusts– Improved the Interstate Commerce Act– Gov’t employees received 8 hour work day– Reformed campaign laws

The Election of 1912

• Describe election of 1912– 3 candidates– 3 parties– Who won?– Why?

Wilson as Prez

• Wilson, strong willed, intelligent, and well educated

• Lacked charm of TR- came of as snooty • Would deliver his messages directly to

Congress personally• Bypassed the senate and appealed directly to

the people to get the Underwood Tariff Passed

• Underwood Tariff would lower tariffs• went along with raise in income tax to make

up for lost revenue

• Banking Reform• Banks required to keep certain amount of

money on hand for their customers• In times of panic, people would rush to

remove money from banks

• Bank had no central bank to borrow from• If they ran out of money, bank would close

down

• Created the Federal Reserve • Three levels– Federal Reserve Board– Federal Reserve Banks- bankers’ banks– Local banks all across the nation

Regulating Big Business

• Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to strengthen Sherman Antitrust Act

• Much more specific on what corporations could do

• Created the Federal Trade Commission- Helped regulate businesses

Helping Workers

• Wilson tried to end child labor• Passed the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act• Congress Ruled Unconstitutional

• Did help adult laborers by passing legislation allowing unions more power and better working conditions

• Helped farmers by setting up farmer banks

Progressive Legacy

• Progressives had success where Populist were unsuccessful

• Got reform in Gov’t, big business, working conditions, and rights of minorities.

• Lasting Legacy- Expansion of gov’t and more control in people’s lives