Chapter16,SouthAsiaPg.489-512

India Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Maldives Sri Lanka

Chapter16,Lesson1PhysicalGeographyofSouthAsia

Pg.492-497

SouthAsia'sPhysicalFeatures

•  3mountainrangesonthenorthernborderoftheIndiansubcon:nent:HinduKush,Karakorum,&Himalaya–  Himalayas-“therooLopoftheworld”– Mt.Everest–highestmountainintheworld(29,028L)

SouthAsia'sPhysicalFeatures•  3majorriverscreatealluvialplains(floodplainswheresiltisdepositedannually,creaYngferYlefarmland):•  Ganges&BrahmaputraRivers–India&Bangladesh•  createtheworld’slargestdelta(placewheresoilisdepositedatthemouthofariver)

•  IndusRiver–Pakistan•  Majorfloodingin2010killed1,600peopleandput1/5ofthecountryunderwater

SouthAsia'sPhysicalFeatures

•  Islands– SriLanka– Maldives–1,190coralatolls(small,ring-shapedislands)thatareonly6feetabovesealevel• Globalwarmingmaysomedaycompletelysubmergethem!

ClimateofSouthAsia•  Affectedbymonsoons–seasonalwindsthatblowdryairfromthenorthinthewinter&wetairfromthesouthwestinthesummer

•  Cyclones(hurricanes)arealsoathreat

ClimateofSouthAsia

•  MostofSouthAsiahasatropicalwet/dryclimatewith3seasons(hot,cool,&wet)

•  Temperatezonesinthenorth&centralIndia•  DesertintheNorthwest(Pakistan)

•  Themountainrangesarecoveredwithsnowyear-roundandaffecttheclimateofthelower-lyingareasbyblockingnorthernwind

SouthAsia'sMineral&EnergyResources,Pg.496-497

Country NaturalResourcesIndiaNepalSriLankaPakistanBangladesh

EcosystemsofSouthAsia

•  Animals:rhinoceroses,Asianelephants,BengalYgers,ibexes,&paintedstorks

Chapter16,Lesson2HistoryofSouthAsia

Pg.498-503

EarlyHistoryofSouthAsia•  2500-1500BC-IndusRiverValley–oneoftheworld’sfirstcivilizaYons–farmers,arYsans,andtraders

•  1500-500BC–AryansmovedintoIndia,farmed,andstartedHinduism&theSanskritlanguage–  Createdthecastesystem– wrotetheVedas(religioushymns)inSankrit

•  500BC–Buddhism&JainismstartedinIndia•  AD600s-700s–Islamwasbroughttotheregionbytradersandinvaders

India’sMainReligion:Hinduism

•  80%ofIndiansareHindu•  PolytheisYc–manygods•  Creator–“Brahma” à•  Nofounder,noholybook,&nocentralcoreofbeliefs

•  Everylivingthinghasasoul–  Cows–sacredtoHindus,sonotusedforfood

•  Reincarna:on–beliefthatthesoulsofhumans&animalscanberebornmanyYmesunYltheyarepureenoughtounitew/Brahma

CasteSystem

•  EveryIndianisbornintoasocialgroupbasedonfamily&occupaYon– Basedonreligiouspurity– Determinedyourjob,whatyoucaneat,whoyoucanmarry&hangoutwith

–  Ifyoufollowtherulesofyourcaste,youmightmoveupalevelinyournextlife

Dalits:“Untouchables”•  Notreallyinthecastesystem– giventerriblejobsliketrashcollecYng/handlingdeadbodies

– HavefewjoboreducaYonalopportuniYes– 5%ofthepopulaYon

TheCasteSystemToday:

•  ThenewconsYtuYonIndiacreatedin1950abolishedthecastesystem– However,itissYllfollowedinpracYce,justnotasstrictly

•  Lifeasadalit(untouchable)issYlldifficult

ReligionsthatdevelopedinresponsetoHinduism&thecastesystem

•  Jainism-believethatviolenceagainstanylivingcreatureiswrong

ReligionsthatdevelopedinresponsetoHinduism&thecastesystem

•  Buddhism-achievenirvana(peace&joywithnosuffering)bythinkingclearly,workinghard,&caringforothers–  4NobleTruthsofBuddhism

1.  Lifeisfullofsuffering.2.  Sufferingiscausedbyselfishdesire.3.  Conqueringdesirecanstopsuffering.4.  DesirecanbeconqueredbytheEighloldPath:rightview,

rightintenYon,rightspeech,rightacYon,rightwayofliving,righteffort,rightmindfulness,&rightconcentraYon.

3majorempiresinthehistoryofSouthAsia

•  Mauryas,700BC–ledbyAshoka–awarriorwhoturnedBuddhistanddevelopedtrade&culture

•  Guptas,AD320-550–ledbyChandraguptaI–developedscience,math(ourdecimalsystem!),medicine,&thearts

•  Mughals,AD1500-1600s–Muslimemperors,buttolerantofotherreligionswhilescience,culture,&theartsflourished– MughalEmperorShahJahanbuilttheTajMahal

TajMahalmausoleuminAgra,India

•  BuiltbyEmperorShahJahanin1630-53tohonorhisfavoritewife

Coloniza:on&IndependenceinSouthAsia

•  In the 1600s, British traders established settlements in India.

•  In 1857, the British government took direct control of (colonized) present-day India, Pakistan, & Bangladesh.

•  In the late 1800s, an independence movement began to get rid of the Raj (British imperialist rule of India).

–  MohandasGandhi-IndianleaderwhousedcivildisobediencetoridIndiaoftheBriYsh

•  LedaboycoRofBriYshimportedgoods

•  India became independent in 1947.

ReligiousConflictinIndia

•  Hindusv.Muslims– Hinduswerewealthierlandowners– Muslimsweremostlypoor– EachgroupwantedtorunIndia– Riotskilledthousandsofpeople

•  HowdidIndiasolvetheproblem?

Par::on(division)ofSouthAsia,1947•  India–Hindus•  Pakistan&Bangladesh–Muslims

SincePar::on…

•  IndiaandPakistanhavefoughtseveralwarssincetheirparYYon.

•  Inthelate1990s,bothcountriesdevelopednuclearweapons.

•  Howdoestheirnuclearprolifera:on(thespreadofatomicweapons)affectus?

Chapter16,Lesson3LifeinSouthAsia

Pg.504-509

SouthAsiabythenumbers…

•  Landarea:halfthesizeofthe48conYguousstatesoftheUSA

•  PopulaYon:1.5billionpeopleliveintheregion•  RapidpopulaYongrowthhasputastrainonresourcesandwillcauseIndiatobethemostpopulatedcountryintheworldby2030

•  Urbanareasaregrowingfasterthanruralareas.•  Mumbai–4thlargestcityintheworld(20million),80,100people/sqmi

EconomicsinSouthAsia•  Mostpeoplearefarmers– The“greenrevolu:on”(usingirrigaYon,ferYlizers,&high-yieldingcrops)havehelpedincreasecropyieldstofeedthegrowingpopulaYon

– CoRageindustries–peoplemakegoodsintheirhomestosell&supplement(addto)theirincome•  Spinyarn,weavecloth,jewelry,pooer

EconomicsinSouthAsia•  Bangalore,India– Computer&telecommunicaYonsindustryisbooming– OutsourcedconsumercallcentersforAmericancompanies

•  CiYesarecrowded&millionsliveinslumsorarehomelesswithoutcleanwater&sanitaYon

India:ADiverseCulture

• World’slargestdemocracy,PresidentPranabMukherjeeà

•  2officiallanguagesareHindi&English,buteachstatealsomayhaveitsownuniquelanguage

•  Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveschoolstocompeteglobally•  However,thepoorareoLenunabletofinishschool

ReligionsinIndia

•  Hinduism•  Buddhism•  Jainism•  Sikhism–combinaYonofHindu&Islamwithnocastesystemà

•  Islam•  ChrisYanity

FamilyLifeinIndia

•  Eldersarerespected&femalesareoLensubordinatetomales–  Householdsconsistofparents,sons&theirfamilies,unmarrieddaughters,andotherrelaYves

•  WomenoLenwearsaris(brightlycoloredclothdrapedoverthebodylikealongdress)orpurdahs(veilwornoverherfaceinpublic)– ManyIndiansarenowwearing“western”clothingstyles

TheArtsinIndia

•  Music-sitar•  Literature–epicpoemsRamayana&Mahabharata

•  Bollywood–world’slargestfilmindustry

IndianFood•  Usuallyvegetarianandspicy,seasonedwithcurry

•  Dal-LenYlsoup•  RoYs–flatwheatcakes•  Idlis–ricepancakes

Pakistan

•  MostlyMuslim•  HighpopulaYongrowth&lowliteracyrate– 6thlargestpopulaYonintheworld– CompeYngethnicgroupsoLenhaveviolentconflict&leadershavebeenassassinated

•  TheUS’sWaronTerrorism– USmilitaryfound(andkilled)OsamabinLadeninPakistanin2011

Bangladesh

•  8thlargestpopulaYonintheworldwithlioleterritory(156millionpeople)

•  PopulaYonisgrowingfasterthanthefoodsupply!– MalnutriYon–lackoffoodoranunbalanceddiet

•  TransportaYonofsuppliesisdonemostlywithboats– Difficulttoreachthoseinneed

Nepal•  MostlyHindu•  EncouragestourismtoMt.Everest&othermountains– Sherpas–skilledmountainclimbersthatactasguidesforadventurers

Bhutan

•  MostlyBuddhist•  AvoidstourisminanefforttopreserveitstradiYonalculture

SriLanka(means“MagnificentIsland”)

•  SpeakSinhalese–hasitsownalphabetà

•  Tropicalclimateforfarmerstoraiserice,coconuts,rubber,tea– DeforestaYonforfarmingdestroyedmostofitsrainforests