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Chapter 16Chapter 16
Central EuropeCentral Europe
Ch. 16 - sect. 1France
Ch. 16 - sect. 1France
Northern France Paris Basin - large region drained by the Seine Center -Paris Lille, France - industrial center north of Paris Southwestern France Warmer , dryer soil - perfect for
grapes Bordeaux - best wine producing city
Northern France Paris Basin - large region drained by the Seine Center -Paris Lille, France - industrial center north of Paris Southwestern France Warmer , dryer soil - perfect for
grapes Bordeaux - best wine producing city
Section 1 continuedSection 1 continued
Southcentral and Southeastern France Massif Central (middle) and Alps (west)
Rhone river lies between them Massif central - poor soil 1965 - tunnel through Mont Blanc into Italy
Southcentral and Southeastern France Massif Central (middle) and Alps (west)
Rhone river lies between them Massif central - poor soil 1965 - tunnel through Mont Blanc into Italy
France cont.France cont.
French Riviera - between the Alps and the Mediterranean sea, low - lying coastal area, popular tourist area
Port of Marseille - busiest in France Petroleum, wine, electronic goods, and chemicals
French Riviera - between the Alps and the Mediterranean sea, low - lying coastal area, popular tourist area
Port of Marseille - busiest in France Petroleum, wine, electronic goods, and chemicals
France - history and culture
France - history and culture
France was known as Gaul, Romans took over and ruled for 500 years
Franks came from Germany and conquered the region
Charlemagne - King of France and surrounding area The Holy Roman Empire (768 A.D.)
After Charlemagne’s death and the fall of the Empire nobles took power
Hugh Capet - Paris ruler that expanded the borders of France to what we know today (1589)
1789 - end of monarch rule in France
France was known as Gaul, Romans took over and ruled for 500 years
Franks came from Germany and conquered the region
Charlemagne - King of France and surrounding area The Holy Roman Empire (768 A.D.)
After Charlemagne’s death and the fall of the Empire nobles took power
Hugh Capet - Paris ruler that expanded the borders of France to what we know today (1589)
1789 - end of monarch rule in France
French cultureFrench culture
French - main language, but many dialects (variations for a language that are unique to the region)
Artists - Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir Impressionism - style of painting France Today Nationalized - brought under state control
France has done this for some businesses to spark the economy
French - main language, but many dialects (variations for a language that are unique to the region)
Artists - Claude Monet, Pierre Renoir Impressionism - style of painting France Today Nationalized - brought under state control
France has done this for some businesses to spark the economy
PicturesPictures
The Louve Arc de Triomph Renoir
Water Lilies by Monet
The Louve Arc de Triomph Renoir
Water Lilies by Monet
Germany 16-2Germany 16-2
Germany struggles for unity 1500 - 1600 Protestant Reformation - divided Germany
East Germany - known as Prussia led a movement to merge states into a Confederation - loose political union
1871 Germany defeats France in the Franco - Prussian war - New German Empire formed
Germany struggles for unity 1500 - 1600 Protestant Reformation - divided Germany
East Germany - known as Prussia led a movement to merge states into a Confederation - loose political union
1871 Germany defeats France in the Franco - Prussian war - New German Empire formed
GermanyGermany
WWI Germany was a part of the Triple Alliance - defeated in 1918
Treaty of Versailles - ended WWI, made Germany pay reparations, and Germany took the blame for the war
Inflation and eventual depression caused Adolf Hitler to come to power
WWII 1939 - 1945
WWI Germany was a part of the Triple Alliance - defeated in 1918
Treaty of Versailles - ended WWI, made Germany pay reparations, and Germany took the blame for the war
Inflation and eventual depression caused Adolf Hitler to come to power
WWII 1939 - 1945
One people, two countries
One people, two countries
After WWII Germany was divided into 4 parts - eventually became 2 (East and West)
Federal Republic of Germany (West) established in 1949
Oct. 3, 1990 - officially reunified East and West
North, Central and Southern Germany - see your region assignment
After WWII Germany was divided into 4 parts - eventually became 2 (East and West)
Federal Republic of Germany (West) established in 1949
Oct. 3, 1990 - officially reunified East and West
North, Central and Southern Germany - see your region assignment
Section 3 Benelux countries
Section 3 Benelux countries
Low countries - Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
Low, flat and just a little larger than W. Virginia
Population - 26 million (Canada’s pop.)
Netherlands Belgium
Luxembourg
Low countries - Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
Low, flat and just a little larger than W. Virginia
Population - 26 million (Canada’s pop.)
Netherlands Belgium
Luxembourg
NetherlandsNetherlands
1/5 of their land is reclaimed from the sea
1/3 of their land is below sea level Started with dikes - embankments of earth and rock, hold back water
Polder - reclaiming the land by pumping out the water into canals
Powered by windmills
1/5 of their land is reclaimed from the sea
1/3 of their land is below sea level Started with dikes - embankments of earth and rock, hold back water
Polder - reclaiming the land by pumping out the water into canals
Powered by windmills
Netherlands - cont.Netherlands - cont.
Randstad - The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Utretcht - 4 cities that make up an arc shaped metropolis - trying to keep their population in cities
Many key ports
Randstad - The Hague, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, and Utretcht - 4 cities that make up an arc shaped metropolis - trying to keep their population in cities
Many key ports
BelgiumBelgium
Diversity in their population - 30% French (Walloons) 55% Dutch (Flemish) - official language
Gained independence from Netherlands in 1830
LUXEMBOURG 998 sq. miles Lang - diverse French, German and Luxembourg Part of EC Economic activity - high tech. and service industries
Diversity in their population - 30% French (Walloons) 55% Dutch (Flemish) - official language
Gained independence from Netherlands in 1830
LUXEMBOURG 998 sq. miles Lang - diverse French, German and Luxembourg Part of EC Economic activity - high tech. and service industries
Sect. 4Sect. 4
Switzerland - Confederation Helvetica or Swiss Confederation
3 official languages - German (65%), French (18%) and Italian (7%)
26 cantons - states Executive branch - 7 member council with 1 elected “President” for 1 year
1291 - 3 Swiss Cantons fought the Austrian empire and won - Switzerland was formed
1798 - Swiss defeated Napoleon and it was the last time they took sides in a war - NEUTRAL
Switzerland - Confederation Helvetica or Swiss Confederation
3 official languages - German (65%), French (18%) and Italian (7%)
26 cantons - states Executive branch - 7 member council with 1 elected “President” for 1 year
1291 - 3 Swiss Cantons fought the Austrian empire and won - Switzerland was formed
1798 - Swiss defeated Napoleon and it was the last time they took sides in a war - NEUTRAL
Switzerland cont.Switzerland cont.
Economy - strong even though they have few resources
One Swiss Franc - .98 American dollar Dairy farming - most important ag. spring - in Mt. Fall - valley Famous for chocolate and cheese Technology - watches and microscopes tourism
Economy - strong even though they have few resources
One Swiss Franc - .98 American dollar Dairy farming - most important ag. spring - in Mt. Fall - valley Famous for chocolate and cheese Technology - watches and microscopes tourism
Switzerland - physicalSwitzerland - physical
Climate - marine west coast - temperate variations according to elevation
Mountains - Alps (south) Jura (N.W.)
Population 7 million Religion - catholic with large atheist population
Not in EU Joined UN in 2002
Climate - marine west coast - temperate variations according to elevation
Mountains - Alps (south) Jura (N.W.)
Population 7 million Religion - catholic with large atheist population
Not in EU Joined UN in 2002
AustriaAustria
Modern borders were formed after their defeat in WWI (Austria - Hungarian empire)
Alps - iron ore Machine tools - manufacturing Ag. - cattle breeding and dairy Vienna - smaller since 1918 Heavy influence from Germany (98% ) One Euro = 1.5 American $
Modern borders were formed after their defeat in WWI (Austria - Hungarian empire)
Alps - iron ore Machine tools - manufacturing Ag. - cattle breeding and dairy Vienna - smaller since 1918 Heavy influence from Germany (98% ) One Euro = 1.5 American $