Regions: France has strong national identity and historical
cultural. Northern France: Paris Basin, large flat, circular area
drained by the Seine and other rivers. Paris is in this region The
economic, political, and cultural capital of France Lille north of
Paris, important industrial center. Steel mills, textile factories
and chemical plants in this area provide many jobs.
Slide 3
Vineyards of the Southwest: Air is warmer and the soil drier
Wine is major production in this region Bordeaux is a busy seaport,
in southwestern France
Slide 4
Southern France: Mountainous areas Massif Central, and the
Alps. Landscape of the Massif Central is a mixture of older peaks
and new peaks starting to form. Alps: hindered movement between
France and Italy,. Engineers dug a highway tunnel through Mont
Blanc, borders France and Italy. Alps famous for their ski
resorts.
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Mediterranean: Thin strip of low-lying coastal land. Riviera,
tourist area Warm climate, famous beaches and swimming in the sea.
Cannes, Nice, Saint-Tropez Marseille- busiest seaport in France and
second most active in all of Western Europe.
Slide 6
Industry in the East: Rhine Valley Europes busiest waterway,
forms part of Frances border with Germany. Alsace (al zas) Lorraine
rich in resources Both have changed hands between France and
Germany. Lorrain largest iron ore deposits in France.
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Frances History: Gaul when the Romans conquered the region
Gaul's native people of the area. Influenced by the Romans, Latin
was their language and Christian religion. Franks came into the
region Franks gave France its name. Charlemagne, king of the Franks
Nobles controlled land in the kingdom 1789 a bloody revolution came
known as the French Revolution. Different forms of government/
republic, constitutional monarchy, empires under Napoleon. Germany
also controlled much of France during this time as well.
Slide 8
Language and Culture: Language and culture have united France.
French was only spoken in and around Paris Alsatian, German, Basque
and Breton are still spoken in parts of France. Dialect-variations
of a language that are unique to a region or community. French is
the national language.
Slide 9
Language and Culture: France has enormous pride in their
intellectual and artistic achievements. Rene Descarts, Jean-Paul
Sartre and Voltaire (famous French Painters) Leaders in the style
of Impressionism. made color, light, and shadows. Paris capital of
the cultural center.
Slide 10
France Today Formed new trade agreements French government
taken different approaches to stimulating its economy.
Nationalized- brought under state control some businesses
considered vital to national interests. 1900s France was in a deep
recession Over came that and is now doing well due to business
Slide 11
Divided German states: United Germanys defeats: One people, two
Countries: Mosaic of Regions: Plains, Rivers and cities: Rich
Resources and Industry: Scenic Southern Germany: Germany
Today:
Slide 12
Germanys struggle for Unity: 1961 Germany was divided. East
Germany and West Germany. Berlin Wall created a physical boundary
between two different political regions. History: Germany was part
of Charlemagnes great Holy Roman Empire. Germany broke into small
states. 1500s Protestant Reformation divided the German states
1700s Prussia led a movement to merge many German states into a
single confederation. Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 German states
remained independent and agreed to join the new German Empire
Slide 13
1882 Germany joined with Austria- Hungary and Italy to form a
military alliance ( Triple Alliance. 1914-1918, Germany,
Austria-Hungary fought against France, Russia and the United
Kingdom in World War 1 Germany lost and had to pay a fee of
reparations- money for war damages.
Slide 14
Germany economy falls in 1920 due to inflation- sharply rising
prices, ruined the value of Germanys currency. 1929 the depression
hits the world. 1930s Hitler promise to restore Germany Blamed the
Jews and other people whom he considered to be racially inferior
for all of Germany's problems. 1939- Germany invaded Poland WW
II
Slide 15
Millions of Jews, Poles, Gypsies and Slavs were killed.
Slide 16
Regions: Northern Germany is covered by the North German Plain.
Flat, sandy plains spread out until they reach the North and Baltic
seas. Manufacturing and trade are also important economic activates
in this region. Industry& Rich Resources: Rhine and Elbe
Rivers, flow through the central parts of Germany.
Slide 17
Industry& Rich Resources: Germany is one of the most
important industrial centers in the world. Ruhr valley became
Germanys first industrial center. Most of Germany's iron and steel
come from here. Eastern part of central Germany is another large
industrial region Lignite- soft, brown coal, easy to mine but it
pollutes the air heavily.
Slide 18
Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg Belgium and the Netherlands
are the most densely populated countries in Europe. Land Romans
conquered the area they constructed dikes- or embankments of earth
and rock to hold back the water. 1200s Dutch used windmills to
power the pumps of the polder. Polder- land reclaimed form the
sea.
Slide 19
Land Half of the land is used for agriculture (crops or
pastures) Rotterdam and Amsterdam are both important ports
Rotterdam serves as a link between much of Europe and the rest of
the world.
Slide 20
People 30 % of all Belgians speak French and call themselves
Walloons 55 % speak Flemish (dialect of Dutch) Belgium gained
independence from the Netherlands in 1830 tension grew between the
two Most leaders spoke French and all universities used French as
their language. The Flemish wanted same rights as the Walloons, in
recent years the Belgian Parliament passed laws to decentralize its
government.
Slide 21
Luxembourg Only 990 square miles, smaller than the state of
Rhode Island. Close culture ties to Germany, France and Belgium.
Three languages spoken: French, German and a German dialect called
Luxembourgish. One of the highest of standard of livings in Europe.
High-tech firms and service industries Member of the EU and trades
most of its goods and services with other EU members.
Slide 22
Switzerland: Three official languages, French, German, and
Italian. Some people speak a dialect called Romansch. 64% of
population speak German and 19 % speak French. Swiss has different
Ethnic groups (German speaking Swiss call Switzerland Schweiz
(SHVYTS) Suisse (SWEES) is the name used for French speaking
citizens and Italian speaking citizens call their country Svizzera
( SVEE TAY RAH) )
Slide 23
Switzerland: Swiss Confederation Confederation- is a loose
organization of states united for their common good.
Slide 24
Switzerland: Formed in 1291 when leaders of three cantons-
states, formed the Swiss Confederation to fight an Austrian
emperor.