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Economic Indicators and GDP
Chapter 12 Section 1
National Income Accounting◦ Look at production, income, investment, and
savings◦ Department of Commerce
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Defining GDP The dollar value of all final goods and services
produced within a country’s borders in a given year◦ Dollar value – total cash value ◦ Final Goods and Services – no intermediate goods◦ Produced within a country’s borders◦ In a given year – excludes resells (ex: cars)
GDP
Expenditure Approach◦ Consumer g&s
Durable and nondurable goods
◦ business g&s◦ government g&s◦ net exports
Exports - imports
GDP
Income Approach◦ Add up all the incomes
in the economy minus the dollar value for the goods and services purchased from other firms (material costs)
◦ In theory, Income and Expenditure Approach should give you the same total
GDP
Nominal GDP◦ GDP calculated in current prices
Real GDP◦ GDP expressed in constant, or unchanging, prices◦ Use a base year of prices to compare things,
giving a more accurate depiction of the economy◦ Changes in price should not affect GDP
Nominal vs. Real GDP
Nonmarket Activities The Underground Economy Negative Externalities Quality of Life
◦ More stuff = better life????
Limitations of GDP
Gross National Product (GNP)◦ Annual income earned by a nation’s firms and citizens◦ Does not account for depreciation of capital
equipment Net National Product (NNP)
◦ GNP – cost of depreciation National Income (NI) Personal Income (PI)
◦ NI – reinvested profits, income taxes, SS taxes Disposable Personal Income (DPI)
◦ Money you have to spend after taxes
Other Output and Income Measures
Aggregate Supply◦ Supply curve for the entire economy◦ Compare Real GDP (x-axis) and price level (y-axis)
Price level – the average of all prices in the economy Aggregate Demand
◦ The amount of goods and services in the economy that will be purchased at all possible price levels
Influences on GDP
Aggregate Supply and Demand