Chapter 11Chapter 11

Meso-Americ

aS.A.

Food Productio

n

Socio-political

OrganizationReligion Technology Sacrifice

Archaic7000 B.C..

2500 B.C.E

Hunt &

Gather

Small Groups Family

Animal gods

Hunting tools&No weaving&Simple

Pottery

Little Sacrifice

PreClassic2500 B.C.E1

00 B.C.E

Olmecs Chavin First Farmers

Religious Social Class

&Buildings

Fertility gods

Basic Building&

Farming Tools

Little Sacrifice

Classical100 B.C.E.

1000 C.E.

Mayan&

Teotihuacan

Moche&

Tiwanaku&

Wari

Advanced Farming

Elaborated Cities &

Social Class

Nature Fertility &

Academic gods

Advanced Building&

Farming

Sacrifice of Elite-

Slavery for

Commoners

Post-Classic

al1000 C.E. –

1492 C.E.

Toltec&

AztecInca

OverpopulatedWar/Empire

Military Conques

t&

State Kings

War godsLarge Urban

CenterLots of

Sacrifice

Classical Mesoamerica Part IClassical Mesoamerica Part I

TeotihuacanTeotihuacan Large cityLarge city Socially stratified living areas Socially stratified living areas Temples-human sacrifice Temples-human sacrifice Chinampas Chinampas Focus on trade rather than conquestFocus on trade rather than conquest Ruled by trade-families Ruled by trade-families

Classical Mesoamerica Part II: The Classical Mesoamerica Part II: The Maya Maya

Culturally unified but politically divided into Culturally unified but politically divided into city states city states

Large scale building programs Large scale building programs Terrace farming, irrigation, and draining Terrace farming, irrigation, and draining

swamps swamps Conquest was for people not landConquest was for people not land

Slaves or sacrifice Slaves or sacrifice Elite women were significant in religion Elite women were significant in religion Blood letting Blood letting Calendar, math, and writing Calendar, math, and writing Mysteriously disappeared Mysteriously disappeared

The MayansThe Mayans

-Polythiestic-Polythiestic

-Maya culture influenced by Olmec civilization -Maya culture influenced by Olmec civilization

-Maya build spectacular cities -Maya build spectacular cities

-Cities, like Tikal, have pyramids, temples, -Cities, like Tikal, have pyramids, temples, palaces, stone carvings palaces, stone carvings

-Played ritual ball game-Played ritual ball game

-Practiced human sacrifice and blood letting-Practiced human sacrifice and blood letting

-Maya believe in many gods, who could be -Maya believe in many gods, who could be good, evil, or both good, evil, or both

-Advances in calendar, math, astronomy -Advances in calendar, math, astronomy

-Writing system has 800 glyphs—symbols -Writing system has 800 glyphs—symbols

Teotihuacán Teotihuacán

Dominated by religious structures, Dominated by religious structures, including pyramids and temples where including pyramids and temples where human sacrifice was carried outhuman sacrifice was carried out

Agricultural innovations including irrigation Agricultural innovations including irrigation works and chinampas works and chinampas

Pottery and obsidian tools and weapons Pottery and obsidian tools and weapons

Post Classical Mesoamerica Part IPost Classical Mesoamerica Part I

The ToltecsThe Toltecs Culture based on Teotihuacan Culture based on Teotihuacan Made advancement in WarMade advancement in War Conquest state Conquest state TulaTula Duel kings Duel kings

Post Classical Mesoamerica Part IIPost Classical Mesoamerica Part II The AztecsThe Aztecs

Lake TexcocoLake Texcoco Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco around 1325Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco around 1325 Conquest state Conquest state Huge social and political stratification Huge social and political stratification Large agricultural advancements but still need Large agricultural advancements but still need

food from conquered people food from conquered people Very basic technologyVery basic technology Large amounts of human sacrifice Large amounts of human sacrifice

Classical Andean Civilization Part IClassical Andean Civilization Part I Moche Moche

Used the mit’aUsed the mit’a clan (ayllu). clan (ayllu). Theocracy Theocracy Men hunted and warMen hunted and war Women cared for crops and homeWomen cared for crops and home Elite lived in elaborate palaces Elite lived in elaborate palaces Workers supplied labor Workers supplied labor Skilled artist Skilled artist

Textiles, vases, metallurgy Textiles, vases, metallurgy

ChimúChimú Trade based empire Trade based empire Elaborate burialsElaborate burials Elites had incredible luxury Elites had incredible luxury

Classical Andean Civilization Part IIClassical Andean Civilization Part II Tiwanaku Tiwanaku

Increased food productionIncreased food production Large urban construction Large urban construction Pyramids Pyramids Socially stratified Socially stratified Elaborate arts and crafts Elaborate arts and crafts

WariWari More militaristic More militaristic Less planned out cities Less planned out cities Less wealthy and advancements Less wealthy and advancements

MocheMoche

used the mit’a labor system to construct an used the mit’a labor system to construct an extensive irrigated agriculture extensive irrigated agriculture

Elite lived in platforms and decorated Elite lived in platforms and decorated themselves with magnificent clothing, jewelry, themselves with magnificent clothing, jewelry, and tall headdresses. and tall headdresses.

Moche artisans were skilled in the production of Moche artisans were skilled in the production of textiles, portrait vases, and metallurgy. textiles, portrait vases, and metallurgy.

Gold and silver were used for decorative Gold and silver were used for decorative purposes, copper and copper alloy for farm tools purposes, copper and copper alloy for farm tools and weapons. and weapons.

Chimu Chimu

Leaders had many luxury goods and Leaders had many luxury goods and elaborate burial compounds.elaborate burial compounds.

TiwanakuTiwanaku

Cultivated potatoes and grains on raised fields Cultivated potatoes and grains on raised fields reclaimed from marshland. reclaimed from marshland.

Tiwanaku’s urban construction included a large Tiwanaku’s urban construction included a large terraced pyramid, walled enclosures, and a terraced pyramid, walled enclosures, and a reservoir. reservoir.

Construction was done with large stones Construction was done with large stones quarried, moved, and laid by thousands of quarried, moved, and laid by thousands of laborers working with simple technology and laborers working with simple technology and copper alloy tools. copper alloy tools.

Tiwanaku society was highly stratified, ruled by a Tiwanaku society was highly stratified, ruled by a hereditary elite, and included specialized hereditary elite, and included specialized artisans. artisans.

WariWari

Elaborate cities with much less centralized Elaborate cities with much less centralized planning that Tiwanakuplanning that Tiwanaku

Post Classic Andean CivilizationPost Classic Andean Civilization The IncaThe Inca

Strong professional military Strong professional military Conquered trade routes and landConquered trade routes and land Used the Mit’a Used the Mit’a Left local rulers in power but held their Left local rulers in power but held their

children hostage children hostage Cuzco was incredibly elaborate and Cuzco was incredibly elaborate and

decorative decorative Large amounts of sacrifice Large amounts of sacrifice

Animals, objects, and peopleAnimals, objects, and people

Astronomy, metallurgy, weavingAstronomy, metallurgy, weaving

Southwestern Desert CulturesSouthwestern Desert Cultures

Anasazi developed Anasazi developed Used irrigation to farm in deserts Used irrigation to farm in deserts Used mud to build along mountains Used mud to build along mountains Often build underground Often build underground

Mound Builders: The Adena, Hopewell, Mound Builders: The Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian Culturesand Mississippian Cultures

AdenaAdena The HopewellThe Hopewell

Ohio Valley Ohio Valley Hunting and gathering and supplemented by Hunting and gathering and supplemented by

agriculture.agriculture. Built large earthen mounds Built large earthen mounds

CahokiaCahokia Cultural influenced by HopewellCultural influenced by Hopewell Mississippi Mississippi

TeotihuacanTeotihuacan ToltecsToltecs