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Ancient Greece
Walkabout
Time Line• Greek Culture from 1000
B.C.E. to 336 B.C.E.
• Hellenistic Period: 336 B.C.E. – 150 B.C.E.
Geography• Greece is situated on the Balkans
Peninsula
• Surrounded by Seas and covered in Mountains each local city
developed their own culture and traditions.
City-States • Each individual Greek City created
their own culture and political structure
• Each was separated from the others and geographically isolated
• Each City-State controlled the area around it and supported itself off of
the farms wealth that the land provided.
City-State Political Structures
• Each City-State had their own political organization.
• Some were a Monarchy: Controlled by a King
• Some were an Aristocracy: Controlled by a small group of Nobles who
owned a lot of land
City-State Political Structures
• Others were an Oligarchy: Ruled by a few powerful people. Usually
merchants.
• Some were ruled by Tyrants: a person who had seized power for themselves.
• Some were Direct Democracies: Ruled by the Citizens who Voted.
City-State Politics • Citizens – entitled to certain basic
rights.
o Citizenship was restricted to Free Adult Males
• Non-Citizens – farmed and served. Could never become Citizens.
City-State: Athens• Most Famous Direct Democracy
• Focused on Culture: • Drama• History • Math• Science
City-State: Athens • Architecture – Built the Parthenon:
Huge Temple to the Gods
• Drama: Tragedy & Comedy – two main story types.
• History: Herodotus was the first Historian
City-State Athens• Euclid & Pythagoras – Made great discoveries in Geometry. (Pythagorean
Theorem)
• Math – closely calculated Earth’s true size & circumference
• Math - Early Ideas about Latitude and Longitude.
City-State: Sparta• Military Focused: Warrior Culture. Put
Sparta First
• Focused on rigorous training for men. • From age 7 – 30
• Spartan Women: Trained too. Known for their strength
Persian War• Persia attempted to conquer the
Greek peninsula
• Persian Invasion united most of the City-States to fight against it
• Battle of Thermopylae: The famous 300 Spartans stood against the
Persian Army
Persian War • The Greeks won the war after many
battles.
• Ushered in a “Golden Age” for Athens
• Great Wealth and a flowering of Culture
Peloponnesian War• War between Sparta & Athens
• Sparta eventually won the war and ended Athens’ domination of the
Greek peninsula
Greek Philosophers • Philosopher: Means Lover of
Wisdom
• Socrates: 470-399 B.C.E.
• Plato: 427-347 B.C.E.
• Aristotle: 384-322 B.C.E.
Greek Philosophers• Socrates: Sought Knowledge and
Encouraged citizens to examine their lives
• Plato: Author of “The Republic” a treatise on Govt. that influenced western
thought for nearly 1,500 years
• Aristotle: Focused on Logic. Credited with inventing the Scientific Method.
Alexander the Great• Alexander’s Father Philip of Macedon
conquered the Greek City-States
• Philip was assassinated and his son Alexander took the throne at the age
of 20.
Alexander the Great• Alexander consolidated his power in
Greece and then invaded Persia
• Alexander defeated Persia in battle after battle and soon controlled the
entire Persian Empire.
• He founded Alexandria in Egypt when he conquered that territory.
Alexander the Great• After he conquered Persia Alexander
turned toward the Indus Valley (modern day India)
• His troops were tired and threatened to turn around.
• Alexander turned around and returned to Babylon.
Alexander the Great• He died in Babylon shortly after
turning around. He had only ruled for 12 years.
• He was just 32. He had already created one of the largest Empires ever.
• His Generals fought over the land and divided it up amongst themselves.
Hellenism• Alexander’s Conquests spread and fused Greek culture with Persian.
• This mix of cultures came to be known as Hellenism.
• His Generals built new cities and ruled over them, preserving and spreading
Hellenistic Culture for years.
Hellenism• The Hellenistic culture encouraged
Astronomy, Math, and Physics.
• They calculated Pi, Geometric Proofs, and invented advanced technology