Chapter 11-1863 Notes (2010 Version)

7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1863 Notes (2010 Version)

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The Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln issued thisdecree on September 22, 1862shortly after the Battle of Antietam

Effective date was January 1, 1863Freed all slaves in those parts of

the nation still in rebellion

Considered a propaganda move toget support for the war fromabolitionists


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Battle of Murfreesboro-Dec. 31, 1862- Jan. 2, 1863

Confederate General Braxton Bragg vs.Union General William Rosecrans

Intense fighting lasted several days

before Bragg withdrew from thebattlefieldRosecrans declares victoryUnion morale is lifted

Importance- allows for an easier baseof attack on the deep South (Georgia)


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The Battle of Vicksburg-May-July, 1863

From mid-October, 1862, Grant hadunsuccessfully attempted to take thelast Confederate stronghold along the

Mississippi River- Vicksburg,Mississippi

Naval support came from Rear AdmiralDavid Porter, whose fleet had to sailpast heavy artillery fire to be able toferry Grants troops across the river


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The Battle of Vicksburg-May-July, 1863

Grant laid siege to the city withartillery for weeks until Confederatetroops began to die from starvation

and sickness Confederate Lt. General John

Pemberton surrendered on July 3,1863

Significance- Mississippi River wasnow completely in the hands of theUnion


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Fightin Joe Hooker Takes Charge

Union General JosephHooker replaced GeneralA.E. Burnside after thehumiliating Union loss atFredericksburg

Hooker had great skill inreconstructing units andrestoring morale among the

Union troops

Union strength underHooker reached 134,000


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The Battle of Chancellorsville-May, 1863 Union Generals Joseph Hooker and John

Sedgwick agreed to a flanking maneuver on

Lees army at Chancellorsville

Lee and Jackson counter-flanked and leftthemselves vulnerable to surrender

No reserve troops were left as all were thrown intothe battle on two separate battle lines

The Confederates were able to push back theUnion attack and soundly defeat GeneralHooker


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The Battle of Chancellorsville-May, 1863

Jackson is mistakenly shot and killed byone of his own sentries during theaftermath of the battle

Lee loses his right-hand man Brilliant success for Lee, but very costly 17,278 casualties including his greatest

military tactician and leader- Stonewall

Jackson

Lee had no choice but to attack into theNorth once again


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The Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863

Lee decides to push into the North in orderto make a run at Washington, D.C.

Lee encounters Union General GeorgeMeade at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Lees army could not outflank the Unionforces stretched out along the southern sideof the town (no Jackson to oversee thistactic) as the Union forces occupied the high

ground there JEB Stuart was nowhere to be found

(foraging for supplies nearby) and by thetime he showed up Lee was out of options


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Picketts Charge

Lee ordered General George Pickett to takehis troops directly up the middle of the battlelines in an all-out advance up the hill

Picketts Charge lasted two hours asConfederate troops tried to advance up thehill against 80 cannon and thousands ofmuskets

Picketts troops were cut to pieces and lost5,600 troops

Decisive moment of the 3-day battle as theSouth retreated from the battlefield


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The Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863

Combined casualties numberedapproximately 50,000

Significance-

Considered the turning point of theAmerican Civil War in favor of theUnion

The South would see no significantvictories from this point forward


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The New York Draft Riots-July, 1863

Lincoln issued the Enrollment Act ofConscription on March 3, 1863Established a draft

Democrats openly opposed the idea todraft soldiers in an already long, drawnout 2-year war

Commutation Fee could be afforded

by the wealthier citizensPermitted them to buy their way out of the

war


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The New York Draft Riots-July, 1863

The recently-immigrated Irish were themost violently opposed to the draft Felt like their lot in life was similar to the

slaves in the South

Three days of terror resulted in lootedstores, burned buildings, and lynchedblack citizens

Lincoln called in the army to quell theriot Only 150,000 troops were raised


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The Battle of Chickamauga-September, 1863

Round Two for Braxton Braggand William Rosecrans

Braxton Bragg went on theoffensive to stop Unionadvancement into the DeepSouth

Rosecrans retreated toChattanooga, Tennessee


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The Battle of Chattanooga-September-November, 1863

Braxton Bragg chased down and cutoff Rosecranss supplies while theUnion Army retreated to Chattanooga

The Confederates laid siege to Union-held Chattanooga General Rosecrans was relieved of his

command by President Lincoln and

Ulysses Grant was placed in charge ofRosecranss troops at Chattanooga


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The Battle of Chattanooga-September-November, 1863

Grant succeeded in defeatingBragg and opened up the heart of

the Deep South to Union assaultsThe Battle of Chattanooga saw

Braxton Bragg relieved of his

command and the beginning of theend for the Confederate Army

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Chapter 11-1863 Notes (2010 Version)