Chapter 10

The Eastern HemisphereA.D. 1000-1500

The EastFrom 1000 to 1500, connections

between Africa, Asia, and Europe increased dramatically

Though they had different cultures, all three continents were linked by a complex pattern of trade routes

Brainteaser:5-19-161. What was accepted by Ancient Civilizations

based on their Rigid Class Structure?2. What were the first two written law codes in

Ancient Civilizations?3. What kind of metals were used for tools and

weapons?4. Who increased trade by the rivers and sea?5. How did you become a King or Pharaoh in

Ancient Civilizations?

1. Slavery2. Ten Commandments and Code of

Hammurabi3. Bronze and Iron4. Phoenicians5. It was Hereditary

Major Trade RoutesThree major trade routes connected the

continents during this era: The Silk Road The Indian Ocean trade network The Trans-Saharan caravan route

The Silk RoadThe Silk routes across Asia to the

Mediterranean basin It was used heavily by 100 B.C., and

continued to carry trade up to the 17th Century

Indian Ocean Trade Network

Although many Asian goods traveled along the Silk Road, just as many traveled by sea. Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean

Ships linked the coastal areas of East Africa, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, SE Asia, and China

The Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes

By 2500 B.C. the Saharan region had begun to dry up, becoming a major obstacle for travelers

Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa

Caravan routes had been established to navigate the Sahara by 1000 A.D. Salt from the Saharan region was traded

for gold from the Niger River Basin

The Mediterranean Trade Network

The Mediterranean Sea connected Europe to the other trade networks

Europe became connected to the Byzantine and Muslim Empires Through those empires, Europe was

connected with Russia, India, and China

The Mediterranean Trade Network

Mediterranean trade was dominated by Italian merchants These merchants helped to bring

knowledge and learning back to Europe, beginning a period called the Renaissance

Other Trade NetworksNorthern and Western Europe were

connected to the other trade routes thanks to the Black Sea

Rivers and seas were the usual method of trade in Western Europe

The lands of SE Asia were connected to China through the South China Sea

Warm-up 5-20-161. Greek Mythology is based on what?2. Greek Mythology is often explanations

on what?3. Name the six Greek gods and what are

they known for?4. Why do we know so much about Greek

Mythology today?5. Name the four stages of Athenian

Government?

Polytheistic ReligionNatural Phenomena, Human Qualities and life

eventsZeus=Sky, Hera=Marriage, Apollo=sun,

Artemis=Hunt, Athena=Wisdom and Aphrodite=Beauty

Literature, Art and Architecture symbols and images

Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny and Democracy

Continental InteractionBy 1000 A.D., the Eastern Hemisphere

was highly connected thanks to trade The three continents shared goods, ideas,

technology, and religionsTrade had increased for two reasons:

Improved transportation Peace and stability

Continental InteractionAsia was very peaceful and stable

during this period because of the power of two empires: The Chinese Empire The Abbasid Empire

Continental InteractionAlthough the continents traded a wide

variety of goods, major products included: Gold from W. Africa Spices from India and Indian ocean region Porcelain from China and Persia Textiles from India, China, the Mid-East,

and later Europe Amber from the Baltic region

Continental InteractionTrade encouraged the spread of

technology: Crops began to be traded: wheat, rice,

and especially sugar cane came from India Waterwheels and windmills came from the

middle east

Continental Interaction Paper and Compass from China through the

Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe Improved navigational charts, and lateen

sail came from the Indian Ocean Region

Continental InteractionReligions spread over the centuries:

Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan Hinduism and Buddhism from India to

Southeast Asia Islam from the Mideast to West Africa,

Central and Southeast Asia

Cultural Interaction Spread of religions across the hemisphereBuddhism from China to Korea and JapanHinduism and Buddhism from India to

Southeast AsiaIslam into West Africa, Central and Southeast

AsiaPrinting and paper money from China

Continental InteractionSome interactions had negative effects:

Disease traveled along trade routes In 1347 A.D. the bubonic plague, better

known as the Black Death, reached Europe and killed millions

The Black Death came from ports along the Black Sea, carried by Italian merchant ships

Continental InteractionAnother negative interaction was the

beginning of the African slave trade Africans were traded for goods in W. Africa

and moved along the Saharan caravan routes

In 1441, the Portuguese arrived on the Atlantic coast, beginning the slave trade that resulted in millions of Africans being sent to the Americas

Warm-up 5-23-161. What helped expanded trade during Pax

Romana?2. What guaranteed safe travel and trade?3. Pax Romana increased emphasis on who?4. Innocent until proven guilty was a developed

uniform rule of law during what?5. What is Pax Romana?

1. Established uniform system of money

2. Roman Roads3. Family4. Pax Romana5. Two centuries of Peace and Prosperity

under imperial rule

Early JapanJapan is off the Asian coast, east of

China, separated by the Sea of Japan It is in close proximity to China and Korea

Japan is a mountainous archipelago (group of islands), with 4 main islands

Brainteaser: 5-13-141. What Trade route used maritime routes

around the Indian Ocean?2. What trade route connected other trade

routes to the Black Sea?3. Watermills and Windmills came from where?4. Hinduism and Buddhism spread from India

to where?5. Islamic capital of Baghdad fell to what group

of People?

1. Indian Ocean Trade Network2. Northern and Western European Trade

route3. Middle East4. Southeast Asia5. The Mongols

Early JapanJapan adopted many ideas from China,

and changed them to make them uniquely Japanese: Pictographic writing Architecture Confucianism and Buddhism

Early JapanChinese influences merged with

Japanese traditions to mold Japan’s culture Buddhism became Japan’s state religion in

594 Buddhism coexisted with Japan’s ancient

religion: Shinto

ShintoShinto is unique to Japan and was the

early state religion and coexistence with Buddhism It was often associated with the Imperial

family and worshipped the emperorThe religion has no holy book, but

emphasizes ritual cleanliness and many ceremonies in daily life

ShintoImportant aspects of Shinto include:

Shrines at natural geographic locations Worshipping forces of nature Loyalty to family and praying to ancestors

Warm-up 1. Where is Japan located?2. What is Shinto?3. Islam moved to what areas?4. Who painted to Mona Lisa and the Last

Supper?5. What invention allowed books to be

distributed more quickly?

off the Asian coast, east of China, separated by the Sea of Japan It is in close proximity to China and Korea

early state religion and coexistence with Buddhism, no holy book, but emphasizes ritual cleanliness and many ceremonies in daily life

West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia Leonardo Di Vinci Moveable type printing press

AxumAxum became a Christian kingdom after

324 A.D, when missionaries came to their ports

Location relative to the Ethiopian Highlands and the Nile River

The Axumites were known for their stelae: large, decorated stone columns built to mark royal tombs

ZimbabweIn 1300 A.D., the nation of Zimbabwe

had developed in southern Africa Zimbabwe had developed along the

Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers The nation centered around their capital of

Great ZimbabweThe people of Zimbabwe were efficient

farmers and raised vast herds of cattle

West African Kingdoms By 800 A.D., kingdoms had grown to dominate trade

in West Africa They all developed south of the Sahara, in close

proximity to the Niger River Three major kingdoms developed one after the other:

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Importance of gold and salt to trans-saharan trade City of Timbuktu as center of trade and learning Roles of animism and Islam

mapEthiopian highlands, Nile River,

Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, Ghana, Mali and Songhai, Niger River, Sahara Desert, Japan, Sea of Japan, China and Korea, Zimbabwe and Axum

GhanaGhana grew prosperous from the gold

and salt trade in West Africa Salt was necessary for flavoring and

preserving foods This trade was taxed by the king of Ghana,

who was also a religious and military leader

GhanaFrom 800-1000, local chiefs maintained

authority by paying taxes to the KingIn the 11th Century, Muslim armies from

North Africa invaded and had conquered Ghana by 1076

MaliThe empire of Mali was established by

1200 A.D., where Ghana had beenMali was expanded by their great king,

Mansa Musa He governed efficiently through provincial

governors Numerous mosques were built under his

rule

Mali Timbuktu became the most important

city of the empire It was the home of many Muslim doctors,

scholars, and merchants The city became a center of learning and

tradeThe city was lost to nomadic warriors in

1433

SonghaiBy 1500 Mali had fallen and been

replaced by the kingdom of SonghaiThe Muslim leader Sonni Ali recaptured

Timbuktu and built the new kingdom His new kingdom was more centralized

SonghaiKings of Songhai replaced traditional

provincial rulers with royal appointeesTaxes, trade, and gold made Songhai a

wealthy kingdom, like Ghana and Mali

Next Chapter….The Western Hemisphere