Chapter 10

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ Score __ /__ ____ WORKSHEET 10.1 The importance of having a transport system in some multicellular organisms Fill in the blank. CHAPTER 10 : TRANSPORT

Chapter 10 Transport

1. The distribution of ______and ______ throughout the body and the removal of _________ is performed by a transport system. 2. In _______ organisms, oxygen can reach the centre of the cell easily through a process called diffusion. 3. Unicellular organisms can obtain their cellular requirements because of their large ____________________ __________ ratio. [ 7 marks ] 4. The larger the size of an animal the ____________ the total surface area to volume ratio. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

________________ ____________ __________

Comparison between blood and haemolymph Blood a) transports __________ from the lungs to the cells throughout the body and _____________ from the cells to the lungs. b) transports__________, _________ and __________ throughout the body. c) transports ________ __________ away from the cells to the excretory organs. Haemolymph

Transports___________, the _________________.

_________

and___________________ throughout

[ 20 marks ]_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

10.1/1

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


WORKSHEET 10.1 The importance of having a transport system in some multicellular organisms The importance of having a transport system in some multicellular organisms 1. The distribution of food and oxygen throughout the body and the removal of waste material is performed by a transport system. 2. In unicellular organisms, oxygen can reach the centre of the cell easily through a process called diffusion. 3. Unicellular organisms can obtain their cellular requirements because of their large total surface area to volume ratio. 4. The larger the size of an animal the smaller the total surface area to volume ratio. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

connective organ component Arteries, veins plasma capillaries

Comparison between blood and haemolymph Blood a) transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells throughout the body and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. b) transports nutrients, hormone and antibodies throughout the body. c) transports waste product away from the cells to the excretory organs.JA BIOLOGY 2009

Haemolymph Transports water, inorganic salts and organic compounds throughout the haemocoel.

_________________________________________________________________________________________WAYLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


WORKSHEET 10.2 The Circulatory System The composition of human blood HUMAN BLOOD

Score __ /__ 10.1/2____

Plasma (55%)

Cellular components (45%)

Fibrin and Clotting factor

Granulocytes

Monocytes

Basophil s

[ 8 marks ]

BLOOD VESSELS

_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

[ 5 marks ]

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


The differences between an artery and a vein Artery Aspect Blood content Wall Valve Lumen Blood pressure [ 10 marks ] HUMAN HEART Label the heart structures and draw arrows to show the blood flow. Vein 10.2/1

[ 8 marks ]


10.2/2

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.2 The Circulatory System


HUMAN BLOOD

Plasma (55%)

Cellular components (45%)

Serum

Fibrin and Clotting factor

Erythrocytes

Leucocytes

Platelets

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

neutrophils Basophil s BLOOD VESSELS

Eosinophil s

Lymphocyte s

Monocyte s


10.2/3

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ The differences between an artery and a vein Artery Carries oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery Thick wall No valves Small High Aspect Blood Content Wall Valve Size of lumen Blood pressure vein


Carries deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein Thin wall Have valves Large Low

HUMAN HEART

Label the heart structures and draw arrows to show the blood flow.

Pulmonary artery

aorta

Vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Right atrium

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

WORKSHEET 10.3 Circulatory System in HumanJA BIOLOGY 2009

Score __ /__ ____YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

_________________________________________________________________________________________WA

10.2/4

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ Label the organs and draw arrows to show the blood flows in systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.


[ 7 marks ] Fill in the spaces below to compare the circulatory systems in fish, humans and amphibians._________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009

10.3/1 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


Aspect Circulatory system Number of heart chambers Blood pressure in vessels Blood flow in vessels

Fish

Humans

Amphibians

Diagram (draw)

[ 15 marks ]

ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.3 Circulatory System in HumanJA BIOLOGY 2009

_________________________________________________________________________________________WAYLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

10.3/2

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ Label the organs and draw arrows to show the blood flows in systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.


AspectJA BIOLOGY 2009

Fish

Humans

AmphibiansYLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

_________________________________________________________________________________________WA

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


Circulatory system Number of heart chambers Blood pressure in vessels Blood flow in vessels

Single Two

Complete double Four

Incomplete double Three

Low

High

High

Slow

Fast

Fast

Diagram (draw)

Blood vessels damaged

produce

WORKSHEET 10.4 The mechanism of blood clotting Complete the graphic organiser below to show how blood clots. convert

Platelets clump at the wound

Calcium ions Score __ /__ ____ 10.3/4


catalyses Fibrin

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


[ 5 marks ] Similarities The Lymphatic System Watery liquid Transport gases, nutrients and waste products Comparison between blood plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph by the graphic organiser below. Blood plasma Interstitial fluid Lymph

Differences Inside the lymphatic vessels Erythrocytes , leucocytes and platelets vessels Blood presentdamaged

Thromboplastin produce lipid content Low

ANSWERS

Platelets clump at the wound

[ 6 marks ] Vitamin K convert Calcium ions 10.4/1 ThrombinYLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Worksheet 10.4 The mechanism of blood clotting ProthrombinJA BIOLOGY 2009

_________________________________________________________________________________________WA

catalyses Fibrinogen Fibrin

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


Similarities Watery liquid The Lymphatic System Transport gases, nutrients and waste products Comparison between blood plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph Blood plasma Interstitial fluid Lymph

Differences Inside blood vessels Erythrocytes , leucocytes and platelets present Low lipid content In the intercellular spaces Only leucocytes present Low lipid content Inside the lymphatic vessels Only leucocytes present High lipid content

WORKSHEET 10.5 The Lymphatic System 1. Match the structure of the lymphatic system with its description. Structure

Score __ /__ ____ 10.4/2 Description


Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ Lymph nodes Lymph capillary Lymphatic vessel Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Lymph Consists of one way valves to ensure a continuous flow of fluid Transparent yellowish fluid Receives lymph from the right side of the head, neck and arm Blind ended tube which is located in the spaces between the cells Located mainly at the neck, armpits and the groin, produce and store lymphocytes Receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck and chest, left upper limb and the entire body below the ribs.


[ 6 marks ] The role of the circulatory system in the bodys defence mechanism. 2. State the type of defence mechanism of the body in each of the following.

a)

Sweat

b)

Antibody

c)

Skin

d)

Mucous membrane

e) f)

Neutrophils Phagocytic white blood cells [ 6 marks ]

ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.5 The Lymphatic System 10.5/1 Match the structure of the lymphatic system with its description._________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ Structure Lymph nodes Lymph capillary Lymphatic vessel Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct Lymph Description Consists of one way valves to ensure a continuous flow of fluid Transparent yellowish fluid Receives lymph from the right side of the head, neck and arm Blind ended tube which is located in the spaces between the cells Located mainly at the neck, armpits and the groin, produces and stores lymphocytes Receives lymph from the left of the head, neck and chest, left upper limb and the entire body below the ribs.


The role of the circulatory system in the bodys defence mechanism

a)

Sweat

First line of defence

b)

Antibody

Third line of defence

c)

Skin Mucus mmmmmmmmem embrane Neutrophils Phagocytic white blood cells

First line of defence

First line of defence Second line of defence Second line of defence

d)

e)

f)

Score __ /__ ____ 1. Complete the graphic organiser below to show the various types of immunity WORKSHEET 10.6 Types of Immunity 10.5/2 Types of immunity_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


[ 6 marks ] 2. Fill in the blanks to show the differences between active immunity and passive immunity Artificially acquired Active immunity ___________ containing dead or weakened pathogen. Before a person is infected with a disease Type of injection Aspect Artificially acquired Passive immunity _________containing specific antibodies At the time when a person is infected or at a high risk of getting the disease. Ready made antibodies give _____________________

Time of injection

Body needs time to synthesise antibodies

Time taken to achieve immunity Duration of immunity Necessity of a booster dose

_________ lasting of immunity Needed for certain diseases like hepatitis B because the first injection usually induces a slow production and low level of antibodies

_____________ lasting of immunity Normally not needed. First injection offers sufficient immunity

[ 5 marks ]

ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.6 Types of Immunity 10.6/1

1._________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009

Types of immunity

YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


Active immunity

Passive immunity

Naturally acquired 2.

Artificial acquired

Naturally acquired

Artificial acquired

Artificially acquired Active immunity Vaccine containing dead or weakened pathogen. Before a person is infected with a disease

Aspect

Artificially acquired Passive immunity

Type of injection

Serum containing specific antibodies At the time when a person is infected or at a high risk of getting the disease. Ready made antibodies give immediate immunity

Time of injection

Body needs time to synthesise antibodies Long lasting duration of immunity Needed for certain diseases like hepatitis B because the first injection usually induces a slow production and low level of antibodies.

Time taken to achieve immunity Duration of immunity Necessity of a booster dose

Short duration of immunity

Normally not needed. First injection offers sufficient immunity

WORKSHEET 10.7 The Transport of Substances in Plants The vascular tissues in the stem, root and leaf Fill in the blanks to discuss the features of vascular tissues. 1. The two main vascular tissues are _____________and ______________.

Score __ /__ ____ 10.6/2

2. _________ transports water and minerals salts upwards from the ________ to the ________ and _______._________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______transports organic substances such as sucrose from the leaves or storage organs to the other parts of the plant. [ 7 marks ] The structure of vascular tissues in the dicotyledonous stem, root and leaf


Dicotyledonous root Dicotyledonous root

1. In the centre of the root is a core of vascular tissue called___________________. 2. The _____________is shaped like a star. 3. The __________ bundles alternate with the _____________ bundles.

Dicotyledonous stem

1. Xylem and phloem together form __________ __________which are arranged in a ________ pattern surrounding the _____________. 2. Each vascular bundle consists of an outer _______, an inner _______and an intervening zone of meristematic cells (_____________).

10.7/1 Dicotyledonous leaf

_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 20091.

The ___________ _____________consists of veins. YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

2. ______ forms the upper part of the vascular bundle, while the ______ forms the lower part of the bundle.

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


Dicotyledonous leaf

[ 17 marks ]

ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.7 The Transport of Substances in Plants The vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf 1. The two main vascular tissues are xylem and phloem. 2. Xylem transports water and minerals salts upward from the roots to the stems and leaves. 3. Phloem transports organic substances such as sucrose from the leaves or storage_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

10.7/2

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ organs to the other parts of the plant. The structure of vascular tissues in the dicotyledonous stem, root and leaf


Dicotyledonous root

1. In the centre of the root is a core of vascular tissue called vascular cylinder. 2. The xylem is shaped like a star. 3. The xylem bundles alternate with the phloem bundles.

1. Xylem and phloem together form vascular bundles which are arranged in a ring pattern surrounding the pith. 2. Each vascular bundle consists of an outer phloem , an inner xylem and intervening zone of meristematic cells (cambium).

10.7/3

Dicotyledonous leaf_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


1. The vascular tissue consists of veins. 2. Xylem forms the upper part of the vascular bundle, while the phloem forms the lower part of the bundle.

WORKSHEET 10.8 Transpiration Fill in the blanks Transpiration

Score __ /__ ____ 10.7/4

1. Definition : _______________________________________________________________________ 2. About 90% of transpiration takes place through the _________, 5% through the _____ and 5% evaporated from the lenticels of the stem 3. The importance of transpiration:_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________


(i) Creates a ______________ __________ that sucks water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil. (ii) Maintains _________ ___________ in the cells due to elimination of excessive water in the plant body. (iii) Gives a ____________ ___________ due to absorption of heat by water during evaporation. 4. Factors affecting the rate of transpiration are ____________, _________ ,___________ and _____________________ . (i) The rate of transpiration ___________________when the air movement increases (ii) The rate of transpiration ____________________when the temperature increases (iii) The rate of transpiration ____________________ when the light intensity increases (iv) The rate of transpiration ____________________ when the relative humidity increases. Transport of water and mineral ions 1. Water enters the root by ______________while mineral ions by ___________________. 2. The movement of water from the root to the leaves is aided by three factors, which are________________, ______________________ and _____________________. [ 5 marks ] [ 14 marks ]

The regulation of transpiration by stomata 1. Each stoma consists of a pair of kidney shaped _________ __________ surrounding the ________. 2. Guard cells are specialized _____________ _______ with the inner cell wall __________ than the outer cell wall. 3. In general, stomata _____________ during the day and ________________ at night. [ 6 marks ] ANSWERS WORKSHEET 10.8 Transpiration 10.8/1

1. Definition : The loss of water in the form of water vapour from a plant to the atmosphere. 2. About 90% of transpiration takes place through the stomata, 5% through the cuticle and 5% evaporated from the lenticels of the stem 3. The importance of transpiration: (i) Creates a transpirational pull that sucks water and dissolved mineral salts from the_________________________________________________________________________________________WAJA BIOLOGY 2009 YLKONG@SMKSARATOK2009

Name : _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ soil. (ii)


Maintains osmotic pressure in the cells due to elimination of excessive water in the plant body.

(iii) Gives a cooling effect due to absorption of heat by water during evaporation. 4. Factors affecting the rate of transpiration are air movement, temperature, light intensity and relative humidity (i) The rate of transpiration increases when the air movement increases (ii) The rate of transpiration increases when the temperature increases (iii) The rate of transpiration increases when the light intensity increases (iv) The rate of transpiration decreases when the relative humidity increases Transport of water and mineral ions 1. Water enters the root by osmosis while mineral ions by active transport. 2. The movement of water from the root to the leaves is aided by three factors, which are root pressure, capillary action and transpirational pull.

The regulation of transpiration by stomata 1. Each stoma consists of a pair of kidney shaped guard cells surrounding the stomata . 2. Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells with the inner cell wall thicker than the outer cell wall. 3. In general, stomata open during the day and close at night.

10.8/2


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Chapter 10