Chapter 1: The Sentence and Its Parts. Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Predicates A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A

Chapter 1: The Sentence and Its

Parts

Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Predicates

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

Every sentence has two parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate.


The complete subject includes all the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about.

Some architects bring nature indoors.

The small puppy whined for its mother.

That antique Corvette is very fast.


The complete predicate includes all the words that tell the action or condition of the subject.





Draw a line between the complete subject and complete predicate in the following sentences:

My friend Max wrote the letter.

The storm clouds are getting darker.

His broken leg healed in three months.

The people ran from the burning building.

Sara helped me with my math homework.


1. On a piece of looseleaf paper, write 8 sentences with a complete subject and predicate.

2. Each sentence must have at least 10 words.

3. Draw a vertical line where you would divide the complete subject from the complete predicate.

Lessons 2 & 3: Simple Subjects and Simple

PredicatesThe simple subject is the main word or

words in the complete subject.




Lessons 2 & 3: Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates (Verbs)

Descriptive words are NOT part of the simple subject.

The birthday cake was delicious!

When a proper noun is the subject, all parts of the name make up the simple subject.

Robert Peary explored the North Pole.


The simple predicate, or VERB, is the main word or words in the complete predicate.





A verb is a word used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being. There are two main types of verbs:

An action verb tells what the subject DOES.A linking verb tells what the subject IS.

Pioneers made bricks from sod. (action verb)

Sod houses are cool in hot weather. (linking verb)


Linking Verbs

am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being,

appear, become, feel, look, sound, smell, taste

sound, seem, remain, grow


Underline the simple subject and circle the simple predicate (verb) in the following sentences:

My friend Max wrote the letter.

The storm clouds are getting darker.

His broken leg healed in three months.

The people ran from the burning building.

Sara helped me with my math homework.


1. Refer back to the 5 sentences you wrote.

2. Underline the simple subject and circle the simple predicate in each sentence.

3. Turn your paper in the bin (make sure your name is on it!).

Lesson 4: Verb Phrases

In a sentence, the verb may consist of one or more words. These words are called a verb phrase.

A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs.

Steve has finished the book.

has = helping verb

finished = main verb (action)


A main verb can stand by itself in a sentence.

I go to the store with my friend Maggie.

go = main verb (action)

One or more helping verbs help main verbs express action or show time.

I will go to the store with my friend Maggie.

will = helping verb

go = main verb (action)


Common Helping Verbs

is, am, are, was, were,

be, been, do, does, did,

has, have, had ,

may, might, can,

should, could, would,

shall, will


Underline the helping verb or verbs and circle the main verbs in the following sentences.

The monster costume had frightened some of the children.

The leaves have been changing very slowly this year.

That city was the birthplace of the sundae.

We did see the new penguin exhibit at the zoo.

Who will be bringing the paper plates?

Are you walking home from school today?


Create sentences with the following verb phrases

1. helping verb + action verb

2. helping verb + linking verb

3. helping verb + helping verb + action verb

4. helping verb + subject + action verb (hint: write it in a question format)

Lesson 5: Compound Sentence Parts

Sentences can have compound subjects and compound verbs.

You can use compound subjects and verbs to combine sentences and avoid repetition in your writing.


A compound subject is made up of two or more subjects that share the same verb.

The subjects are joined by a conjunction such as and, or, or but.

Cookies and cake are my favorite desserts!

The thunder and lightening scared my dog.

Ice or snow can make driving dangerous.


A compound verb is made up of two or more verbs that share the same subject.

The verbs are joined by a conjunction such as and, or, or but.

Powerful winds lift and carry heavy objects.

The children slipped and slid on the ice.

The house was designed and built by my uncle.


Identify the compound subject OR compound verb in each sentence below:

I climbed the tree and looked in the bird's nest.

The principal and the dean of students are retiring.

Everyone was playing or swimming in the pool.

One of my friends and his dad have flown to Brazil.

The girl sat there but said nothing.


Combine the sentence pairs to form a new sentence with the sentence part in parentheses.

Susan went to the store for tennis shoes. Wendy also went to the store for tennis shoes. (compound

subject)

At the mall ice rink, people skated to the music. People twirled around and around. (compound verb)

At the bookstore, the bestsellers were on display. Other holiday books were on display as well.

(compound subject)


On a sheet of looseleaf paper, write:

3 sentences with a compound subject

3 sentences with a compound verb

2 sentences with BOTH a compound subject and a compound verb

*LABEL YOUR SUBJECTS AND VERBS*

Lesson 6: Kinds of Sentences

A sentence can be used to make a statement, to ask a question, to make a request/give a command, or to show strong feelings.

There are four kinds of sentences:declarativeexclamatoryinterrogativeimperative


Declarative – Makes a statement; always ends with a period.

Interrogative – Asks a question; always ends with a question mark

Imperative – Tells or asks someone to do something. Usually ends in a period, but may end with an exclamation point.

Exclamatory – Shows strong feelings; always ends with an exclamation point


Identify each sentence below as exclamatory, interrogative, imperative, or declarative.

Are you having a bad day?

Don’t be late for the basketball game.

I have seen that movie twice.

You can’t be serious!

Be careful!


On looseleaf paper, write:

2 declarative sentences

2 interrogative sentences

2 imperative sentencesOne with a periodOne with an exclamation point

2 exclamatory sentences

Lesson 7: Subjects in Unusual Order

In most declarative sentences, subjects come before verbs.

In some kinds of sentences, however, subjects can come after verbs, between verbs, or not appear at all!


QUESTIONS

In a question, the subject usually comes after the verb or between parts of the verb phrase.

Is she ready?

Does the weather look good for the game?

To find the subject, turn the question into a statement.

Are you staying home?

You are staying home.


COMMANDS

The subject of a command (imperative sentence) is usually you. Often, you doesn’t appear in the sentence because it is understood.

Meet us at the concession stand.

(You) Meet us at the concession stand.

Bring money for snacks!

(You) Bring money for snacks!


Inverted Sentences

In an inverted sentence, the subject comes after the verb. Writers use inverted sentences to improve their sentence fluency.

Normal: The first batter walked up to the plate.

Inverted: Up to the plate walked the batter.

Normal: The fans cheered loud and long.

Inverted: Loud and long cheered the fans.


Sentences beginning with “Here” or “There”

In sentences that begin with “here” or “there,” the subject comes after the verb. To find the subject, first find the verb and ask “who” or “what.”

Here comes the all-state championship team.

(Who or what comes? team)

There goes our best rebounder.

(Who or what goes? rebounder)


Identify the subject in each sentence below:

Here are your gloves.

From the playpen came the cries of my little nephew.

Does he look like my brother?

Up the ladder climbed the little boy.

Go to the store to pick up milk.

There are many obstacles in our path.

What are you doing on New Years Eve?


On a sheet of looseleaf, write:

2 imperative sentences (commands)

2 inverted sentences

2 questions

1 sentence starting with “Here”

1 sentence starting with “There”

*CIRCLE ALL SUBJECTS!*

Lesson 8: Subject Complements (predicate nouns & predicate

adjectives)

A subject complement is a word or group of words that follows a linking verb and renames/describes the subject.

A linking verb links the subject with a noun or adjective that tells more about it.

Butterflies are fragile.

(Subject + linking verb + complement)

Lesson 8: Subject Complements (Predicate Nouns & Predicate

Adjectives)

Both nouns and adjectives can serve as subject complements.

A predicate noun follows a linking verb and defines or renames the subject.

Monarch butterflies are insects. (defines)

butterflies = insects

Soccer is a sport for all ages. (renames)

Soccer = sport


Adjectives)

A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the quality of the subject.

Monarchs look beautiful. (describes)

Monarchs = beautiful

To my friends, that movie seemed funny. (describes)

movie = funny


Adjectives)

Identify the predicate nouns:

Math and science are my best subjects.

The specialty of the restaurant is cheese fondue.

The former president remained a prominent figure after leaving office.

After years of study, my sister became a lawyer.

Helen has been my best friend since kindergarten.


Adjectives)

Identify the predicate adjectives:

Paul was disappointed with his strikeout.

The crowd grew restless because of the long delay.

Before the concert, the singer appeared very nervous.

You will surely feel better after a nap.

Audrey sounded quite cheerful on the phone.

The color of that blouse is unbecoming.


Adjectives)

On looseleaf, write:

4 sentences with predicate nouns

4 sentences with predicate adjectives

*LABEL SUBJECTS and circle PREDICATE NOUNS or ADJECTIVES*

Lesson 9: Objects of Verbs (Direct Objects and Indirect

Objects)

In addition to subject complements, there are objects of verbs.

Action verbs often need complements called direct objects and indirect objects to complete their meaning.


Objects)

A direct object is a word or group of words that names the receiver of the action of an action verb.

A direct object answers what or whom.

Movie producers often borrow real homes.

(borrow what? homes)

The right house can charm viewers.

(can charm whom? viewers)


Objects)

An indirect object is a word or group of words that tells to whom or what (or for whom or what) an action is performed.

An indirect object usually comes between a verb and direct object.

I lent Christie my social studies book.

(lent book to whom? Christie)

My brother offered us free movie passes.

(offered passes to whom? us)


Objects)

Identify the direct objects in the following sentences:

The boy in the red coat bought a new kite.

Janet loves all sorts of music.

My wife feeds the cat and waters the plants.

Henry waited on the corner.

The interviewer mispronounced the actor’s name on T.V.

She called the doctor to give a report.


Objects)

Identify the indirect objects in the following sentences:

He gave me excellent directions to the stadium.

Yes, I told my class that stupid joke.

Norman handed the bellboy a tip.

Dr. Jordan gave his church a large contribution.

Give me one good reason for doing that job!

I wish you great success.

Mr. Brent showed off his garden.


Objects)

On a sheet of looseleaf, write:

4 sentences with only a direct object.

4 sentences with both an indirect object and a direct object.

*Circle and label the IO’s and DO’s*

Lesson 10: Run-On Sentences and Sentence

Fragments A sentence fragment is part of a sentence that is written

as if it were a complete sentence. It can be missing a subject, a predicate, or both.

Also, a sentence fragment may have a subject and predicate but does not express a complete thought.

A high quality car. (missing a predicate)

Went to the store. (missing a subject)

Until 2:30 in the morning! (missing a subject and predicate)

Once they get here. (doesn’t express a complete thought)


Fragments Identify each group of words below as a complete sentence or sentence fragment. If a sentence fragment, explain why.

Annie and her best friend Julia.

While Thomas was making dinner.

Didn’t have a care in the world.

Five slices of pizza.

It was fun.

Even though I am very tired.


Fragments A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written

as though they were a single sentence.

There are two types of run-on sentences: Fused – two or more sentences joined together

without punctuation.Example: The sun is high put on some sunblock

Comma splice – two or more sentences joined together with only a comma.

Example: The sun is high, put on some sunblock.


Fragments Tell whether each sentence below is a complete sentence or a run-on sentence. If a run-on, tell what type (fused or comma splice).

The small girl seemed to be lost, she was crying and looking for her mother.

Kodiak bears weigh as much as 1,700 pounds, and they grow to a height of ten feet.

School in Munich was too rigid and boring for young Einstein he did not do well.

In the same year, he published four more papers that presented new thoughts on the nature of light and other important concepts.


Fragments There are three ways to fix run-on sentences:

1. Put a period between the sentences.

2. Put a semicolon between the sentences.

3. Put a comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so … FANBOYS) between the sentences.

The sun is high. Put on some sunblock.

The sun is high; put on some sunblock.

The sun is high, so put on some sunblock.


Fragments On a sheet of paper, fix the following run-on sentences using all three strategies (put a period, put a semicolon, put a comma + conjunction).

1. My family reunion is in three months I wonder if everyone will be there.

2. Dave is flying to Orlando for spring break, he will be gone a week.

On the same sheet of paper, fix the following sentence fragments by adding a subject, a predicate, or a complete thought.

3. Since she studied for the test.

4. Caused a lot of damage.

5. A 7th grade student.

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Chapter 1: The Sentence and Its Parts. Lesson 1: Complete Subjects and Predicates A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A