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English Notes

Subjects, Predicates,

and Sentence Parts

Mrs. Jewett

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Kinds of Sentences

There are four different types of sentences.

They are known as:

Declarative

Interrogative

Exclamatory

Imperative

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Declarative

A sentence that makes a statement is a declarative sentence. It declares something:

I started middle school today.

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Interrogative

A sentence that asks a question is an interrogative sentence. It ends with a question mark:

Do you like the block schedule?

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Exclamatory!!!

A sentence that expresses a strong feeling is exclamatory!

It ends in an exclamation point:

This is amazing!

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Imperative

A sentence that gives a command, however so polite, is an imperative sentence. The subject of this sentence is always an “understood” (YOU):

Bring the letter back signed no later than Friday.

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Can you identify the following?

Identify the following types of sentences.1. What’s for lunch?2. May I use the restroom?3. Stay in a straight line.4. Whoa, be careful.5. Will we be following the normal schedule

on Friday?6. I plan to do my best this year. 7. You don’t have your books yet!

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Exercise #1 continued

8.Please, sit in your assigned seat.

9.Whenever the teacher is speaking, the students should be quite.

10. Are we ever getting a break?

11. Ahhh! It’s a lizard!

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Sentences and Sentence Parts

• A sentence expresses a complete thought. Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.

• A sentence fragment does not express a complete thought. It may be missing a subject, a predicate, or both.

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Parts of a sentence

• The subject is the noun part of the sentence. It tells you who or what the sentence is about. The subject is also the one who carries out the action or the main verb in the sentence.

• The predicate of the sentence tells what the subject does or has. It is the verb or action part of a sentence.

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Which are sentences and which are fragments?

• If the phrase is a fragment, determine what part(s) of the sentence is missing.

• If the phrase is a sentence, think about what kind of sentence it is.

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Which are sentences and which are fragments?

• 1. Geneticist Warick Kerr studied honeybees.

• 2. At the University of Sao Paolo in Brazil

• 3. Every Saturday morning at the club treehouse.

• 4. The hot summer months.

• 5. When they are defending their nests.

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Exercise continued

6. In all directions.

7. Dr. Kerr carefully kept the bees in enclosures.

8. Were Raking leaves or pulling weeds for elderly people.

9. Other jobs, too.

10. Reproducing quickly and swarming frequently.

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Food for thought

“Ready?”

“In a minute”

“No, now!”

“OK,OK”

• Remember: In speech, your tone of voice and facial expressions help you carry your meaning. In writing, you do not have these aids. Your words express your ideas completely and clearly.

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The Position of the Subject

• The subject does not always come at the beginning of a sentence. It may be in the middle or even at the end.

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Examples

• Are we going to special area?

• After school, sponsors picked up students for extracurricular activities.

• On the window sill was a bamboo plant.

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Find the subject in each sentence

1. Would you mind not making a mess?

2. The teacher disciplines the class every day.

3. After my second block, I have to prepare for lunch.

4. The boy with the yellow toy duck is my little brother.

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Exercise continued

6. Before dismissal, we say the Act of Contrition.

7. On the second floor at the end of the hall, is Mrs. Delgado’s class.

8. Wrestling with the heavy bags in her hand, the girl struggled to open the door.

9. With out thinking twice, the young man opened the door for the girl.

10. The students at St. Agatha Catholic School practice the ten commandments of good manners. :)

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Identifying Complete Subjects and Simple Subjects

The complete subject of a sentence includes the main noun and all the other words that make up the noun part of the sentence.

A simple subject is the main noun in the complete subject. It is the one that will carry out the action of the sentence.

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Examples

A bright-red cardinal sat on the window sill.

Complete subject A bright-red cardinal

Simple subject cardinal

Example

The first prize is a gold medal.

Complete subjectThe first prize

Simple subject prize

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Exercise 4

Find the complete subject. Then identify the simple subject.

1. The plant on the desk belongs to the teacher.

2. Performers in the dance company moved gracefully to the music.

3. The desk that is on the left side of the cabinet contains the sign-out sheet.

4. Maria walked to the park.

5. Maria, who is brave, walked to the park alone.

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Identifying Predicate and Positions of the Predicate

The predicate usually comes after the subject.

Sometimes, however, part or all of the predicate comes before the subject.

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Predicates

In the following sentences, the predicates are in boldfaced type.

Examples

Outside the tent was a baby bear.

Late in the night we heard a noise.

Has the dough risen enough?

Stop right there!

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Special Note: • Since the predicate can come before the

subject in sentences with inverted word order, and in declarative sentences that begin with Here is, Here are, There is, There are, it is important to note that the words Here and There are NEVER the subject of the sentence.

• They answer the question “Where?” and are part of the predicate.

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Identify the predicates in the following sentences

• Marco’s brother delivers pizzas.

• Under a large bush sat the tiny rabbit.

• Does this copier staple and fold documents?

• How talented you are!

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Complete Predicate and Simple Predicate

The complete predicate contains the main verb which is known as the simple predicate.

This is the main action of the sentence that the subject performs, or is responsible for performing.

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Examples

The nurse lifted the patient carefully.

Complete predicate lifted the patient carefully.

Simple predicate lifted

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Identify the complete predicate and simple predicate in the following sentences.

Example• I saw one of my classmates on TV the

other day.• My silky terrier chewed my daughter’s

Legos.• Random sentences are very annoying.

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Examples

• Over the paper raced Irving’s pen.

• There is Irving’s original manuscript.

• Write a list of materials for the project.

• Here is a poster of Mars.

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Your Topic Goes Here• Your Subtopics Go Here

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