Seven Philosophies of EducationExamplesWhy Teach? (Objectives)What to Teach? (Curriculum)How to Teach? (Teaching Strategies)Educator/Philosopher

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Essentialism*Back-to the Basics Movement, Conduct of NAT learning competencies, authoritarian approach to teaching *For learners to acquire KSA*To transmit the traditional moral values*RATIONALTRADITIONAL DISCIPLINES e.g. Math, Literature

*Subject Matter-Oriented*More academic content (rs reading, riting, rithmetic, right conduct , less vocational course

* little emphasis on students interest* mastery of subject matter* observe core requirements, longer school days, prescribed textbooks, drill method, memorization, discipline* William Bagley*

Progressivism*Non authoritarian approach to learning*For learners to be enlightened, intelligent* Live life fully

* Education as Life*Need-based and relevant to students experiences (natural and social sciences)

* Skills/Processes to cope with CHANGE

* student-centered teaching

* accept the impermanence of life *Problem-Solving Method* Simulation/Animals learn to interplay

* Experiential methods (learning by doing)

*Hands-on-Minds-on-Hearts-on e.g. field trip, puzzles* John Dewey*Education is life not a preparation for life*Book learning is no substitute for actual experience

* Stimulate in the classroom life in the outside world

Perennialism*Authoritarian approach*to develop their rational and moral powers*reasoning skills*UNIVERSAL all human beings possess the same essential nature* subject matter-oriented

*GENERALIST and not specialist

*less vocational/technical education

*GREAT BOOKS* teacher-centered

e.g. mutual inquiry sessions, Socratic dialogue*Mortimer Adler* Robert Hutchins*Great Books!*ancient, medieval, and modern times

*has the same essential nature with others

Existentialism*Non-authoritarian *to help students define their own essence*demands the education of the whole person

*existence precedes essence

*has rational and moral powers*CHOICE (variety of options)*more vocational

*student-centered teaching*INDIVIDUAL / own pace* values clarification strategy*Jean Paul Sartre*William Thackeray*man is nothing else but what he makes of himself / existence precedes essenceNo universal nature

*life is what you make it

Behaviorism*No choice, No free will*MODIFICATION and shaping students behavior by providing a favourable environment

*STIMULUS-RESPONSE in the environment* control/arrange environmental conditions*make stimuli clear and interesting

*provide appropriate rewards/incentives to reinforce (+) response*John Watson**students are product of their environment

Linguistic Philosophy*Mother tongue*to develop communication skills of the learner*verbal (oral/written) content of our message, choice/arrangement of words*Non-verbal body language

*Para verbal how we say what we say e.g. tone, pacing, volume

Expand their vocabularies*EXPERIENCE*facilitates dialogue among learners*Jurgen Habermas*Hans Georg Gadamer

*John Powell

*Chip Rose**

* listening in dialogue

*when a relationship is working

Constructivism*Knowledge to meaning*To construct knowledge and make meaning of them*learning processes and skills (searching, evaluating, critiquing, reflecting, relating, constructing new knowledge*INTERACTIVE classroom*provide students with data or experiences

*facilitates dialogue among learners* knowledge is constructed by learners

* ready to be midwifed by the teacher

*NO teaching methodology of telling

DepEd

Mission: to provide quality basic education that is accessible to all and lays the foundation of lifelong learning and service for common goodVision: By 2030, DepEd is globally recognized for good governance and develops functionally literate and God loving Filipinos

Core Values: Culture of Excellence, Integrity and Accountability, Maka Diyos, Maka Bayan, Maka Kalikasan