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Chapter 1Data Storage(1)
Yonsei University
1st Semester, 2015 Sanghyun Park
Outline Bits and their storage Main memory Mass storage (next file) Representing information as bit patterns (next file) Binary system (next file) Storing integers (next file) Storing fractions (next file)
Bits and Their Storage Today’s computers represent information as patterns of
____
A bit (binary digit) is either one of two _____ – 0 and 1
Storing a bit within a machine requires a device that can be in one of two ______, such as a switch (on or off) ora relay (open or closed)
Bit Operations
Gates (1/3) We think of the digit 0 as representing the value _____
and the digit 1 representing the value ____
Operations that manipulate true/false values are called ________ operations
A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation is called a ____
Gates (2/3) Gates can be constructed from a variety of technologies
such as gears, relays and optic devices
Current technology implements gates as small electronic _______
Gates are building ______ from which computers are constructed
Gates (3/3)
Flip-Flop Circuit (set of connected _____) whose output will flip or
flop between ___ values under control of external stimuli
Flip-flop can be used to store value of a ___
Flip-Flop Output If both inputs are 0, output will ___ ______
Placing 1 on _____ input forces output to be 1
Placing 1 on _____ input forces output to be 0
Setting the Output to 1 (1/3)
Setting the Output to 1 (2/3)
Setting the Output to 1 (3/3)
Another Way of Constructing Flip-Flop
Hexadecimal Notation Long bit streams are difficult to make sense of
The lengths of most bit streams used in a machine are multiples of _____
____________ notation is a shorthand notation for streams of bits
Hexadecimal notation is more ________, and_____ ___________ to manually read, copy, or write
Hexadecimal Coding System
Main Memory: Cells Cells are manageable units (typically _ bits) into which a
computer’s main memory is arranged
A _____ is a string of 8 bits
The left end of the conceptual row in which the contents of a cell are laid out is called the ________ end
The right end of the conceptual row in which the contents of a cell are laid out is called the _______ end
The bit at the low-order end is called the ___ significant bit
Byte-Size Memory Cell
Main Memory Addresses An _______ is a “name” to uniquely identify one cell in
the computer’s main memory
Addresses are __________ numbers, usually starting at ____
Cells have an _____: “previous cell” and “next cell” have reasonable meanings
Memory where any cell can be accessed independently is called _______ access memory
Memory Cells Arranged By Address
Measuring Memory Capacity “_____” normally means 1,000;
Kilobyte = 210 = 1,024
“_____” normally means 1,000,000;Megabyte = 220 = 1,048,576
“_____” normally means 1,000,000,000;Gigabyte = 230 = 1,073,741,824