CHAPTER 1 & 2modul Form 5 2012

8/2/2019 CHAPTER 1 & 2modul Form 5 2012

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CHAPTER 1

MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON

LIVING THINGS.

1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS1. Which of the following microorganisms only grows and reproduces in living cell?

A. Fungi C. Virus

C. Bacteria D. Algae

2. Diagram 1 shows the structure of an unknown microorganism examined under the

microscope. The unknown microorganism does not have a nucleus.

Text book pg 36

Diagram 1

In which of the following groups should the unknown microorganism be classified?

I. virus II. Bacteria III. ProtozoaA. I only C. I and II only

B. II only D. I, II and III

3. Complete the chart below based on the classification of microorganisms based on

their common characteristics

Parasites saprophytes unicellular multicellular binary fission

Various living cells dark crystal chlorophyll

Duplicating electron damp budding spore formationAutotrophs photosynthesis smallest dead sunlight

Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Algae

Classification of microorganisms


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Size and brief explanation

Bacteria Viruses Fungi protozoa Algae

__________

sizes

__________

microorganisms

__________

microorganisms

Can only be

seen through

____________

Microscope

__________

Sizes.

Plants that

do not have

___________

__________

sizes

__________

microorganisms

__________

sizes

__________

or _________

microorganisms

Bacteria viruses Fungi protozoa Algae

Reproduce

through

____________

Reproduce in

living cells by

____________

Itself.

Reproduce

through

____________

(yeast) or

____________

Reproduce

through

____________

Reproduce

through

____________

Nutrition


Live as

__________or

____________

(Feed on dead

organisms.)

Live as

_____________

Live as

___________

(tinea fungi)

or

____________

(mucor)

Live as

____________

(Amoeba and

paramecium)

or

____________

(Plasmodium)

Live as

____________

That is they

can make their

own food

through

____________

Habitat


Can be

found

anywhere

Can be found

in __________

Can form

____________

Outside the livingthings.

Can be found

in _________

and ________

Places.

Can be found

in fresh water

and ________

places.

Can be found

in

__________

areas that

receive___________

Method of reproduction


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4. Bacteria can be classified based on its shape. Label the shaped of the bacteria

below using the given words.

Bacillus Coccus Spirillum Vibrio

_______________ _____________ _______________ _____________

5. Mucor (mould) is a saprophytes. Study the diagram below and labelled structures

X, Y, Z. Then states the function of Y and Z.

6. Study the diagram below on the reproduction of a virus in a host cell (living cell).

Then complete the empty spaces with suitable words.

release injects viruses reproduce

Longman pg 5

A virus________

Genetic material.

Material in the

bacteria is used by

virus to_________

New ___________

Are formed

Viruses_________

themselves. The

host cell dies.


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1.2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISM.1. What is the optimum temperature for the growth of pathogens that cause

diseases?

A. 5 C C. 30 CB. 37 C D. 60 C

2. Diagram 2 shows an experiment that was carried out to study bacteria growth

Diagram 2

What factor is being studied in this experiment?

A. Temperature C. LightB. PH D. Nutrient


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Guided experiment 1. Effect of PH on the growth of microorganisms.

Aim :To study the effect of PH factor on the growth microorganisms

Hypothesis: Bacteria grow well in ______________conditions but not in conditions

that are very ______________or _____________.Variables: (a) that is kept constant :______________________________

(b) that is manipulated : _______________________________

(c) that responds: _____________________________________

Materials: sterile nutrient agar, bacteria culture (Bacillus subtilis), distilled water, 1

mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid, 1 mol dm-3

sodium hydroxide solution.Apparatus: Sterile Petri dishes and lids, syringes, dropper, cellophane tape.

Procedure 1. Put 5cm3

of hot nutrient agar into Petri dish A, B and C.

2. Let the agar solidify before adding 1 cm

3

of bacteria culture solution onthe surface of the solidified agar.

3. Add 1 cm3

of hydrochloric acid into one Petri dish, 1 cm3

of sodium

hydroxide solution the second Petri dish. And 1cm3

of distilled water

into the third Petri dish using syringes.

4. Cover the Petri dish with lids and seal the lids the lids using some

cellophane tape.

5. Place the three Petri dish A, B and C inverted in a dark cupboard for

two or three days.

6. Record your observation on the growth of bacteria at the end of the

experiment.

Step:1.___________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

5._________________________________________________________________

6.___________________________________________________________________


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Observation:

Petri dish Condition of the nutrient agar Number of bacterial colonies

A Acidic

B Alkaline

C Neutral

Analysis :

1. From the observations, state the conditions and PH values that are suitable and not

suitable for bacterial growth. Then give an inference for your answer.

Condition pH value Inference

Suitable for

bacterial growth.

pH_________ Bacteria are _________

In conditions that are

too________________or too_____________Not suitable forbacterial growth. pH_________

pH ________

2. (a) Predict the condition of the nutrient agar if the experiment is repeated using

vinegar. Give one reason. ________ bacterial colony. Vinegar is _________

(b) Tick / in the box for the use of vinegar based on its property.

To preserve food such as fruit.

To strengthen natural rubber.

To add colour to canned food.

3. Based on the experiment, state the operational definition of

(a) neutral condition

Neutral condition is the condition that________________________________

(b) bacterial growth

Bacterial growth is a process which causes the__________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4. Can the hypothesis be accepted?

_________________________________________

Conclusion : Bacteria grow well in ________________conditions but will not

survive in conditions that are too ___________________ or

_____________________.


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Guided experiment 2. Effect of nutrients on the growth of Microorganism.

Aim :

Hypothesis:

Variables : (a) that is kept constant :______________________________(b) that is manipulated : _______________________________

(c) that responds: _____________________________________

Materials : Nutrient broth, bacteria culture (Bacillus subtilis) and distilled water.

Apparatus: Sterile test tube with stoppers, glass rods, beakers, test tube holder and

incubator

Procedure:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure above.2.

Place the test tube in an incubator at 35 C3. Observe the changes in the test tube after 3 days.

4. Record your observations in the following table.5. Steps:

1______________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________

Observation

Test tube Observation Inference

A

B

Discussion: 1. Why must we sterilize all the apparatus and the nutrient broth?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

2. What is the purpose of keeping the bacteria culture in an incubator?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________


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3. In which test tube has has microorganisms grown? Give a reason for

your answer.

________________________________________________________

4. Can your hypothesis?

______________________________________________

Conclusion: The presence of _______________________ will stimulate the growth

of microorganisms.

1.3 USEFUL MICROORGANISMS.1 Yeast is useful microorganism because it is used in the making of

I. bread II. Beer III. ButterA. I and II only C. I and III onlyB. II and III only D. I, II and III

2. Complete the statement based on the given information.

a) Food digestion

_________________living in a herbivorous animals digestive system

sercretes an anzymes called _____________. This enzyme helps to

digest________

Similar to the bacteria, ______________a type of microorganism that lives in

the digestive system of termites help to digest wood cellulose.

Cellulose cellulase bacteria protozoa


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b)Decaying process

Bacteria fungi fertilizers eliminates decomposition

Dead organisms such as plants and animals undergo a process called

_________________. This process is caused by microorganisms such as

_______________and ______________.

This process is important as it,

(a) ____________the soil by replenishing it with nutrients.

(b) ____________unwanted organic matter, therefore preventing it from

contaminating the Earth.

c)Medicine

diseases viruses bacteria penicillin beta-carotene

protein cancer vaccine vitamin B fatty-acids

Microorganisms such as ___________and __________play an important

role in the preparation of _______________.

Vaccines help to protect humans from certain ____________.

_______________is an antibiotic from a certain type of fungus helps tofight infection.

Some microorganisms provides nutrients to help human stay healthy. For

example:

(a)Yeast is a type of fungus is rich with ____________and____________.(b)Certain algae produce ______________to prevent _________and help

to prevent heart attacks by eliminating __________from the body.


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d) Agriculture.Nitrogen roots nitrite humus saprophytic nitrogen-fixing

______________________bacteria ate microorganisms that live in the

Nodules of legumes. These bacteria help to bind____________from the

atmosphere and convert it to ____________ in the soil, which is then

absorbed by the ________ of plants.

___________________bacteria bacteria decompose dead organic

matter into _______________in the soil.

e. Industry.Bacteria skins yeast (fungi) fermentation

Leather wallets and belts are made from the __________ of animals.

________________ are used to treat these skins to eliminates tissues

and fats.

______________acts on carbohydrate to produce carbon dioxide. This

gas causes breads and cakes to rise. Through the same process,

_________ acts on glucose solution to produce alcohol. This process is

called _____________________.

Food / Drink Types of microorganism used

Breads and cakes

Butter and cheese

Beer and wine


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1.4 HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS.1 Underline the suitable words on the harmful effects of microorganisms.

(a) Microorganisms that are harmful to human are called (pathogens, vector).

(b) (Pathogens, vector) is an agent that carries diseases.(c) Pathogen lives as (parasites, saprophytes) in the human body.

(d) Harmful (bacteria, virus) in the digestive system can cause food

poisoning.

(e ) A person suffering from (food poisoning. headache) shows symptom such

as vomiting, stomach ache and diarrhea.

2 Discuss and identify the disease caused by each type of pathogenType of pathogens

Bacteria viruses Fungi protozoa

Disease caused

3.

Disease spread through

Vector Air / water

droplets

Body fluid Touch Food or water

Types of disease

______________

______________

______________

______________

Types of

disease

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

Types of

disease

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

____________

Types of

disease

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

Types of disease

_____________

_____________

_____________

______________


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1.5 WAYS TO PREVENT INFECTIONS CAUSED BY MICROORGANISMS

1. Antiseptic is

A. The blood plasma which contain antibodies.B. A chemical substances used to kill microorganism in skinC. An injection which contain weakened pathogenD. A chemical substance which can neutralize toxin in the body

fine netting larva Aedes Anopheles

insecticide eggs pupa stagnant

fish adult oil pathogens

2.

(a) The diagram shows the life cycle of a mosquito.

Name stages P, Q, R and S.

P: ______________ R:______________

Q: ______________ S:______________

(b)Name the type of mosquitoes which cause

i ) malaria :__________________

ii) dengue fever :________________

(c) How do mosquitoes spread diseases?

Mosquitoes transfer ______________to human through bites.

(d)Complete the table below to show the mosquito control method at stages P,

R and S.

Control method

(i) Stage P

Spray _______________________

Install ______________ at doors or windows.

(ii) Stage R and S

Rear ___________in the pond.

Clear out ______________water water by burying empty

containers to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes.

Spray _________on the surface of water in drains or ponds to

prevent the larva and pupa from rising to the surface of waterto breathe.


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Body contaminate cholera garbage bin legs cover clean

3. Study the life cycle of a housefly and answer the following questions.(a)Name one type of disease spread by houseflies.

______________________________________

(b)Why is housefly considered a vector?A house carries pathogens on its ____________and _______. These

pathogens will ____________the food that the housefly lands upon.

(c)State three ways in which the disease in (a) can be controlled.(i) ____________the food.(ii) Keep the house and its surroundings _____________(iii) Throw food residue in a covered _________________.

4. Sterilisation is a process of killing microorganisms. Complete the table below.Spores microorganisms steam surgical tools nutrient agar spoon

Wounds milk bottle floor body tissue bed sheet iodineViruses plastic items bacteria high pressure formalin air

Method of sterilisation

(a) Boiling

Boiling substances in water for 20 minutes

can kill all______________ except their

___________

Sterilises_____________ and

___________________

(b)Autoclave

Sterilising substances with ________under_________ (temperature reaching 130 C and

kill all __________________ including their

______________.

Sterilises ________________and

___________________


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(c) Antiseptic

Prevent the growth

of________________without destroying

our___________.

Example:

______________solution.

Sterilises ______________.

(d) Disinfectant

Can kill________________ but also our body

tissue

Example: ___________and Iysol

Sterilises _____________ and

_________________.

(e) Gamma rays

Can destroy all _________

And _______including their

spores

Sterilises ______________

and________________

(f) Ultraviolet rays

Can kill all _______________

Sterilises the _________ in operating

theatres.

5. State the meaning for the following.(a) Immunity The ability of the body to ____________disease caused

by ____________.

(b)Vaccine A substance that contains _________or _____

Pathogens.

(c)Antibody A substance produced body ___________to fight

____________.


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6. Based on the given information, match correctly the types of immunity.Artificial active immunity Natural active immunity

Artificial passive immunity Natural passive immunity

Description Types of immunity

Obtained when someone has been

curwed from a certain disease such as

chicken pox

Obtained when the body produces

antibodies after an injection of a

vaccine such as BCG to prevent

tuberculosis

A baby obtains immunity through itsmothers milk.

A person is injected with antiserum to

cure diseases such as tetanus and

rabies

1.6 HOW DISEASES CAUSED BY PATHOGENS ARE TREATEDpathogen bacteria removed herbs antibodyv iruses replaced raw turmeric blood penicillin

garlic treat streptomycin mould penicillium notatum

Traditional method

1. Traditional method(a)Traditional treatment is commonly carried out using ____________.(b)An example, ____________________treats ringworm and ___________

treat high blood pressure.

Ways to treat disease

Modern method


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2. Modern treatment.

Surgery

The tissues or organs that is damaged or infected by disease is __________

or_____________

Use of antibiotics

(a) An antibiotic is a chemical extracted from a living organism to

Kill _______________but not _______________.

(b) An example ___________________cures syphilis and

________________ cures tuberculosis.

(c) Penicillin is produced by a ________________called Penicillin notatum

Uses of antiserums

(a) An animal such as horse, is injected with a certain ____________ that

Causes its body to produce an _______________.

(b)The antiserum that contains the antibodies is then extracted from the

__________ of the horse and injected into the body of a patient to________ certain disease (example: tetanus and rabies)


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CHAPTER 2 NUTRITION

2.1THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING GOOD NUTRITION ANDPRACTISING GOOD EATING HABITS.

1. The calorific value of food is a measure ofA. The chemical energy stored in the food.

B. The heat energy stored in the food.

C. The kinetic energy stored in food.

D. Gravitational potential energy stored in food.

2. The Which of the following classes of food has the highest calorific value?A. Carbohydrates C. FatsB. Minerals D. Proteins

3. High blood pressure often lead to

I. stroke II. heart disease III. Heart attack

A. I and II only C. II and III onlyB. I and III only D. I, II and III

4. A women constantly reduce food intake so that her body remain slim. If this

condition continues for a long period of time, she may suffer from

A. Stroke B ObesityB. High blood pressure D anorexia

5. Which of the following health problems is not due to unhealthy eating habits?

A. Diabetes mellitus B. Hepatitis BB. Obesity D. High blood pressure

6. Kwashiorkor is caused by a deficiency in

A. Carbohydrates C. fatsB. Proteins D. minerals


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7. Discuss the factors that influence an individuals calorie requirement and give a

brief explanation.

Bigger men younger women older healthy

Sick active cold labourers body temperature smaller

Factors that influence an individuals calorie requirement

BRIEF EXPLANATION

_______require

more energy

because they

are more active

than women.

A

________

body size

requires

more

energy

than a________

Body size.

_________

people

require

more

energy than

__________

people.because the

People are

more active.

__________

people

require

more

energy than

_________

people.

_________

people or

_________

Require

more

energy.

People that

live in

_______

Climates

require

more

energy tomaintain

their______

_________.

2.2NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS1. Which of the following is a macronutrient?

A. Calcium C. ManganeseB. Copper D. Iron

2. A plant growing in soil deficient in a certain nutrient shows the followingsymptons :

3.

Which of the following nutrients is probably deficient in the soil?

A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen

C. Phosphorous D. Potassium

yellowing ofleaves

Stunted growth


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3. Collect information to help you in explaining the definition of macronutrientsand micronutrients as well as classifying the given elements.

Boron Oxygen PotassiumCarbon Phosphorus Iron

Hydrogen Manganese Sulphur

Molybdenum Nitrogen Magnesium

Zinc Copper Calcium

Nutrients of plants

5.Figure 3 shows a green leaf carrying out process L under sunlight.

Pg 20

move ahead

Figure 3

(a)Name gas M and N(i) __________________ (ii) _________________

(b)(I)What is process L?__________________________________________________

(ii) Complete the word equations of process mentioned in (b) (i)_____________ + water ______________ + glucose

(c) (i)Name pigment Q found in leaves involved in the process in Figure 1______________________________________________________

(ii)State the function of the pigment

________________________________________________

MicronutrientMacronutrient

Definition: Nutrients or mineralsrequired in

___________

amount by plants

Definition: Nutrients or mineralsrequired in

___________

amount by plants


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(d)Give two reasons why process L is importance to us?(i)__________________________________________________

(ii) __________________________________________________

6. Choose the given information on the function and the effects of nitrogen,potassium and phosphorous deficiencies on the growth of plants and complete

the following

Macronutrient Function of nutrients Nutrient deficiency sympton

(a)Nitrogen Formation of___________

And__________________

_

_____________ leaves

____________leaf size

Leave _________easily.

(b)Phosphorous Formation of_________Encourage____________

Leaves turn______

with _________spots.

Very few________,

________,_______

And___________.

__________take a longer

time to ripen.

Plants take a ______

Time to mature.

(c) Potassium Formation of__________

And________________.

Activates cellular

_______

Yellowing at the________of the leaves.

_________spots appear on

leaves.Plants _________at an

early stage.

2.3 Nitrogen cycle and its importance1. Bacteria living in the roots ofbean plants

A. break down nitrates into nitrogen

B. convert ammonium into nitrogen.C. convert nitrogen into nitrate

D .convert nitrates into ammonium compounds.

2. Which of the following occurs when lightning strikes?

A. Methane is formed.

B.Ammonia is formed.

C.Nitrogen dioxide breaks down into nitrogen and oxygen.

D. Oxides of nitrogen are formed which can dissolved in rain water to form nitric

acid.


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3. Figure 4 shows the nitrogen cycle

Pelangi super practical pg 28

Figure 4

(a) Name the bacteria X and process P in the boxes provided in Figure 4

_______________________________________________________________

(b)State the role of bacteria Y

_______________________________________________________________

(c) Name bacteria Z._______________________________________________________________

(d)State one importance of nitrogen cycle._______________________________________________________________


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Documents

CHAPTER 1 & 2modul Form 5 2012