Changes, Changes, and More Changes to ASTM C94 and …€¦ · Changes, Changes, and More Changes to ASTM C94 and Other Sacred Cow Documents Richard S. Szecsy, PhD, PE, FACI. President

Changes, Changes, and More Changes to ASTM C94

and Other Sacred Cow Documents

Richard S. Szecsy, PhD, PE, FACIPresident

Texas Aggregates and Concrete Association

Austin, TexasDecember 2016

Overview

What does a sack of cement weigh?

What happens strengths are low?

Do I reject concrete at 300 revolutions

Do I reject concrete at 90 minutes?

What about ASR, ACR, etc?

Returned Concrete

Where can I get an EPD for concrete?

What does a sack of cement weigh? (Then)

ASTM C94/C94M 09

Section 9 Measuring MaterialsUnder special circumstances approved by the purchaser, hydraulic cement is permitted to be measured in bags of standard mass (Note 9). No fraction of a bag of hydraulic cement shall be used unless its mass has beendetermined.

NOTE 9In the United States the standard mass of a bag of portland cement is 94 lb [42.6 kg] 6 3 %.

What does a sack of cement weigh? (Now)

ASTM C94/C94M 13a

Section 9 Measuring MaterialsWhen the purchaser requires alternate methods of measuring cementitious materials, measurement methods and reporting shall be stated in the order (see Note 11).

NOTE 11Cementitious materials in bags may be used when requested by the purchaser.

Low Strength (Then)

ASTM C94/C94M 09

Section 19 Failure to Meet Strength RequirementsIn the event that concrete tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength requirements of this specification, the manufacturer of the ready mixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment, if any, shall be made. If an agreement on a mutually satisfactory adjustment cannot be reached by the manufacturer and the purchaser, a decision shall be made by a panel of three qualified engineers, one of whom shall be designated by the purchaser, one by the manufacturer, and the third chosen by these two members of the panel. The question of responsibility for the cost of such arbitration shall be determined by the panel. Its decision shall be binding, except as modified by a court decision.

Low Strength (Now)

ASTM C94/C94M 13a

Section 19 Failure to Meet Strength RequirementsIn the event that concrete tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength requirements of this specification, the manufacturer of the ready-mixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment or adjustments, if any, shall be made to the mixture proportions, production process, or testing procedures.

NOTE 26Section R5.6.3.4 of the ACI 31811 Commentary and Section 5.6.5 of ACI 31811 and its respective Commentary address when and how low strength test results and the quality of in-place concrete can be investigated.

300 Drum Revolutions (and 90 minutes)

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500

3750

4000

4250

4500

4750

5000

200 250 300 350 400

Tim

e (m

in)

Com

pres

sive

str

engt

h (p

si)

Revolutions

7 day strength28 day strengthTime

Chart2

3080254050

3100614110

3020803990

30501053930

31201343930

7 day strength

Time

28 day strength

Revolutions

Compressive strength (psi)

Time (min)

MixDesigns

MixCementitious ContentAdmixtures

SackTotalAshCement (lb./yd.)Ash (lb./yd.)Total (lb/yd.)ASTM C494Dosage (oz./yd.)ASTM C494Dosage (oz./yd.)

4.54230.15136063423A16.9D8.5

65640.252423141564A/F50.8D16.9

7.57050.353458247705F56.4D21.2

MixParameterRevolutions

200250300350400

1Slump (in.)5.755.543.52.5

Air %1.01.01.31.21

Concrete Temp. (F)7577778081

Ambient Temp. (F)7373747475

2Slump (in.)43.53.252.51.25

Air %1.71.71.71.71.7



3Slump (in.)Collapsed>10">10"1010

Air %0.10.20.30.30.3



4.5 sk

Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09

200-1250-1300-1350-1400-1

0Revolutions200Revolutions250Revolutions300Revolutions350Revolutions400

Slump5.75Slump5.5Slump4Slump3.5Slump2.5200250300350400

Air1.0Air1.0Air1.3Air1.2Air1256180105134

Concrete Temp.75Temp.77Temp.77Temp.80Temp.81730803100302030503120

Ambient Temp.73737474752840504110399039303930

9:15Time9:40Time10:16Time10:35Time11:00Time11:29

0:251:011:201:452:14

Agetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsi

737263296073959331507380553030735691284073862630704.5 sack 15% fly ash normal and 2% retarder

74146733007384843060738416306073963131507403253210

73840230607381263030737169296073987231707394923140

73960331507396653160737740300074016532007388793090

73769130007378083010736912294073887530907372712970

73873630807397513160737753300073692629407405723230

73835030507398493170738485306073825830407391733120

73898631007387173080738338305073672329207392203120

73892931007401813200738980310073929831307393363130

73754629907379973020737952302073774230007388573090

Average30807Average31007Average30207Average30507Average3120

Stdev97714912073

256180105134

2850270400028530364220284934939302847649379028491583910

2850201399028485453860285239741702852885421028511834070

2850720404028521874150284692437302849765396028478803810

2849471394028527144190285064940302849098391028506724030

2852618419028530674220285036940102849855397028498813970

2852963421028495473940285049140202851497410028499573970

2852217415028532914240284880838802851231408028495073940

2852345416028500573980284997339802849967398028472463760

2849882397028544914340285104940602847277376028491653910

2847859381028502274000285158641002844063351028498483970


Stdev12915712320093

4.5 sk

7 day strength

Time

28 day strength

Revolutions


Time (min)

90 minute limit

28 day design requirement

Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Then)

ASTM C94/C94M 09

Section 12 Mixing and Delivery

12.7 Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within 1-12 h, or before the drum has revolved 300 revolutions, whichever comes first, after the introduction of the mixing water to the cement and aggregates or the introduction of the cement to the aggregates.

Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Now)

ASTM C94/C94M 13a

6.1.8 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution limit is stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determine and communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.

NOTE 4An example of a drum revolution limit would be XXX revolutions.

Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Now)

ASTM C94/C94M 13a

12.8 When a drum revolution limit (6.1.8) for start of discharge is specified by the purchaser, this limit shall govern.

NOTE 19Depending on the project requirements the technology is available to the manufacturer to alter fresh concrete properties (such as setting time, slump or slump flow, air content, etc.). On some projects the manufacturer may request changes to certain fresh concrete properties due to the distance or projected transportation time between the batch plant and the point of delivery.

What about 90 minutes?

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

150

2500

2750

3000

3250

3500

3750

4000

4250

4500

4750

5000

200 250 300 350 400

Tim

e (m

in)

Com

pres

sive

str

engt

h (p

si)

Revolutions

7 day strength28 day strengthTime

Chart2

3080254050

3100614110

3020803990

30501053930

31201343930

7 day strength

Time

28 day strength

Revolutions


Time (min)

MixDesigns

MixCementitious ContentAdmixtures

SackTotalAshCement (lb./yd.)Ash (lb./yd.)Total (lb/yd.)ASTM C494Dosage (oz./yd.)ASTM C494Dosage (oz./yd.)

4.54230.15136063423A16.9D8.5

65640.252423141564A/F50.8D16.9

7.57050.353458247705F56.4D21.2

MixParameterRevolutions

200250300350400

1Slump (in.)5.755.543.52.5

Air %1.01.01.31.21



2Slump (in.)43.53.252.51.25

Air %1.71.71.71.71.7



3Slump (in.)Collapsed>10">10"1010

Air %0.10.20.30.30.3



4.5 sk

Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09Date4/24/09

200-1250-1300-1350-1400-1

0Revolutions200Revolutions250Revolutions300Revolutions350Revolutions400

Slump5.75Slump5.5Slump4Slump3.5Slump2.5200250300350400

Air1.0Air1.0Air1.3Air1.2Air1256180105134

Concrete Temp.75Temp.77Temp.77Temp.80Temp.81730803100302030503120

Ambient Temp.73737474752840504110399039303930

9:15Time9:40Time10:16Time10:35Time11:00Time11:29

0:251:011:201:452:14

Agetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsiAgetotal loadpsi

737263296073959331507380553030735691284073862630704.5 sack 15% fly ash normal and 2% retarder

74146733007384843060738416306073963131507403253210

73840230607381263030737169296073987231707394923140

73960331507396653160737740300074016532007388793090

73769130007378083010736912294073887530907372712970

73873630807397513160737753300073692629407405723230

73835030507398493170738485306073825830407391733120

73898631007387173080738338305073672329207392203120

73892931007401813200738980310073929831307393363130

73754629907379973020737952302073774230007388573090


Stdev97714912073

256180105134

2850270400028530364220284934939302847649379028491583910

2850201399028485453860285239741702852885421028511834070

2850720404028521874150284692437302849765396028478803810

2849471394028527144190285064940302849098391028506724030

2852618419028530674220285036940102849855397028498813970

2852963421028495473940285049140202851497410028499573970

2852217415028532914240284880838802851231408028495073940

2852345416028500573980284997339802849967398028472463760

2849882397028544914340285104940602847277376028491653910

2847859381028502274000285158641002844063351028498483970


Stdev12915712320093

4.5 sk

7 day strength

Time

28 day strength

Revolutions


Time (min)

90 minute limit

28 day design requirement

ASR & ACR?

C09.50 Risk Management for Alkali Aggregate Reaction

Sole Document

New Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

Focuses on flow chart for management (decision making) on how to identify risk of AAR

Based on AASHTO flow chart

Returned Concrete in ASTM C94

Top loaded concrete as a material source?

Industry already does it

A sustainable practice?

How to incorporate and manage?

ASTM C1798-16e1

Recycled Material as Aggregate (ASTM C33)

3.2 aggregate, recycled, n - a granular material that has beendiverted, separated, or removed from the solid waste stream, andprocessed for use in the form of raw materials or products.

B For manufactured or other recycled aggregate, if the material finerthan the 75-m (No.200) sieve consists of the dust of fracture,essentially free of clay or shale, this limit shall be 5.0% for concretesubject to abrasion, and 7% maximum for concrete not subject toabrasion.

5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand,or other recycled aggregate or a combination thereof.

Recycled Material as Aggregate (ASTM C33)

Note X: This standard only addresses properties of aggregatesconsidered necessary for use in concrete and the associated testmethods contained within this standard. Certain recycled aggregatesources may contain materials and properties not addressed as partof the document specifications, limits, or test methods. Recycledaggregates may require evaluation for environmental considerations(air quality, water quality, storage) using the appropriate local, state,and federal test methods in effect at the time of use.

9.1 Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushedstone, air-cooled blast furnace slag, crushed hydraulic-cementconcrete (see Note 6), or other recycled aggregate (see Note X), or acombination thereof, conforming to the requirements of thisspecification.

The Government already has labelsEPD

Questions

Richard S. Szecsy, PhD, PE, FACIPresident

Texas Aggregates and Concrete Assoc.900 CongressAustin, Texas 78701214-202-1379 cell512-451-5100 ofc

[email protected]

Slide Number 1OverviewWhat does a sack of cement weigh? (Then)What does a sack of cement weigh? (Now)Low Strength (Then)Low Strength (Now)300 Drum Revolutions (and 90 minutes)Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Then)Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Now)Rejecting at 300 Drum Revolutions (Now)What about 90 minutes?ASR & ACR?Returned Concrete in ASTM C94Recycled Material as Aggregate (ASTM C33)Recycled Material as Aggregate (ASTM C33)The Government already has labelsEPDQuestions

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