Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Training Course Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Training Course

Chain Saw andChain Saw andCrosscut SawCrosscut SawTraining CourseTraining Course

Chain Saw andChain Saw andCrosscut SawCrosscut SawTraining CourseTraining CoursexStudent's GuidebookStudent's Guidebook2001 Edition2001 Edition

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

Forest Service

Technology &DevelopmentProgram

6700 Safety & HealthJuly 20010167–2815–MTDC

Intermediate Sawyer Name____________________________________________

Unit____________________________________

Qualifications: See reverse side. Cardholder is approved to perform only those tasks signed by qualified trainer/certifier.

Issue Date_________________ Expiration Date_________________

B

MissoulaTechnology &

Development Center

i

Chain Saw andChain Saw andCrosscut SawCrosscut SawTraining CourseTraining Course

Chain Saw andChain Saw andCrosscut SawCrosscut SawTraining CourseTraining CourseStudent's GuidebookStudent's Guidebook2001 Edition2001 Edition

The Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), has developed this information for theguidance of its employees, its contractors, and its cooperating Federal and State agencies, and is notresponsible for the interpretation or use of this information by anyone except its own employees. The use oftrade, firm, or corporation names in this document is for the information and convenience of the reader, anddoes not constitute an endorsement by the Department of any product or service to the exclusion of othersthat may be suitable.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on thebasis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or maritalor family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who requirealternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination,write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence AvenueSW, Washington, D.C. 20250–9410, or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunityprovider and employer.

Chuck Whitlock, Project Leader

R.C. Carroll, Northern Region Chain Saw Program Coordinator

Paul Chamberlin, Northern Rockies Fireline Safety Specialist

David Michael, Pacific Southwest Region Crosscut SawCoordinator and Trails Specialist

Winston Rall, Pacific Northwest Region Chain Saw/CrosscutProgram Manager and Occupational Safety and Health Specialist

Jerry Taylor Wolf, Project Assistant

USDA Forest ServiceTechnology and Development ProgramMissoula, MT

7E72E41—Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Training

July 2001

Intermediate Sawyer Name____________________________________________

Unit____________________________________

Qualifications: See reverse side. Cardholder is approved to perform only those tasks signed by qualified trainer/certifier.

Issue Date_________________ Expiration Date_________________

B

ii

Contents

Chapter 1—Course Information and Safety Requirements _______ 1Forest Service Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Program ____________ 1Job Hazard Analysis _______________________________________ 1

First Aid ______________________________________________ 2Emergency Evacuation Plan ______________________________ 2Personal Protective Equipment ____________________________ 2

General Requirements ________________________________ 2Specific Requirements ________________________________ 3

Situational Awareness ______________________________________ 5Checklist of Personal Safety Considerations and Attitude ________ 5Evaluating the Complexity of the Assignment ________________ 5

Glossary ______________________________________________ 6

Sample Job Hazard Analysis ______________________________ 9

Additional Information for Sawyers _______________________ 13

Chapter 2—Chain Saw Use and Maintenance ________________ 14Chain Saw Operation ______________________________________ 14

Chain Saw Components_________________________________ 14Guide Bar Maintenance _________________________________ 17Chain Tension _________________________________________ 18Daily Saw Maintenance _________________________________ 18

Cleaning Exercise ___________________________________ 19Chain Maintenance ____________________________________ 19Chain Filing __________________________________________ 20

Sharpening Cutters With a Round File ___________________ 20How to Set Depth Gauges ____________________________ 21Chain Filing Exercise ________________________________ 22

Saw Transportation _____________________________________ 22Transporting Chain Saws in a Vehicle ____________________ 22Transporting Chain Saws by Hand ______________________ 22

Safe Chain Saw Use ___________________________________ 22Starting Procedures _________________________________ 22Starting the Chain Saw on the Ground ___________________ 23

Operational Safety _____________________________________ 23Handling __________________________________________ 23Reactive Forces ____________________________________ 23

Additional Tools _______________________________________ 25Axes _____________________________________________ 25Wedges ___________________________________________ 25Fuel and Oil Containers ______________________________ 26Peaveys and Cant Hooks _____________________________ 27

Chapter 3—Chain Saw Tasks and Techniques ________________ 28Safe Chain Saw Use ______________________________________ 28

Proper Use of Bumper Spikes (Dogs) ______________________ 28Bucking ________________________________________________ 28

Situational Awareness __________________________________ 28Safe and Efficient Bucking Techniques______________________ 28

Determining Bind ___________________________________ 29Safe Bucking Practices__________________________________ 31

Points to Remember _________________________________ 32

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Limbing ________________________________________________ 32Brushing and Slashing _____________________________________ 33

Sizeup and Safety Considerations _________________________ 33Safe and Efficient Brushing and Slashing Techniques __________ 33

Basic Felling ____________________________________________ 35Situational Awareness __________________________________ 35Sizeup ______________________________________________ 36Escape Routes ________________________________________ 37Felling the Tree ________________________________________ 38Felling Details _________________________________________ 39

The Undercut, Holding Wood, and Backcut _______________ 39Directional Felling ______________________________________ 42Felling Observers and Spotters ___________________________ 43

Chapter 4—Crosscut Saw Tasks and Techniques ______________ 44Understanding Your Crosscut Saw ___________________________ 44

Historical Origin of the Crosscut Saw _______________________ 44Different Types of Crosscut Saws __________________________ 44

One-Person Crosscut Saws ___________________________ 44Two-Person Crosscut Saws ___________________________ 44

Two-Person Crosscut Saw Patterns ________________________ 44Felling Saws _______________________________________ 44Bucking Saws ______________________________________ 44

Saw Grinds ___________________________________________ 45Flat Ground ________________________________________ 45Straight Taper Ground ________________________________ 45Crescent Taper Ground _______________________________ 45

How a Saw Cuts _______________________________________ 46Cutter Teeth________________________________________ 46Rakers____________________________________________ 46Gullets ____________________________________________ 47

Tooth Patterns ________________________________________ 47Plain-Tooth (Peg-Tooth) Pattern ________________________ 47M-Tooth Pattern ____________________________________ 47Great American-Tooth Pattern _________________________ 47Champion-Tooth Pattern ______________________________ 47Perforated Lance-Tooth Pattern ________________________ 47Lance-Tooth Pattern _________________________________ 48

Saw Handles _________________________________________ 48Handle Position _____________________________________ 48Handle Attachment Holes _____________________________ 48Types of Saw Handles _______________________________ 48Handle Installation and Maintenance ____________________ 49

Saw Maintenance ______________________________________ 49Cleaning the Saw ___________________________________ 49Checking for Straightness _____________________________ 50Testing the Saw _____________________________________ 50Brief Overview of Saw Filing Procedure __________________ 50Storage ___________________________________________ 51Transporting Saws __________________________________ 52

Saw-Related Tools and Equipment ___________________________ 52Lubricants ____________________________________________ 53

Types_____________________________________________ 53Functions _________________________________________ 53Applying Lubricants _________________________________ 53

Contents

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Axes ________________________________________________ 53Wedges _____________________________________________ 53

Splitting Wedges ____________________________________ 54Lifting Wedges _____________________________________ 54

Peaveys and Cant Hooks ________________________________ 54Underbucks __________________________________________ 54

Types of Underbucks ________________________________ 54Bucking and Felling Preparation and Techniques ________________ 55

Bucking______________________________________________ 55Safety Considerations ________________________________ 55Bucking Sizeup _____________________________________ 55Planning the Cut ____________________________________ 56

Single-Bucking Techniques ______________________________ 59Single Bucking With No Bind: Top Cutting_________________ 60Single Bucking With Top Bind: Underbucking Required ______ 60Underbucking ______________________________________ 60Single Bucking With Top Bind: Top Cutting ________________ 61Single Bucking With Bottom Bind: Top Cutting _____________ 61Single Bucking With Bottom Bind: Underbucking ___________ 61Single Bucking With End Bind__________________________ 61Single Bucking With Side Bind _________________________ 61

Double-Bucking Techniques ______________________________ 62Felling _______________________________________________ 62

Safety Considerations ________________________________ 62Felling Sizeup ______________________________________ 63Establishing Escape Routes ___________________________ 64Placing the Undercut_________________________________ 64Cutting the Backcut __________________________________ 67

Contents

Project leader Chuck Whitlock wishes to thank the following individuals fortheir contribution to this project.

Gary Hoshide, Bert Lindler, Sara Lustgraaf, Emily Ranf, Michelle Beneitone,Bob Beckley, Mark Wiggins, and Ben Croft.

Thanks to everyone who provided input and reviewed the document.

Acknowledgments

1

Chapter 1—Course Information and Safety Requirements

In this chapter:

• Students will receive an overview of the chain saw andcrosscut saw training course.

• Students will be provided with information on the requirementsfor successfully completing the chain saw and crosscut sawtraining course.

• Students will be able to identify the elements in a job hazardanalysis (JHA): the task or procedure to be accomplished, thehazards associated with the task or procedure, abatementactions to eliminate or reduce the hazards, first-aid supplies,and emergency evacuation procedures.

• Students will learn why personal protective equipment (PPE)is used, how it is used, and how it is maintained.

• Students will be able to identify common safety mistakes madeby sawyers.

Forest Service Chain Saw andCrosscut Saw Program

As Forest Service employees you must be aware of all lawsand standards that must be met before you operate a chainsaw.

Why do we have a national chain saw and crosscut sawprogram?

This course will provide the skills to safely use chain saws andcrosscut saws, and serve as a refresher class for persons whohave already completed the training. The national chain sawand crosscut saw program was developed to provide all sawyersa solid foundation for safe and efficient saw operation whilefelling, bucking, brushing, or limbing.

Safety is the most critical objective. Your safety, the safety ofyour coworkers, the safety of the public, and property protec-tion should be a part of every plan and every action you take.Careful study and practice of saw operations will improve yourown abilities and help you identify your limitations to ensuresafe saw operation.

This course is designed to train beginning and intermediatesawyers to perform project work safely and efficiently. Thechapters for both courses are summarized below.

The Chain Saw Course:• Chapter 1 (classroom), course information and safety

requirements

• Chapter 2 (classroom), chain saw use and maintenance• Chapter 3 (classroom), chain saw tasks and techniques• Chapter 5 (field), sawyer evaluation process and sawyer

evaluation form

The instructor will describe the certification levels and detailsof restrictions or endorsements for special uses.

The Crosscut Saw Course:• Chapter 1 (classroom), course information and safety

requirements• Chapter 4 (classroom), crosscut saw tasks and techniques• Chapter 5 (field), sawyer evaluation process and sawyer

evaluation form

The instructor will describe the certification levels and detailsof restrictions or endorsements for special uses.

Job Hazard Analysis

A JHA (see Sample Job Hazard Analysis section at the end ofthis chapter) must be prepared (preferably with the assistanceof the involved employees) before beginning any work projector activity. The JHA must:

• Identify the task or procedure to be accomplished. Such taskscould include limbing, bucking, or felling.

• Identify the hazards associated with the task or procedure.These hazards may include physical, biological, environmental,chemical, and other hazards. Examples of hazards include:

—Physical hazards: Rocky terrain, slippery slopes.—Biological hazards: Insect bites, hantavirus.—Environmental hazards: Weather-related hazards such as

hypothermia, wind, lightning.—Chemical hazards: Hazardous materials such as fuel mix

for chain saws and oil for crosscut saws.—Other hazards: Personal security issues, public traffic,

hunting seasons.

• Identify abatement actions that can eliminate or reducehazards. Abatement actions include:

—Engineering controls: The most desirable method of abate-ment (such as ergonomic tools and equipment).

—Substitution: Such as switching to high flashpoint, nontoxicsolvents.

—Administrative controls: Such as limiting exposure by re-ducing work schedules or establishing appropriate workpractices and procedures.

—PPE: The last method of abatement (such as using hearingprotection when working with chain saws).

(Suggested time: 2 hours)

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Chapter 1—Course Information and Safety Guidelines

• Identify first-aid supplies and emergency evacuation proced-ures. In the event of an emergency evacuation, be preparedto provide the following information:

—Nature of the accident or injury (avoid using the victim’sname).

—Type of assistance needed (ground, air, or water evacu-ation).

—Location where the accident occurred, best access to thework site (road name or number).

—Radio frequencies.—Contact person.—Local hazards to ground vehicles or aviation.—Weather conditions (windspeed and direction, visibility,

temperature).—Topography.—Number of individuals to be transported.—Estimated weight of individuals for air or water evacuation.

First Aid

Refer to the Health and Safety Code Handbook chapter 20,sections 21.21 and 21.22, for information on handling a medicalemergency. The onsite first-aid kit must have supplies thatmeet Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)specifications and requirements. A Type IV first-aid kit mustbe available as a minimum (General Services Administrationnational stock number NSN 6545-01-010-7754). A morecomplete kit meeting higher standards may be used.

Emergency Evacuation Plan

An emergency evacuation plan is essential for any field project,especially one involving chain saws and crosscut saws. Allemployees need to be proficient in using a radio. They need toknow which frequencies to use and whom to contact in the eventof an emergency. The latitude and longitude and/or the legallocation for an emergency medical helispot shall be determinedand included in the JHA before starting any work. The entirecrew shall know where the helispot is located. The emergencyevacuation plan needs to be updated when the work locationchanges.

The JHA and emergency evacuation plan shall be signed byemployees, signifying that they have read and understood thecontents, have received the required training, are qualified toperform the task or procedure, and will comply with all safetyprocedures.

A copy of the JHA, the bloodborne-pathogen exposure controlplan, the material safety data sheets for products used on thework project or activity, and the emergency evacuation planmust be kept onsite during the project. The JHA can be reviewedand updated during tailgate safety sessions. These sessionstake place before a new project or activity is begun, whenchanges are made (such as changing location, adding crew-members, or changing job responsibilities), or wheneveremployees believe a session is needed. Topics often focus onthe hazards associated with the job and methods to eliminateor abate them.

Personal Protective Equipment(Health and Safety Code Handbook chapter 70, section 72)

Items that must be included in the JHA:

(Chain Saw Operations) (Crosscut Saw Operations)• Forest Service-approved hardhat • Forest Service-approved hardhat• Eye protection • Eye protection• Appropriate gloves • Appropriate gloves• Heavy-duty, cut-resistant or • Heavy-duty, cut-resistant or leather,

leather, waterproof or water- waterproof or water-repellent,repellent, 8-inch-high laced boots 8-inch-high laced bootswith nonskid soles with nonskid soles

• Hearing protection (85 decibels • (Not required)and higher)

• Long-sleeved shirt • (Optional)• Chain saw chaps with a 2-inch • (Optional)

boot overlap

Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used withengineering controls, substitution, administrative controls, ora combination of them to protect against hazards. Relying onPPE alone is not adequate.

General requirements should be followed for assessing thehead, eye, face, hand, and foot hazards of a work project oractivity.

General Requirements

• Select PPE based on hazards identified in the JHA.—PPE shall fit properly.—Defective, damaged, or unsanitary PPE shall not be used.—Supervisors shall assure the adequacy of PPE as well as

its proper maintenance and sanitation.

• Each employee shall be trained to wear the PPE required bythe JHA. Training shall include:

—The required PPE and when and how it should be worn.—Proper care, maintenance, useful life, limitations, and

disposal of PPE.

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• Before performing any work project or activity requiring PPE,employees need to demonstrate an understanding of theirtraining in its use. Employees are accountable for accidentsand injuries that result from failing to use or misusing requiredPPE.

• Additional training may be necessary. Circumstances in whichsupervisors should provide additional training include:

—Workplace changes that make earlier training obsolete.—Changes in the PPE to be used.—Evidence that an employee’s knowledge or use of PPE is

not adequate.

Specific Requirements

• Eye and Face Protection: Appropriate protection (includingside protection) when employees are exposed to eye or facehazards such as flying particles, chemical gases or vapors, orpotentially injurious light (such as ultraviolet light). Face shieldscan be used in saw operations in addition to safety glassesor safety goggles.

• Noise Protection: To comply with 29 CFR 1910.95, employeesneed to be in a hearing conservation program and wear earplugs or ear muffs or both when working with equipment higherthan 85 decibels (Health and Safety Code Handbook chapter20, section 21.13b No. 2).

• Head Protection: All hardhats and helmets should be designedto provide protection from impact and penetration hazards fromfalling objects. Inspect shells daily for signs of dents, cracks,penetration, or any other damage that might compromiseprotection. Suspension systems, headbands, sweatbands, andany accessories should also be inspected daily.

• Hand Protection: Ensure that hand protection protects employ-ees from the specific hazards that will be encountered. Glovesare often relied on to prevent cuts, abrasions, burns, and skincontact with chemicals that can cause local or systemic problemsif they contact the skin (29 CFR 1910.138).

• Foot Protection: Footwear designed to prevent injury due tofalling or rolling objects and objects piercing the soles. Heavy-duty, cut-resistant or leather, waterproof or water-repellent,8-inch-high laced boots with nonskid soles are required forchain saw use.

• Additional Protection: Saw chaps, saw shoulder pads, orother PPE that provide cut resistance or puncture protection.

How Chain Saw Chaps Protect the User—When a chainsaw strikes chain saw chaps, Kevlar fibers are pulled into thechain saw’s drive sprocket, slowing and quickly stopping thechain.

A back-coated nylon shell covers the Kevlar protective padinside the chaps. The shell resists water, oil, and abrasions. Theprotective pad consists of five layers of Kevlar in the followingorder: woven Kevlar, felted Kevlar, woven Kevlar, woven Kevlar,felted Kevlar. Kevlar is an aramid fiber similar to the Nomexmaterial used in firefighter’s clothing. Kevlar is more resistantto flame than Nomex. When chain saw chaps are exposed totemperatures higher than 500 degrees Fahrenheit, the nylonshell may melt, but the protective Kevlar pad will not burn.

Chain saw chaps need to be properly adjusted and worn snugto keep them positioned correctly on the legs. Chain saw usersshall wear chaps. The chaps should provide coverage 2 inchesbelow the boot tops. Proper fit and correct length maximizeprotection!

Chain Saw Chaps Specifications (MTDC-6170-4)—TheForest Service has provided cut-resistant protective chaps forchain saw sawyers since 1965. Chain saw chaps have preventedthousands of serious injuries.

The protective pad in the original Forest Service chain sawchaps consisted of four layers of ballistic nylon. Chain saw chapstests conducted by the Missoula Technology and DevelopmentCenter (MTDC) concluded that four layers of ballistic nylonoffered protection to a chain speed of 1,800 feet per/minute(fpm) without a cut through. In 1981 Forest Service chain sawchaps were redesigned to improve the level of protection to achain speed of 2,500 fpm without a cut through. The weightof the chaps was reduced by 40 percent, making them morecomfortable.

The Center monitors chain saw injuries. Because chain sawsrequire right-hand operation, the majority of chain contactinjuries occur on the left leg. In 2000 the Forest Service chainsaw chaps were redesigned. The new design provides protectionto a chain speed of 3,200 fpm without a cut through and in-creases the area of coverage for the left side of the left leg byabout 21⁄2 inches, and for the left side of the right leg by about11⁄2 inches. The higher level of protection and larger area ofprotection increased the weight of each pair of chaps by 6 to8 ounces, depending on the length (32, 36, or 40 inches). Onlysaw chaps provided by the General Services Administrationmeeting MTDC specifications 6170–4 are approved for purchaseand use.

Inspection and Replacement—Chain saw chaps need tobe inspected and replaced when appropriate. Replace chainsaw chaps when:

• The outer shell has numerous holes and cuts. Holes in theouter shell allow bar oil to be deposited on the protective pad.The oil acts as an adhesive, preventing fibers in the pad frommoving freely, decreasing the protection.

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• Wood chips and saw dust are evident in the bottom of thechaps.

• Repairs have stitched through the protective pad. Machineor hand stitching the protective pad prevents the fibers frommoving freely, decreasing the protection.

• Cleaning has been improper. Detergents with bleach additivesdecrease the protection.

• High-pressure washing has destroyed the protective pad.

• The chaps have a cut in the first layer of yellow Kevlar thatis more than 1 inch long.

Caring for Chain Saw Chaps—Treat your chain saw chapsas a CRITICAL piece of safety equipment. Keep them as cleanas possible. Appropriate and timely cleaning reduces theflammability of the chaps and keeps your clothing cleaner. Donot use your chaps as a chain stop.

Use Citrosqueeze, a commercially available citrus-based clean-ing product, to clean chain saw chaps. Citrosqueeze has beentested and approved by Dupont for cleaning Nomex and Kevlar.Do not machine wash or machine dry chain saw chaps.

Cleaning Chain Saw Chaps—Hose and brush off chain sawchaps to remove dirt. Citrosqueeze must be diluted before use.

• For light soiling, use a Citrosqueeze solution in a spray bottle,mixing 1 part Citrosqueeze concentrate to 10 parts water. Spraysolution on the area to be cleaned and brush the solution intothe chaps with a bristle brush. Wait one-half hour, thoroughlyrinse the chaps with cold water, and allow them to air dry.

• For heavy petroleum contamination, soak chain saw chapsin Citrosqueeze solution for a minimum of 4 hours, overnightif possible. Brush the chaps with a bristle brush, rinse themthoroughly with cold water, and allow them to air dry. Many pairsof chain saw chaps can be cleaned in a single soak tank. Use10 to 15 gallons of solution in a soak tank.

A United States manufacturer for Citrosqueeze is:Emco IndustriesNo. 118–2930 Norman Strasse Rd.San Marcos, CA 92069Phone: 888–727–3230

Repairs—Clean all chaps before repairing them. Repair cutsand holes in the outer shell as soon as possible to prevent theprotective Kevlar pad from becoming contaminated with baroil and petroleum products.

When repairing damage to the chaps’ nylon shell, use a com-mercially available product called Seam Grip. Seam Gripprovides a flexible, waterproof, and abrasion-resistant patchthat will prevent petroleum products from contaminating theprotective Kevlar pad.

Remove chain saw chaps from service if they have a cut longerthan 1 inch in the top layer of Kevlar.

To repair holes and tears in the nylon shell:

1. Cut a piece of notebook or printer paper that extendsabout 2 inches beyond the edge of the damage.

2. Slip the paper inside the hole or tear so the paper lies ontop of the protective Kevlar pad.

3. Lay the chaps on a flat, level surface and press the nylonshell down onto the piece of paper.

4. Squeeze Seam Grip onto the paper and onto the sides ofthe tear so that there is good coverage on all sides of thetear or hole.

5. Allow the patch to dry for at least 12 hours before usingthe chaps.

Seam Grip is available through outdoor retailers. To learn ofretailers close to you, contact:

McNett Corp.Box 996Bellingham, WA 98227Phone: 360–671–2227Fax: 360–671–4521Web site: http://www.mcnett.com

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Situational Awareness

The situational awareness checklist can be used for self-assessment during sawing operations. It can also be used fordiscussions, tailgate safety sessions, or one-on-one problemsolving (performance or skill deficiency) in the field.

Checklist of Personal Safety Considerations andAttitude

✔ How do I feel about this sawing assignment?

✔ Am I exercising sound judgment and awareness?

✔ Is my attitude influencing me to go against my better judgment(gut feeling)?

✔ Is my mind on my work project or activity?

✔ Do I have self-confidence?

✔ Am I overconfident?

✔ Am I doing this against my will? (Health and Safety CodeHandbook chapter 20, section 22.48)

✔ Is peer pressure a factor?

✔ Am I professional enough to decline the assignment andask for assistance?

✔ Do I have all of the required PPE and sawing equipmentto do the job safely? Am I committed to using the PPE andequipment correctly?

✔ Am I complacent?

✔ Am I violating any safe operating procedures?

✔ Do I feel hurried or unusually stressed to get the tree on theground or bucked?

✔ Have all options been considered and discussed withothers?

✔ Am I in an unfamiliar environment and timber type?

✔ Do I watch out for my coworkers, contractors, and the public?

Evaluating the Complexity of the Assignment

The individual sawyer must determine the complexity of theassignment.

Your evaluation of the complexity of the assignment must bebased on your individual skill, knowledge, and your understand-ing of your personal capabilities and limitations. The finaldecision to cut any tree is left up to the individual sawyer. Youhave the responsibility to say no and walk away from any sawingsituation that is beyond your capabilities.

If a thorough job of assessing the complexity of the specificsituation has been completed, the decision to cut or not to cutwill be determined by the following Go, No-Go process.

Deciding Whether to Cut a Tree

Go! I feel comfortable with the sawing situation—I will cut the tree.

No Go! I don’t feel comfortable with the situation—I will walkaway from the tree.

Never base your decision on what you think you might be ableto do. Remember…your safety and the safety of your coworkersdepends on the decisions you make.

6

Glossary

This glossary is adapted from the S–212 Wildfire Power Sawstraining course.

Ax—A part of the faller’s safety equipment used for poundingand chopping. It can also be used to plumb the lean of a tree.

Backcut—The last of the three cuts required to fell a tree. It islocated on the opposite side of the tree from the undercut (face)and at least 2 inches (the stump shot) above the horizontal cutof the undercut (face). The backcut must never be continuedto a point at which no holding wood remains.

Barber Chair—A tree that splits vertically when it is beingfelled. This is generally a result of improper facing or backcut-ting. A portion of the fallen tree is left on the stump.

Bind—A series of pressures in a felled tree resulting fromobjects (such as terrain or stumps) that prevent the tree fromlying flat on the ground. The two major components of bindare compression and tension. Binds determine the techniqueand procedure used while bucking.

Blowdown—An area of timber blown over by strong winds orstorms.

Bole—A tree stem thick enough for saw timber or large poles.

Boring—Using the nose or tip of the guide bar to saw into thetree while felling or bucking.

Bottom Bind—One of the four basic tree positions commonlyencountered while bucking. A tree in a bottom bind is tensionedon top and compressed on the bottom.

Brushing—Removing the brush and shrubs while swampingout a work area.

Buck—Sawing through the bole of a tree after it has beenfelled.

Butt—The base of a tree stem.

Calks—Heavy boots containing numerous steel calks or spikes.

Conventional Undercut—The type of undercut commonlyused to fell a tree. The undercut is taken from the butt of thetree.

Corners—The holding wood on either outside edge of the tree.

CPR—Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Danger Tree—A standing tree that presents a hazard due toconditions such as deterioration or physical damage to theroot system, trunk, stem, or limbs, and the direction and leanof the tree.

Dogs (Bumper Spikes)—Chain saw accessory designed forfelling and bucking. Medium-size saws will generally have aninside dog while larger saws will have an inside and an outsideset of dogs. Chain saw dogs increase the sawyer’s efficiencyin felling and bucking operations.

Dolmar—Container for holding saw fuel and oil.

DOT—U.S. Department of Transportation.

Double Jack—A long-handled sledge hammer used to drivesplitting and steel wedges.

Dutchman—A portion of the undercut that is not removed. Adutchman generally results when the horizontal and slopingundercut do not meet or extend beyond each other. A dutchmanis very hazardous because it can change the felling direction.

End Bind—One of the four basic tree positions commonlyencountered while bucking. An end bind situation occurs onsteep terrain where the force of gravity closes the bucking cuts.

EPA—U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Escape Route—A predetermined path used by fallers whenfelling or bucking. Determine the direction and distance of theescape route and clear the route before cutting.

Face Cut—See undercut.

First-Aid Kit—A kit that includes bloodborne pathogen protec-tive equipment (as a minimum, rubber gloves, face masks,eye protection, and CPR clear-mouth barriers) in addition tostandard first-aid supplies.

Forest Service Approved—An item that meets Forest Servicespecifications or conforms to Forest Service drawings.

Guide Bar—The part of the chain saw that the saw chain travelson. Improper use of the bar (particularly the top and bottom ofthe bar at the end of the bar’s nose) results in kickbacks andsaw cuts.

Gunning (Sighting)—Aligning the handlebars or gunning markwith the desired felling direction. Because the handlebars orgunning mark are at a 90-degree angle to the bar, the exactposition of the undercut can easily be established in relation tothe desired felling direction. Some handlebars are not designedfor gunning.

Hanging Wedge—A fan-shaped metal wedge.

Hangup—A situation in which a tree is lodged in another treeand does not fall to the ground.

7

Glossary

Head Lean—One of the two natural leaning forces found inmost trees. Head lean is more pronounced than side lean.

Holding Wood—Section of wood located between the undercutand the backcut. Its purpose is to prevent the tree from perma-nently slipping from the stump before it has been committedto the undercut. It also helps direct where the tree will fall.The holding wood must never be completely sawn off.

Hinge Wood—Same as holding wood.

Horizontal Undercut—The first of the two cuts required toundercut a tree. This level cut is at least one-third the diameterof the tree.

Humboldt Undercut—A type of undercut that is not recom-mended by the Forest Service for felling trees.

Itinerary—Planned route of travel, date of travel, destination,and estimated times of departure and arrival.

Jackstraw—Area where trees have been blown or fallen downin crisscross fashion.

JHA—Job hazard analysis.

Kerf—The slot saw-chain cutters make in the wood.

Kickback—A strong thrust of the saw back toward the fallergenerally resulting from improper use of the nose of the guidebar or from pinching the bar in a cut.

Lay—Refers to either the position in which a felled tree is lyingor the intended location of a standing tree after it has beenfelled.

Lead—The established direction in which all trees in a quarteror strip are to be felled, usually governed by the terrain of thearea, its general slope, or the skid road system.

Lean—The tilt of a tree away from its vertical position. Manytimes two leans may affect the same tree, such as head leanand side lean.

Leaner—A tree that leans heavily.

Limbing—Removing the branches from a felled or standingtree.

MSDS—Material safety data sheet. A compilation of informationrequired under the Occupational Safety and Health Administra-tion’s Hazard Communication Standard that outlines the identityof hazardous chemicals, health, physical, and fire hazards,exposure limits, and storage and handling precautions.

NIOSH—National Institute on Occupational Safety and Health.

Offside—The opposite side of the tree from where the fallerstands while bucking or felling.

OSHA—Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Pie Shape (Wedge) Cut—A section sawn from a tree duringbucking to allow for the directional pressures of various binds.Removing a pie-shaped section minimizes splits and slabs.

PPE—Personal protective equipment and clothing, respiratorydevices, protective shields, and barriers.

Pistol-Grip Tree—A tree with a curve at the base of the trunkthat makes it difficult to identify the tree’s lean.

Safety Container—As defined by NFPA 30, an approvedcontainer with less than 5-gallon capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover designed so that it safely relievesinternal pressure when during a fire.

Sapwood—The outer layers of wood in growing trees thatcontain living cells and reserve material.

Side Bind—One of the four basic tree positions commonlyencountered while bucking. A tree in a side bind is compressedon one side and tensioned on the other.

Side Lean—One of the two natural leans found in many trees.Side lean is less pronounced than head lean.

Sitback—Refers to a tree that settles back on the stump,closing the backcut’s kerf. Sitback usually occurs because ofimproperly determining the tree’s lean or by the wind.

Slabbing—A lateral split generally caused by improper tech-nique or an improper sequence of bucking cuts.

Sloping Undercut—The second of the two cuts required toundercut a tree. This cut must be angled to allow a wide openingfor the undercut.

Snag—Any standing dead tree.

Sound—Wood that is not rotten.

Spider—A gauge used for setting crosscut saw teeth.

Spike Top—A live tree that has a dead top.

Spring Pole—A limb or sapling that is bent under a tree orother weight.

8

Stump Shot—Two inches or more height difference betweenthe horizontal cut of the undercut (face) and the backcut. Thedifference in height establishes a step that will prevent a treefrom jumping back over the stump toward the faller.

Swamp Out—To clean out brush and other material aroundthe base of trees and where trees are to be bucked to protectagainst saw kickback and to provide safe footing.

Top Bind—One of the four basic tree positions commonlyencountered while bucking. A tree in a top bind situation iscompressed on top and tensioned on the bottom.

Undercut (Face Cut)—A section of wood sawn and removedfrom a tree’s base. Its removal allows the tree to fall and helps

Glossary

direct where the tree will fall. The face is comprised of twoseparate cuts that have constant relationships. The horizontalcut must be at least one-third the diameter of the tree; thesloping cut must be angled enough to allow a wide opening,and the two cuts must not cross each other.

USDA—U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Wedge—A plastic or magnesium tool used by a faller to redis-tribute a tree’s weight in the desired direction and to preventa tree from falling backward. It is also used to prevent the guidebar from being pinched while bucking.

Widow Maker—A loose limb, top, or piece of bark that mayfall on anyone working beneath it.

9

1. W

OR

K P

RO

JEC

T/A

CT

IVIT

Y2.

LO

CA

TIO

N3.

UN

IT

4. N

AM

E O

F A

NA

LYS

T5.

JO

B T

ITL

E6.

DA

TE

PR

EPA

RE

D

7. T

AS

KS

/PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

8. H

AZ

AR

DS

9. A

BA

TE

ME

NT

AC

TIO

NS

(Eng

inee

ring

cont

rols

• s

ubst

itutio

n •

adm

inis

trat

ive

cont

rols

• P

PE

)

FS

-670

0-7

(03/

00)

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

For

est S

ervi

ce

JOB

HA

ZA

RD

AN

ALY

SIS

(JH

A)

Ref

eren

ces:

FS

H 6

709.

11 a

nd 6

709.

12(I

nstr

uctio

ns o

n re

vers

e)

Sample Job Hazard Analysis

Ch

ain

Saw

Op

erat

ion

Qu

alif

icat

ion

s•

Cur

rent

cer

tific

atio

n by

a n

atio

nally

rec

ogni

zed

orga

niza

tion

to r

ende

r fir

st a

id a

nd p

erfo

rm C

PR

. Par

tici-

patio

n in

an

appr

oved

cro

sscu

t/cha

in s

aw p

rogr

am (

Cla

ssro

om a

nd fi

eld

trai

ning

enc

ompa

ssin

g in

par

t or

in to

tal a

nat

iona

l tra

inin

g pr

ogra

m, s

uch

as W

ildfir

e P

ower

Saw

s S

-212

). S

uper

viso

rs—

Ens

ure

that

saw

oper

ator

s re

ceiv

e tr

aini

ng o

r re

trai

ning

in fi

rst a

id a

nd C

PR

bef

ore

cert

ifica

tions

exp

ire.

Ele

men

ts in

clud

e:•

Dem

onst

ratio

n of

saw

ing

abili

ty (

to a

cer

tifie

d op

erat

or o

r ce

rtifi

ed in

stru

ctor

) in

func

tiona

l are

as.

• S

uper

visi

on b

y a

cert

ified

inst

ruct

or o

r ce

rtifi

ed o

pera

tor

of s

aw w

ork

by n

ew o

pera

tors

. Sup

ervi

sors

—M

onito

r pr

ofic

ienc

y of

saw

yers

to r

ecog

nize

the

need

for

rece

rtifi

catio

n (a

dditi

onal

trai

ning

) in

less

than

3ye

ars.

Per

son

al P

rote

ctiv

e E

qu

ipm

ent

(PP

E)

Em

ploy

ees—

Mai

ntai

n P

PE

in a

cle

an a

nd fu

lly fu

nctio

nal c

ondi

tion.

Req

uire

d P

PE

:Fa

lling

obj

ects

• F

ores

t Ser

vice

-app

rove

d ha

rdha

t.F

lyin

g or

spr

ayin

g ob

ject

s•

Eye

pro

tect

ion.

Noi

se•

Hea

ring

prot

ectio

n (8

5 dB

and

abo

ve).

Sha

rp o

r po

inte

d ob

ject

s•

App

ropr

iate

glo

ves

(cut

-res

ista

nt g

love

s fo

r ch

ain

filin

g).

• Lo

ng-s

leev

ed s

hirt

.•

Cha

in s

aw c

haps

(Fo

rest

Ser

vice

–app

rove

d, m

inim

um o

f 2 in

ches

boo

t ove

rlap)

.•

Hea

vy-d

uty,

cut

-res

ista

nt o

r le

athe

r, w

ater

proo

f or

wat

er-r

epel

lent

, 8-in

ch-h

igh

lace

d bo

ots

with

non

skid

sole

s (h

ard

toes

are

opt

iona

l).•

Fire

she

lter

(wild

fire

and

pres

crib

ed-b

urn

assi

gnm

ents

).

Req

uire

d ch

ain

saw

feat

ures

:• T

hrot

tle in

terlo

ck.

• F

ellin

g an

d bu

ckin

g sp

ikes

for

felli

ng a

nd b

ucki

ng o

pera

tions

(fu

ll se

t of t

wo)

.E

rgon

omic

s, fa

tigue

• A

ntiv

ibra

tion

syst

em.

• C

hain

bra

ke, f

ully

func

tiona

l.•

Pro

per

saw

for

the

job,

fully

ope

ratio

nal (

full

wra

paro

und

hand

le b

ar fo

r fe

lling

ope

ratio

ns is

req

uire

d,th

ree-

quar

ter

hand

leba

rs a

re a

llow

ed fo

r bu

ckin

g an

d lim

bing

onl

y).

• P

rope

r ba

r le

ngth

for

the

spec

ific

wor

k pr

ojec

t or

activ

ity.

• B

ow b

ars

with

top

and

botto

m c

hain

gua

rds

and

stin

gers

.•

Cha

in, f

iled

and

mai

ntai

ned.

Gen

eral

equ

ipm

ent:

• F

irst-

aid

kit.

• F

ire e

xtin

guis

her.

• C

hain

saw

wre

nch.

• C

hain

file

with

han

dle

and

guar

d.•

App

rove

d sa

fety

con

tain

er f o

r fu

el.

• C

hain

and

bar

oil

cont

aine

r , cl

early

mar

ked.

• P

rope

r w

edge

s fo

r th

e sp

ecifi

c w

ork

proj

ect o

r ac

tivity

(w

oode

n w

edge

s ar

e no

t per

mitt

ed).

• S

ingl

e-bi

t ax

or m

aul,

3 to

5 p

ound

s

10

1. W

OR

K P

RO

JEC

T/A

CT

IVIT

Y2.

LO

CA

TIO

N3.

UN

IT

4. N

AM

E O

F A

NA

LYS

T5.

JO

B T

ITL

E6.

DA

TE

PR

EPA

RE

D

7. T

AS

KS

/PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

8. H

AZ

AR

DS

9. A

BA

TE

ME

NT

AC

TIO

NS

(Eng

inee

r ing

cont

rols

• s

ubst

itutio

n •

adm

inis

trat

ive

cont

rols

• P

PE

)

FS

-670

0-7

(03/

00)

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

For

est S

ervi

ce

JOB

HA

ZA

RD

AN

ALY

SIS

(JH

A)

Ref

eren

ces:

FS

H 6

709.

11 a

nd 6

709.

12(I

nstr

uctio

ns o

n re

vers

e) Sample Job Hazard Analysis

Tran

spo

rtin

g t

he

Saw

Saf

ety

Pra

ctic

es:

Dar

knes

s•

No

felli

ng a

t nig

ht.

Wal

king

• C

arry

so

the

bar

(tee

th)

poin

t dow

nhill

and

aw

ay fr

om th

e bo

dy—

cove

r th

e ba

r if

carr

ying

on

your

shou

lder

. Pre

vent

inju

ry fr

om c

utte

rs, d

ogs,

and

muf

fler.

• S

hut d

own

the

saw

whe

n ca

rryi

ng fa

rthe

r th

an tr

ee to

tree

, or

whe

n sl

ippe

ry s

urfa

ces

or b

rush

cre

ate

addi

tiona

l haz

ards

.•

Act

ivat

e th

e ch

ain

brak

e fo

r sh

orte

r di

stan

ces.

Veh

icle

• D

o no

t car

ry s

aws

or fu

el (

incl

udin

g em

pty

fuel

con

tain

ers)

in th

e pa

ssen

ger

com

part

men

t.•

Do

not s

tore

fuel

and

food

toge

ther

.

Sit

uat

ion

al A

war

enes

s an

dA

naly

ze th

e cu

tting

are

a by

con

side

ring:

Siz

eup

• Lo

catio

n of

peo

ple,

str

uctu

res,

pow

erlin

es, a

nd o

ther

obs

tacl

es.

• R

oads

and

trav

el in

the

cutti

ng a

rea.

• Top

ogra

phy

and

stee

p gr

ound

.•

Nea

rby

haza

rds

such

as

tree

s, lo

w-h

angi

ng a

nd d

ead

limbs

, roc

ks, a

nd b

rush

.•

Prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

y es

cape

rou

tes,

saf

ety

zone

s, a

nd a

ltern

ates

.•

Win

d di

rect

ion

and

velo

city

suc

h as

ste

ady

vers

us g

ustin

g an

d/or

cha

ngin

g di

rect

ions

.• T

ree

spec

ies,

bot

h liv

e an

d de

ad.

• D

iam

eter

and

hei

ght o

f tre

es.

• S

ound

ness

of t

ree

(spl

it, li

ghtn

ing

stru

ck, b

roke

n-of

f top

, rot

, det

erio

ratio

n or

phy

sica

l dam

age

to th

e ro

otsy

stem

, tru

nk, s

tem

, lim

bs, o

r ba

rk).

• Le

an d

irect

ion.

• Li

mb

dist

ribut

ion.

• W

idow

mak

ers.

• S

pike

d to

p.•

Bur

ning

top.

• M

oist

ure

(rai

n, s

now

, or

ice)

.

Ch

ain

Saw

Op

erat

ion

Pri

mar

y an

d S

eco

nd

ary

Esc

ape

Ro

ute

s, S

afet

y Z

on

es, a

nd

Alt

ern

ates

Slip

s, tr

ips,

and

falls

• S

elec

t and

pre

pare

the

wor

k ar

ea b

y cl

earin

g a

prim

ary

esca

pe p

ath

and

an a

ltern

ate

path

bef

ore

star

ting

the

cut.

Wal

king

sur

face

s•

Wal

k ou

t and

thor

ough

ly c

heck

the

inte

nded

lay

of th

e tr

ee.

• P

lan

the

rout

e fr

om th

e st

ump

to th

e sa

fety

zon

e, g

ener

ally

not

less

than

20

feet

aw

ay; t

he fa

rthe

r th

ebe

tter.

Falli

ng o

bjec

ts•

If po

ssib

le, s

tand

beh

ind

anot

her

tree

, pre

fera

bly

quar

terin

g ba

ck fr

om th

e pl

anne

d di

rect

ion

of fa

ll. W

ait

and

wat

ch fo

r at

leas

t 30

seco

nds

afte

r th

e tr

ee h

its th

e gr

ound

for

bran

ches

and

oth

er b

roke

n tr

ee p

arts

to fa

ll. T

he s

hiel

ding

tree

sho

uld

be s

ound

and

larg

e en

ough

to p

rovi

de p

rote

ctio

n.

Bu

ckin

g, B

rush

ing

, an

dK

ickb

ack

• K

now

whe

re th

e tip

of t

he b

ar is

at a

ll tim

es.

Lim

bin

gB

ind

• A

ntic

ipat

e lo

g te

nsio

ns (

bind

s) a

nd c

ompr

essi

ons

and

plan

miti

gatio

n.R

ollin

g lo

gs•

Use

wed

ges

and/

or th

e pi

e cu

t. In

itiat

e th

e cu

t slo

wly

to o

bser

ve th

e bi

nd.

• U

se c

autio

n w

hen

cutti

ng li

mbs

sup

port

ing

the

log

off t

he g

roun

d. D

o no

t saw

from

the

dow

nhill

sid

e. O

nst

eep

grou

nd, p

reve

nt b

ucke

d se

ctio

ns fr

om r

ollin

g or

slid

ing.

Lim

b fr

om th

e to

p of

larg

e lo

gs.

Tens

ion

• W

atch

f or

and

care

fully

red

uce

tens

ion

on s

aplin

gs a

nd li

mbs

with

a s

erie

s of

sm

all c

uts

on th

e te

nsio

ned

side

.

11

1. W

OR

K P

RO

JEC

T/A

CT

IVIT

Y2.

LO

CA

TIO

N3.

UN

IT

4. N

AM

E O

F A

NA

LYS

T5.

JO

B T

ITL

E6.

DA

TE

PR

EPA

RE

D

7. T

AS

KS

/PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

8. H

AZ

AR

DS

9. A

BA

TE

ME

NT

AC

TIO

NS

(Eng

inee

ring

cont

rols

• s

ubst

itutio

n •

adm

inis

trat

ive

cont

rols

• P

PE

)

FS

-670

0-7

(03/

00)

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

For

est S

ervi

ce

JOB

HA

ZA

RD

AN

ALY

SIS

(JH

A)

Ref

eren

ces:

FS

H 6

709.

11 a

nd 6

709.

12(I

nstr

uctio

ns o

n re

vers

e)

Fel

ling

Hum

an fa

ctor

s•

Con

side

r yo

ur m

enta

l and

phy

sica

l con

ditio

n.O

ther

haz

ards

(ki

ckba

ck,

• S

aw fr

om a

saf

e st

andi

ng h

eigh

t. B

e al

ert a

nd lo

ok u

p fr

eque

ntly

. The

und

ercu

t mus

t be

clea

n w

ith a

nbi

nd, r

ollin

g lo

gs)

open

ing

larg

e en

ough

to c

ontr

ol th

e tr

ee n

early

to th

e gr

ound

. Do

not u

se c

orne

r or

sid

e cu

ts in

hol

low

tree

s un

less

ade

quat

e ho

ldin

g w

ood

can

be m

aint

aine

d. G

ive

a w

arni

ng s

hout

bef

ore

begi

nnin

g th

eba

ckcu

t. G

ive

anot

her

war

ning

sho

ut ju

st b

efor

e th

e tr

ee fa

lls. I

nser

t a w

edge

into

the

back

cut a

s so

on a

spo

ssib

le. I

n sm

all-d

iam

eter

tree

s, w

edge

into

a c

orne

r cu

t. D

o no

t cut

off

all o

f the

hol

ding

woo

d. A

s th

etr

ee c

omm

its to

the

unde

rcut

, wat

ch th

e to

p as

you

get

qui

ckly

way

from

the

stum

p. If

the

tree

mov

es in

adi

rect

ion

that

com

prom

ises

the

prim

ary

esca

pe r

oute

, use

the

alte

rnat

e ro

ute.

Do

not l

eave

a p

artia

lly c

uttr

ee w

ithou

t mar

king

it a

nd w

arni

ng o

ther

s. W

hen

situ

atio

ns a

re d

eem

ed u

nsaf

e, u

se a

ltern

ate

met

hods

or

canc

el th

e ta

sk.

Han

dlin

g F

lam

mab

le a

nd

Bur

ns, f

lam

mab

ility

, and

Saf

ety

Pra

ctic

esC

om

bust

ible

Liq

uid

sto

xic

fum

es•

A h

azar

d co

mm

unic

atio

n tr

aini

ng p

rogr

am p

rovi

des

info

rmat

ion

rela

ted

to g

ener

al a

war

enes

s, h

azar

dch

emic

al in

vent

ory,

and

MS

DS

s.•

A h

azar

dous

-che

mic

al in

vent

ory

shal

l be

mai

ntai

ned

and

shal

l be

read

ily a

cces

sibl

e to

all

empl

oyee

s.•

Nev

er h

andl

e ha

zard

ous

chem

ical

s th

at d

o no

t hav

e an

MS

DS

. An

MS

DS

is r

equi

red

from

the

man

ufac

ture

r/su

pplie

r of

eac

h ch

emic

al u

sed

onsi

te a

nd s

hall

be r

eadi

ly a

cces

sibl

e to

em

ploy

ees

at a

lltim

es.

Tran

spo

rtat

ion

• A

ll co

ntai

ners

(sa

fety

can

s, d

rum

s, ta

nks,

or

tank

truc

ks)

used

for

tran

spor

ting

haza

rdou

s m

ater

ials

mus

tbe

cor

rect

ly la

bele

d or

pla

card

ed to

ens

ure

quic

k id

entif

icat

ion

of th

e m

ater

ials

in a

n em

erge

ncy.

Dis

pen

sin

g•

Gen

eral

Saf

ety—

All

hand

ling

and

disp

ensi

ng o

f fla

mm

able

liqu

ids

shal

l be

done

in a

wel

l-ven

tilat

ed a

rea

free

of s

ourc

es o

f ign

ition

, with

bon

ding

bet

wee

n th

e di

spen

sing

equ

ipm

ent a

nd th

e co

ntai

ner

bein

g fil

led.

Wo

rkin

g A

rou

nd

Po

iso

no

us

Acc

iden

tal c

onta

ctP

roce

du

res

Pla

nts

• Tea

ch a

ll em

ploy

ees

who

are

sub

ject

to e

xpos

ure,

esp

ecia

lly th

ose

know

n to

be

high

ly s

ensi

tive,

tore

cogn

ize

pois

onou

s pl

ants

. Whe

n po

ssib

le, d

o no

t ass

ign

alle

rgic

em

ploy

ees

to jo

bs th

at e

xpos

e th

em to

pois

onou

s pl

ants

.•

Pro

vide

and

app

ly a

ski

n pr

otec

tant

or

barr

ier

crea

m. F

aste

n pa

nt le

gs s

ecur

ely

over

boo

t top

s (a

dhes

ive

tape

may

be

nece

ssar

y).

• W

ear

glov

es a

nd k

eep

them

aw

ay fr

om th

e fa

ce a

nd o

ther

exp

osed

par

ts o

f the

bod

y. D

o no

t tou

ch s

kin

with

han

ds, c

loth

es, o

r eq

uipm

ent t

hat m

ay h

ave

cont

acte

d po

ison

ous

plan

ts.

• W

hene

ver

the

skin

con

tact

s a

pois

onou

s pl

ant o

r no

xiou

s w

eed,

was

h th

e ar

ea w

ith c

old

wat

er w

ithin

1to

3 m

inut

es o

r as

soo

n as

pos

sibl

e. U

se li

bera

l am

ount

s of

wat

er to

ens

ure

that

all

pois

onou

s oi

ls a

rew

ashe

d of

f. W

hile

wor

king

aro

und

pois

onou

s pl

ants

, do

not w

ash

with

soa

p an

d/or

hot

wat

er b

ecau

se th

eyca

n re

mov

e na

tura

l pro

tect

ive

oils

from

you

r sk

in.

• D

estr

oy p

oiso

nous

pla

nts

arou

nd im

prov

ed a

reas

.•

Avo

id th

e sm

oke

of b

urni

ng p

oiso

nous

pla

nts .

Inha

ling

this

sm

oke

can

caus

e f e

ver,

mal

aise

, res

pira

tory

prob

lem

s, a

nd s

e ver

e ra

sh.

• U

pon

retu

rnin

g fr

om th

e fie

ld, u

se r

ubbi

ng a

lcoh

ol to

cle

anse

ski

n th

at c

onta

cted

poi

sono

us p

lant

s .•

Cle

an to

ols

with

citr

ic-b

ased

sol

vent

bef

ore

stor

ing

(use

app

ropr

iate

glo

ves

and

adeq

uate

ven

tilat

ion)

.•

Avo

id e

xpos

ure

thro

ugh

mis

hand

ling

cont

amin

ated

clo

thes

. Was

h co

ntam

inat

ed c

loth

ing

sepa

r ate

ly fr

omot

her

clot

hes

in h

ot w

ater

and

det

erge

nt.


12

1. W

OR

K P

RO

JEC

T/A

CT

IVIT

Y2.

LO

CA

TIO

N3.

UN

IT

4. N

AM

E O

F A

NA

LYS

T5.

JO

B T

ITL

E6.

DA

TE

PR

EPA

RE

D

7. T

AS

KS

/PR

OC

ED

UR

ES

8. H

AZ

AR

DS

9. A

BA

TE

ME

NT

AC

TIO

NS

(Eng

inee

r ing

cont

rols

• s

ubst

itutio

n •

adm

inis

trat

ive

cont

rols

• P

PE

)

FS

-670

0-7

(03/

00)

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f Agr

icul

ture

For

est S

ervi

ce

JOB

HA

ZA

RD

AN

ALY

SIS

(JH

A)

Ref

eren

ces:

FS

H 6

709.

11 a

nd 6

709.

12(I

nstr

uctio

ns o

n re

vers

e)

Eva

cuat

ion

Pla

n (s

ee a

ttach

ed E

mer

genc

y E

vacu

atio

n P

lan)

10. L

INE

OF

FIC

ER

SIG

NA

TU

RE

11. T

ITL

E12

. DA

TE

Fie

ld S

ite

EM

ER

GE

NC

Y E

VA

CU

AT

ION

PL

AN

Wor

k pr

ojec

t/act

ivity

: G

ener

al s

aw u

se__

____

____

___ _

____

____

_Lo

catio

n:__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

_Le

gal d

escr

iptio

n:__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

__

To p

repa

re fo

r an

em

erge

ncy

that

req

uire

s fir

st a

id a

nd/o

r im

med

iate

eva

cuat

ion

of p

erso

nnel

due

to s

erio

us in

jury

, the

follo

win

g in

form

atio

n sh

all b

e av

aila

ble

to a

llcr

ewm

embe

rs:

• D

esig

nate

d fir

st-a

id p

rovi

der(

s): a

t lea

st o

ne p

erso

n on

eac

h cr

e w s

houl

d be

des

igna

ted

to p

rovi

de fi

rst a

id.

• C

omm

unic

atio

n pr

oced

ures

to f o

llow

in th

e e v

en o

f an

emer

genc

y.•

Mea

ns o

f com

mun

icat

ion

durin

g du

ty h

ours

: For

est r

adio

to c

onta

ct f o

rest

fire

dis

patc

h.

Wo

rkin

g A

rou

nd

Inse

cts

Tic

ksS

afet

y P

roce

du

res

• S

pray

clo

thes

with

an

inse

ct r

epel

lant

, whi

ch m

ay p

rovi

de a

n ad

ditio

nal b

arrie

r ag

ains

t tic

ks. R

epel

lant

s,su

ch a

s di

ethy

l met

atol

oam

ide

(DE

ET

), d

o no

t kill

tick

s. S

ome

spra

ys d

o co

ntai

n pe

rmet

hrin

, whi

ch k

ills

ticks

on

cont

act.

Alw

ays

follo

w th

e m

anuf

actu

rer’s

app

licat

ion

inst

ruct

ions

for

inse

ct r

epel

lant

s an

dtr

eatm

ents

.•

Wea

r lig

ht-c

olor

ed c

loth

ing

that

fits

tigh

tly a

t the

wris

ts, a

nkle

s, a

nd w

aist

. Eac

h ou

ter

garm

ent s

houl

dov

erla

p th

e on

e ab

ove

it. C

over

trou

ser

legs

with

hig

h so

cks

or b

oots

and

tuck

shi

rtta

ils in

side

trou

sers

.•

Sea

rch

the

body

rep

eate

dly

(suc

h as

dur

ing

rest

per

iods

and

lunc

h), e

spec

ially

hai

ry r

egio

ns a

nd in

side

clot

hing

, as

ticks

sel

dom

atta

ch th

emse

lves

with

in th

e fir

st fe

w h

ours

.•

Rem

ove

ticks

with

fine

-tip

ped

twee

zers

or

finge

rs. G

rasp

the

tick

as c

lose

as

poss

ible

to th

e po

int o

fat

tach

men

t and

pul

l str

aigh

t up,

app

lyin

g ge

ntle

pre

ssur

e. W

ash

the

skin

with

soa

p an

d w

ater

then

clea

nse

with

rub

bing

alc

ohol

. Do

not t

ry to

rem

ove

the

tick

by b

urni

ng it

with

a m

atch

or

cove

ring

it w

ithch

emic

al a

gent

s. If

the

head

pul

ls o

ff w

hen

the

tick

is b

eing

rem

oved

, or

if th

e tic

k ca

nnot

be

rem

oved

,se

ek m

edic

al a

ttent

ion.

• O

nce

the

tick

has

been

rem

oved

, pla

ce it

in a

n em

pty

cont

aine

r so

it c

an b

e gi

ven

to a

phy

sici

an if

you

expe

rienc

e a

reac

tion.

Rec

ord

the

date

s of

tick

exp

osur

e an

d re

mov

al. A

n ea

rly w

arni

ng s

ign

to w

atch

for

is a

larg

e re

d sp

ot o

n a

tick

bite

. Rea

ctio

ns w

ithin

2 w

eeks

incl

ude

feve

r, ch

ills,

hea

dach

e, jo

int a

nd m

uscl

eac

he, s

igni

fican

t fat

igue

, and

faci

al p

aral

ysis

.


13

Additional Information for Sawyers

Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Documents

Oregon Maintenance and Safety Manual. Blount, Inc., OregonCutting Systems Division; 4909 SE. International Way; Portland,OR 97222–4679; (or) P.O. Box 22127, Portland, OR 97269–2127.

Falling and Bucking Training Standard and Fallers and Buckers’Handbook. Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia,Films and Posters Section; P.O. Box 5350; Vancouver, BCV6B5L5.

An Ax to Grind (9923–2833–MTDC). Missoula Technology andDevelopment Center; Bldg. 1, Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT59804–7294.

Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Videos

An Ax to Grind (99–01–MTDC). Missoula Technology andDevelopment Center; Bldg. 1, Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT59804–7294.

Be Smart—Be Sharp—Be Safe. Blount, Inc., Oregon CuttingSystems Division; 4909 SE. International Way; Portland, OR97222–4679; (or) P.O. Box 22127, Portland, OR 97269–2127.

Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Presentations

Situational Awareness Exercise for Chain Saws and SituationalAwareness Exercise for Crosscut Saws. PowerPoint presen-tations. Missoula Technology and Development Center; Bldg.1, Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT 59804–7294.

Chain Saw Videos

Chain Maintenance Clinic: Oregon Cutting. Workers Compen-sation Board of British Columbia, Films and Posters Section;P.O. Box 5350; Vancouver, BC V6B5L5.

Principles of Safe, Correct, and Efficient Chain Saw Use inAll Tree Felling Operations. D. Douglas Dent, Inc.; P.O. Box1099; Prineville, OR 97754.

Chain Saw Presentations

S–212 Wildfire Power Saws. Slide presentation. This trainingcourse is scheduled for revision fall of 2001. National Intera-gency Fire Center; 3833 S. Development Ave.; Boise, ID 83705.

Crosscut Saw Documents

Crosscut Saw Manual (7771–2508–MTDC). Revised May1988. Missoula Technology and Development Center; Bldg. 1,Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT 59804–7294.

Lightly on the Land: The SCA Trail-Building and MaintenanceManual. Birkby, Robert C., ISBN# 0–89886–491–7, TheMountaineers, Seattle, WA, 1996.

Now You’re Logging. Griffiths, Bus, ISBN# 1–55017–072–4,Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, BC Canada, 1992.

Handtools for Trail Work. (8823-2601-MTDC). Revised February1997. Missoula Technology and Development Center; Bldg. 1,Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT 59804–7294.

Northeastern Loggers’ Handbook. Simmons, Fred C., USDAAgricultural Handbook No. 6, Northeast Forest ExperimentStation, January 1951.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, BasicTechnology in Forest Operations. FAO Forestry Paper #36,ISBN# 92–5–101260–1, Rome, 1982.

Saws and Sawmills for Planters and Growers. Morris, John,ISBN# 1–871315–11–5, Cranfield Press, Bedford, UK, 1991Logging Principles & Practices in the U.S. and Canada.Brown, Nelson Courtland, John Wiley & Son, Inc., 1934.

Country Woodcraft. Langsner, Drew, ISBN# 0–87857–200–7,Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA, 1978.

Crosscut Saw Reflections in the Pacific Northwest. Deaton,Jim, ISBN# 0–87770–675–1, Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield,WA, 1998.

Crosscut Saw Videos

Handtools for Trail Work (98–04–MTDC). Missoula Technologyand Development Center; Bldg. 1, Fort Missoula; Missoula, MT59804–7294.