ch5_conflictamongcountries

8/2/2019 ch5_conflictamongcountries

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Causes of International ConflictsYou will learn about:


2/19

Escalating into War


3/19

Conflict over fishing grounds few natural resources

dependent on fishing

industry

79% of total export

reduction of fish stocks

by a third esp cod

Overfishing by Belgium, Germany and Britain


4/19

Iceland

Belgium

Britain

Referred to the

UN Conference on

the Law of the Sea(early 1970s)but no

action was taken

Extended its zone

of control of fishing

grounds (Oct 1975)

Britain refused to

comply & continued

fishing

France

Norway

Increased from 50

nautical miles to

200 nautical miles

No country would

be allowed to fish

without

permission


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November 1975

Icelands Coast Guard attemptedto force British trawlers out

Britain sent their frigate to protect

their trawlers Frequent collisions between thetwo

February 1976

Iceland broke off diplomatic tieswith Britain


6/19

1. Britain allowed to catch a fixed amount of fish

2. A maximum of 24 British trawlers within the 200 nauticalmile zone

3. Icelands patrol vessels can inspect British trawlers

4. Lasted for six months, after which Britain had no moreright to fish in the zone


7/19

Conflict between Democracy and Communism

Definedemocracy

Definecommunism

Ideology which respects

individual rights & treatscitizens as equals

Ideology that proclaims the

abolition of class oppressionand the foundation of society

based on the commonpossession of the means of

production and equaldistribution of goods.

Individual freedomState-owned /

State-controlled


8/19

Superpower

Main representative of thedemocratic world

SuperpowerMain representative of thecommunist world


9/19

Before WWII, Korea occupied byJapan

Surrender of Japanese in Aug

1945

Division into two halves - 38thparallel


10/19

38

th

Parallel

USSR occupied North Koreatemporarily

USSR refused election & formeda communist DemocraticPeoples Republic of Korea

The USA occupied South Korea

temporarily

Elections established it asRepublic of Korea

ReunificationFailed


11/19

1949 - Withdrawal of Soviet &American troops

1949-1950

Frequent border clashes

Claims by each side to rule Korea

June 1950

N. Korea invaded S. Korea

Spread communism

War


12/19

Action by United States, allies & support by United Nations

Defend South Korea

Captured Inchon& Seoul

UN troops usedPusan,S.Korea, as base

Defeated NorthKoreans

WAR DID NOT END!


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Why?

1.Ally to N. Korea

2. Border (Yalu river) btwN.Korea & Chinathreatened by UN troops

China joined in the war


14/19


15/19

Why is land important?

Defence

National Pride

Space

Natural Resources

Sovereignty


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1947

India gained independence& frontier from the British

Indefinite border

Inaccessible Himalayas

Disputed areas

Aksai Chin Plateau (a)

North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) (b)

a

b


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Late 1950s

contested Indias presencein areas along frontier

did not want to negotiateabt definite boundary

argued that roadviolated territorial rights

1958

built a road on Aksai Chin

argued that border was notfixed & not violated territorial

rights

claimed that borderwas clearly defined


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1959

Tension worsened whenfighting broke out in NEFA &

Aksai Chin

demanded the return ofterritories

Mid-1961occupied more of Indiasterritories

1962

War broke out

1990s

Territorial conflict not resolved


19/19

War is often the last resort

A peaceful resolution is sometimessought first before fighting takes

place

Consequences of wars are

devastating

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ch5_conflictamongcountries