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Notes for IUPUI ME 344
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Polymers
Nomenclature
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Count the number of monomers and add the Greek Prefix
1 Meth2 Eth3 Prop4 But5 Pent6 Hex7 Hept8 Oct9 Non10 Dec11 Undecmore - poly
Lewis Structure
CH3
CH3CHCHCH2CH3
F
CH3CH2C CCH2CH3
CH3 CH3
Br Br
CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH2CH3
CH2CH3
I
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Even More examples
Functional Group Subsets
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Examples of Monomer Molecules
C=CHH
H HC=C
FF
F F
C=CClH
H H C=CCH3H
H H
Carbon-Carbon double bonds, side groups give properties
PropyleneVinyl ChlorideTetrafluoroethyleneEthylene
Vinyl and Vinylidene Polymers
Figure 10.6+10.7
2 carbons so Eth, double bond so ethylene
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Addition Polymerization - Steps
Addition Polymerization
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Condensation Polymerization•
Requires 2 functional groups
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Examples of Monomer Molecules
R-C-OH
O
Carboxylic Acid group
Amine Group R-NH2
Alcohol Group R-OH
Notes about nomenclatureGlycol = molecule with more than one alcohol group (-OH)
Amine = molecule has an amino group (-NH2)Diamine (or diamino) contains two amino groups
Acid means the molecule contains a carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
Adipic Acid
Ethylene Glycol
1,6-Diaminohexane
Terephthalic Acid
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Homopolymer and Copolymers
AAAAAAAAAAAAA
ABABABABABABABABABA
AAAABBBBAAAABBBBAAAABBBB
AAABBAABBBABBBBBBBBAABAABAAABBA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBB
Structure of Noncrystalline Linear Polymers
Figure 10.4
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Degree of Polymerization
Degree of Polymerization =Molecular mass of polymer(g/mol)
Mass of a mer (g/mer)
Average Molecular Weight
•
i
iim f
MfM
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Ex. You are reverse engineering a competitors new high strength Ethylene-Acrylic Ester copolymer sprocket for a performance gear shifter. Through experiments you determine the molecular weight of the polymer to be 13,700 g/mol and the degree of polymerization to be 243. What is the mol fraction of ethylene and acrylic ester?
R=C4H9
Network Polymerization
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Structure of Partly Crystalline Thermoplastics
Figure 10.16 Figure 10.17
Solidification of Thermoplastics.
Figure 10.14
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Stereoisomerism in Thermoplastics
Figure 10.19
Industrial Polymerization
Figure 10.12
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Injection Molding
After J. Brown, “ Injection Molding of Plastic Components,” McGraw-Hill, 1979, p.28.
Figure 10.21
Cavity of a Hot-Runner Mold
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After H. S. Kauffman and J. J. Falcetta(eds.), “Introductin to Polymer Science and Technology” Wiley, 1977, p.462.
Compression Molds and Thermosetting
Figure 10.25
After B. B. Seymour, Plastics Technology, in “ Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,” vol. 15, Wiley, 1968, p.802.
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Transfer Molding
Figure10.26
Courtesy of Plastics Engineering Co., Sheboygan, Wisc.
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General Purpose Thermoplastics
Materials Engineering, May 1972
Table 10.2
Polyethylene
Table 10.3
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Effect of Plasticizers on Tensile Strength
Figure 10.30
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3rd most used polymer
H H
C C
H CH3n
3rd Most Used polymer
4th most used thermoplastic
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ABS
• ABS = Acrylonitrile + Butadiene + Styrene
Heat &Chemicalresistance
Impact strength rigidity,Glossprocessing
Even More Thermoplastics
•
Table 10.5
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Thermosetting Plastics
• High thermal and dimensional stability, rigidity, resistance to creep, light weight.
Table 7.7
Source: Materials Engineering, May 1972.
Elastomers (Rubbers)
H CH3 H HC C C CH H
n
Crosslinked
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Natural Rubber - Properties
Figure 10.43
After M. Eisenstadt, “Introduction to Mechanical properties of Materials,” Macmillan, 1971, p.89.
Deformation of Thermoplastics
Elastic deformation
Elastic or plastic deformation
Plastic deformation
Figure 10.45
Figure 10.46
After T. Alfrey, “mechanical Behavior of Polymers,” Wiley-Interscience, 1967.After M. Eisenstadt, “Introduction to Mechanical properties of Materials,” Macmillan, 1971,p.264.
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Effects of Temperature on Strength
Figure 10.50
After H. E Barker and A. E.Javitz, Plastic Modeling Materials for structural and Mechanical Applications, Electr. Amnuf., May 1960.
How can we strengthen a thermoplastic polymer?
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Input
Output
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, (ABS).Cellulosic.Ethylene vinyl alcohol, (E/VAL).Fluoroplastics, (PTFE), (FEP, PFA, CTFE, ECTFE, ETFE).Ionomer.Liquid Crystal Polymer, (LCP).Polyacetal, (Acetal).Polyacrylates, (Acrylic).Polyacrylonitrile, (PAN), (Acrylonitrile).Polyamide, (PA), (Nylon).Polyamide-imide, (PAI).Polyaryletherketone, (PAEK), (Ketone).Polybutadiene, (PBD).Polybutylene, (PB).Polycarbonate, (PC).Polyektone, (PK).Polyester.Polyetheretherketone, (PEEK).Polyetherimide, (PEI).Polyethersulfone, (PES).Polyethylene, (PE).Polyethylenechlorinates, (PEC).Polyimide, (PI).Polymethylpentene, (PMP).Polyphenylene Oxide, (PPO).
Polyphenylene Sulfide, (PPS).Polyphthalamide, (PTA).Polypropylene, (PP).Polystyrene, (PS).Polysulfone, (PSU).Polyurethane, (PU).Polyvinylchloride, (PVC).Polyvinylidene Chloride, (PVDC).Thermoplastic elastomers, (TPE).
Thermoplastics
Allyl Resin, (Allyl).Epoxy.Melamine formaldehyde, (MF).Phenol-formaldehyde Plastic, (PF), (Phenolic).Polyester.Polyimide, (PI).Polyurethane, (PU).Silicone, (SI).
Thermosets
